RESUMEN
Candida species are the primary cause of candidiasis, a common yeast infection, with Candida albicans being the most prevalent pathogen. These infections often infiltrate the body through cutaneous and vaginal routes. Given the potential severity of some Candida infections, particularly invasive cases, there is a critical need for effective antifungal treatments. Controlled drug delivery strategies have been developed to achieve optimal release kinetics and precise targeting of active agents, especially in fungal infection therapeutics. Consequently, significant attention has been focused on exploring and utilizing bioadhesive polymers to enhance the performance of drug delivery systems for antifungal medications. Bioadhesive drug delivery systems aim to sustain the release of therapeutic agents, reducing the need for frequent dosing. This article provides a comprehensive review of scientific investigations into the use of antifungal drugs within bioadhesive drug delivery systems for treating candidiasis, locally and systemically. The evaluation covers the efficacy of these systems against candidiasis, factors affecting prolonged contact at the application site, and the underlying mechanisms of drug delivery.
RESUMEN
Microencapsulation of polysaccharidic nanoparticles is met with nanoscale and biological performance changes. This study designs soft agglomerates as nanoparticle vehicle without nanoparticles undergoing physical processes that alter their geometry. The nanoparticles were made of high molecular weight chitosan/pectin with covalent 5-fluorouracil/folate. Nanoparticle aggregation vehicle was prepared from low molecular weight chitosan. The nanoparticles and aggregation vehicle were blended in specific weight ratios to produce soft agglomerates. Nanoparticles alone are unable to agglomerate. Adding aggregation vehicle (< 2 µm) promoted soft agglomeration with nanoparticles deposited onto its surfaces with minimal binary coalescence. The large and rough-surfaced aggregation vehicle promoted nanoparticles deposition and agglomeration. A rounder vehicle allowed assembly of nanoparticles-on-aggregation vehicle into agglomerates through interspersing smaller between larger populations. Soft agglomeration reduced early drug release, and was responsive to intracapsular sodium alginate coat to further sustain drug release. The soft agglomerates can serve as a primary oral colon-specific vehicle.
Asunto(s)
Alginatos/química , Quitosano/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Pectinas/química , Administración Oral , Antimetabolitos/administración & dosificación , Antimetabolitos/química , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Liberación de Fármacos , Fluorouracilo/química , Ácido Fólico/química , Humanos , Nanopartículas/química , Complejo Vitamínico B/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Conventional melt pelletization and granulation processes produce round and dense, and irregularly shaped but porous agglomerates respectively. This study aimed to design centrifugal air-assisted melt agglomeration technology for manufacture of spherical and yet porous "granulets" for ease of downstream manufacturing and enhancing drug release. A bladeless agglomerator, which utilized shear-free air stream to mass the powder mixture of lactose filler, polyethylene glycol binder and poorly water-soluble tolbutamide drug into "granulets", was developed. The inclination angle and number of vane, air-impermeable surface area of air guide, processing temperature, binder content and molecular weight were investigated with reference to "granulet" size, shape, texture and drug release properties. Unlike fluid-bed melt agglomeration with vertical processing air flow, the air stream in the present technology moved centrifugally to roll the processing mass into spherical but porous "granulets" with a drug release propensity higher than physical powder mixture, unprocessed drug and dense pellets prepared using high shear mixer. The fast-release attribute of "granulets" was ascribed to porous matrix formed with a high level of polyethylene glycol as solubilizer. The agglomeration and drug release outcomes of centrifugal air-assisted technology are unmet by the existing high shear and fluid-bed melt agglomeration techniques.