RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop an initial valid tool to measure attitudes toward cancer-related cognitive changes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: After revising the literature, three main dimensions were hypothesized. Eight judges were contacted to obtain content validity evidence. A robust Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed via a parallel analysis with an Unweighted Least Squares (ULS) estimator and polychoric correlations. The results were crossed with sociodemographic variables to find possible statistical differences and estimate the size effect. Analysis was performed in the software Factor and the statistical package R. RESULTS: A sample of 374 participants was obtained, involving oncology patients, their caregivers, and people from the general community. A statistical fit was found in two dimensions: Awareness and Judgments [root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.042, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.02, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.98] with a moderate correlation between them (r = 0.612). Optimal reliability indices were obtained for the total scale and its dimensions. No real statistical difference was found between sociodemographic variables; the interpretation norms were established via the quartiles. CONCLUSIONS: The first attempt to measure the construct of interest was developed with two primary validity evidence based on the content and its internal structure. This instrument could help strengthen the prevention of cancer-related cognitive changes. More research is needed to adhere more valid evidence to the scale.

Asunto(s)

Oncología Médica , Neoplasias , Humanos , Colombia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Programas Informáticos , Cognición

RESUMEN

The inter-mountainous region of central Honduras has been experiencing abrupt urban drinking water shortages during the last decade. Land use fragmentation and rainfall deficits have rapidly reduced surface water quality and quantity in this region. Here we present a 3-yr (2018-2020) tracer study within the headwaters of the Choluteca River basin (2949 km2). We sampled rainfall (weekly N = 156; daily N = 270), drilled wells (N = 166; up to ~300 m depth), boreholes (N = 70; ~4-12 m depth), and springs (N = 128) to assess the spatiotemporal connectivity between rainfall and mean groundwater recharge elevations (MREs). Clear W-shaped incursions characterized rainfall isotopic seasonality from the dry to the wet season. Air mass back trajectory analysis revealed three primary moisture sources: 73 % (east, Caribbean Sea), 17 % (southwest, Pacific Ocean), and 10 % (north; Gulf of Mexico). Groundwater sources exhibited a strong meteoric origin with evidence of secondary evaporation evolution, characterized by low d-excess values. MREs for the drilled wells ranged from 821 to 2018 m asl with a mean value of 1570 ± 150 m asl. Seasonal isotopic variability during dry-wet transitions and the influence of rapid infiltration limited the performance of the MRE method in springs and boreholes. MREs coincided primarily with coniferous forests, pasture, and crop areas, within regions of moderate to high transmissivity. These results are intended to guide the mapping and delineation of critical recharge areas in central Honduras to enhance municipal water regulations, effective environmental protection, and long-term conservation practices.

Asunto(s)

Monitoreo del Ambiente , Agua Subterránea , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Honduras , Isótopos/análisis , Isótopos de Oxígeno/análisis , Ríos

RESUMEN

Groundwater pollution in tropical and human-altered coastal landscapes is receiving novel attention due to decreasing in annual recharge as a consequence of recurrent droughts and overexploitation, whereby saline intrusion, point and diffuse source contamination, and water conflicts are common denominators. This study presents a detailed groundwater evaluation in a coastal aquifer within the central Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Three sampling campaigns including major ions, heavy metals, and fecal coliform analyses were conducted between July 2013 and March 2014 across 17 wells within the alluvial and fissured units of the Jacó aquifer. The groundwater system is classified as mixed HCO3--Ca2+-Mg2+ type. Coliforms presence was found in two wells, nearby Mona Creek headwaters and near the coastal line. Heavy metal concentrations were below quantification limits in most of the wells; however, chromium concentrations up to 6.56 µg/L were quantified within the coastal line and central portion of the alluvial aquifer in 20 out of the 48 samples. The spatial distribution of major ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3-) exhibited an increasing trend towards the central portion of the alluvial aquifer, which may be potentially associated with the large unregulated urban expansion, invoking a need of a continuous water quality monitoring program in this touristic hot spot. This study provides useful information for other similar coastal aquifers in Central America, whereby increasing population growth and unregulated touristic, industrial, and agricultural activities are posing a truly challenge to ensure water security and sustainability parallel to the economic development in a changing climate.

