RESUMEN
Early neurological injury or disease can lead to severe life-long physical impairments, despite normal cognitive function. For such individuals, brain-computer interfaces (BCI) may provide a means to regain access to the world by offering control of systems through directly processing brain patterns. However, current BCI applications are often research driven and consequently seen as uninteresting, particularly for prolonged use and younger BCI-users. To help mitigate this concern, this paper establishes a tool for researchers and game developers alike to rapidly incorporate a BCI control scheme (the P300 oddball response) into a gaming environment. Preliminary results indicate the proposed P300 Dynamic Cube (PDC) asset works in online BCI environments (n=20, healthy adult participants), resulting in median classification accuracy of 75 ± 3.28%. Additionally, the PDC tool can be rapidly adapted for a variety of game designs, evidenced by its incorporation into submissions to the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Game Jam 2019 competition. These findings support the PDC as a useful asset in the design and development of BCI-based games.
Asunto(s)
Interfaces Cerebro-Computador , Adulto , Encéfalo , Cognición , HumanosRESUMEN
A history of the early years (1965-1985) of the International Neuropsychological Society (INS) is presented. Themes than run through these years--such as the need for an organizational structure, attempts to make the Society truly international, and the involvement of the membership, especially, the "younger" members, in governance--are clearly evident. After a somewhat shaky start, the Society came of age toward the end of this formative 20-year period.
Asunto(s)
Neuropsicología/historia , Sociedades Científicas/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Neuropsicología/tendenciasRESUMEN
Using neuropsychological evidence, this paper examines whether spatial attention functions as a domain-specific module or as a more general-purpose central processor. Data are presented from two spatial attention cuing tasks completed by subjects, with an acquired attentional deficit, and control subjects. In both tasks, an arrow indicated with high probability the side of response (response task) or the side of space on which the stimulus would appear (visuospatial task). In the response task, the stimuli appeared foveally and the response component was lateralized, and in the visuospatial task, the stimuli were lateralized and the response component remained constant in the midline. Only the neglect subjects showed a disproportionate increase in reaction time on both the response and visuospatial tasks when the arrow cued the subject to the ipsilateral side and the stimulus or response was on the side of space contralateral to the lesion. The substantial association across the two tasks suggests that a common underlying internal spatial representation subserves perception and action. While this finding is consistent with Fodor's view of a cross-domain processor, it does not meet all of his criteria of a central processor. We conclude, therefore, that the posterior attentional mechanism is strictly neither a module nor a central processor. Rather, these results suggest that a common attentional mechanism may subserve behavior in domains that are tightly coupled.