Asunto(s)

Agua Subterránea/análisis , Agua Subterránea/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Agricultura , Costa Rica , Enterobacteriaceae , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Heces/microbiología , Agua Subterránea/microbiología , Humanos , Metales Pesados/análisis , Océano Pacífico , Microbiología del Agua , Calidad del Agua , Pozos de Agua

RESUMEN

Metallic nanorods are promising agents for a wide range of biomedical applications. We report an optical hyperthermia method capable of inducing slowdown tumor progression of an experimental in vivo CT-2A glioblastoma tumor. The tumor model used in this research is based on the transplantation of mouse astrocytoma CT-2A cells in the striatum of mice by intracranial stereotaxic surgery. Two weeks after cell implant, the resulting tumor is treated by irradiating intratumoral injected gold nanorods, biofunctionalized with CD133 antibody (B-GNRs), using a continuous wave laser. Nanoparticles convert the absorbed light into localized heat (reaching up to 44 °C) due to the effect of surface plasmon resonance. A significant slowdown in CT-2A tumor progression is evident, by histology and magnetic resonance imaging, at one (p = 0.03) and two weeks (p = 0.008) after irradiation treatment. A notable deceleration in tumor size (15%-75%) as compared to the control untreated groups, it is observed. Thus, laser irradiation of B-GNRs is found to be effective for the treatment of CT-2A tumor progression. Similarities between the pre-clinical CT-2A tumor model and the human astrocytoma disease, in terms of anatomy, metastatic behavior and histopathology, suggest that hyperthermic treatment by laser irradiation of B-GNRs administered into high-grade human astrocytoma might constitute a promising alternative treatment to limit the progression of this deadly disease.

Asunto(s)

Astrocitoma/terapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Oro/farmacología , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Nanotubos/química , Antígeno AC133/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno AC133/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/farmacología , Astrocitoma/inmunología , Astrocitoma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/inmunología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Oro/administración & dosificación , Oro/química , Humanos , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Rayos Láser , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Nanotubos/ultraestructura , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Resonancia por Plasmón de Superficie , Carga Tumoral/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

This study describes four multiple nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates recovered from infected larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on crops in two different geographical regions of Mexico. Molecular and biological characterization was compared with characterized S. exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) isolates from the United States (SeUS1 and SeUS2) and Spain (SeSP2). Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA confirmed that all Mexican isolates were SeMNPV isolates, but molecular differences between the Mexican and the reference isolates were detected using PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Amplification of the variable region V01 combined with RFLP distinguished the two Mexican isolates, SeSLP6 and SeSIN6. BglII digestions showed that the majority of the isolates contained submolar bands, indicating the presence of genetic heterogeneity. Amplification of the variable regions V04 and V05 distinguished between American and the Spanish isolates. Biological characterization was performed against two laboratory colonies of S. exigua, one from Mexico, and another from Switzerland. Insects from the Mexican colony were less susceptible to infection than insects from Se-Swiss colony. In the Se-Mex colony, SeSP2 was the most pathogenic isolate followed by SeSIN6, although their virulence was similar to most of the isolates tested. In Se-Swiss colony, similar LD50 values were observed for the five isolates, although the virulence was higher for the SeSLP6 isolate, which also had the highest OB (occlusion body) yield. We conclude that the Mexican isolates SeSIN6 and SeSLP6 possess insecticidal traits of value for the development of biopesticides for the control of populations of S. exigua.

Asunto(s)

ADN Viral/genética , Nucleopoliedrovirus/fisiología , Control Biológico de Vectores , Spodoptera/virología , Animales , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/virología , México , Nucleopoliedrovirus/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Spodoptera/crecimiento & desarrollo

RESUMEN

CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 55-year-old patient who pre- sented a pelvic mass, ascites and elevated serum CA125. Suspecting a malignant process she underwent surgery and a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpigo-oforectomy was performed. Pathologic report revealed a bilateral ovarian fibroma and non-tumoral ascites. The presence of elevated serum CA125 levels in a postmenopausal woman with a pelvic mass and ascites suggest an ovarian malignant disease. However, in case of Meigs'syndrome, all symptoms will diappear after removal of the pelvic tumor, so a fast surgical management of the patients is mandatory.

Asunto(s)

Fibroma/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Meigs/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Ascitis/etiología , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Femenino , Fibroma/patología , Fibroma/cirugía , Humanos , Histerectomía/métodos , Síndrome de Meigs/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Posmenopausia

RESUMEN

This study aims to verify the effects of coconut oil supplementation (COS) in the body composition and lipid profile of rats submitted to physical exercise. The animals (n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to: G1=Sedentary and Non-supplemented (Control Group), G2=Sedentary and Supplemented, G3=Exercised and Non-supplemented and G4=Exercised and Supplemented. The COS protocol used was 3 mL/Kg of body mass by gavage for 28 days. The physical exercise was the vertical jumping training for 28 days. It was determined the body mass parameters, Lee Index, blood glucose and lipid profile. The COS did not interfere with body mass, but the lean body mass was lower in G3 compared to G2. The final Lee Index classified G1 and G2 as obese (>30g/cm). The lipid profile showed total cholesterol was decreased in G3, LDL-c concentration was decreased in G2, triglycerides, VLDL-c and HDL-c concentrations were increased in G2 and G4 in relation to G1 and G3. The COS decreased LDL-c/HDL-c ratio. In conclusion, the COS associated or not to physical exercise worsen others lipid parameters, like triglycerides and VLDL-c level, showing the care with the use of lipid supplements.

Asunto(s)

Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Aceite de Coco/farmacología , Animales , Aceite de Coco/administración & dosificación , Lípidos/análisis , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Triglicéridos/análisis

RESUMEN

El término alergia alimentaria se refiere a los eventos adversos a alimentos originados por mecanismo inmunológico. La alergia alimentaria puede aparecer en cualquier etapa de la vida. Es un padecimiento que, en general, se manifiesta en el lactante por llanto excesivo, cólicos, vómitos, diarreas, acompañadas de sangre y eccema en la piel. El objetivo de la investigación es demostrar la sensibilización del lactante a los alérgenos alimentarios que recibió en el útero de la madre y a través de la lactancia materna exclusiva. La metodología fue reporte de un caso al que se le suspendió la lactancia materna exclusiva y se introdujo leche en polvo hipoalergénica Puramino. La IgE total fue de 1.136 kU/l y los valores de IgE alérgeno específico para leche, el huevo y el maní mayores de 100 kU/l y para el trigo 24,4 kU/l. Se concluye así que la leche de vaca, el huevo, el maní y el trigo pueden sensibilizar al niño durante el embarazo y a través del seno materno. El uso de una dieta hipoalergénica durante el período de lactante puede revertir el proceso.(AU)

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The term food allergy refers to adverse events caused by immunologic mechanism. Food allergy may appear at any stage of life, it is a condition that generally manifests itself in the baby's excessive crying, colic, vomiting, diarrhea accompanied by blood and skin eczema. The objective of the research is to demonstrate awareness infant to food allergens received in the mother's womb and through the exclusive breastfeeding. The methodology was a case report that was suspended exclusive breastfeeding and milk powder was introduced into hypoallergenic Puramino. The total IgE was 1.136 kU/L and allergen specific IgE values for milk, egg and peanut higher than 100 kU/L and wheat: 24. 4 kU/L. It is concluded that cow's milk, egg, peanuts and wheat can sensitize the child during pregnancy and through the womb. The use of a hypoallergenic diet during the infant can reverse the process.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Embarazo , Lactante , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Lactante , Arachis , Triticum , Lactancia Materna , Prueba de Radioalergoadsorción , Micronutrientes , Sustitutos de la Leche Humana , Sistema Inmunológico

RESUMEN

El tratamiento de la alergia alimentaria consiste en educar al paciente para evitar la ingestión y, cuando ello no es posible, emplear, entre otros procedimientos, la inmunoterapia con el alimento causal. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar evidencias sobre eficacia y seguridad de la inmunoterapia en alergia alimentaria y las vías recomendadas para su aplicación. Se accedió a las bases de datos con los descriptores inmunoterapia, alergia alimentaria, vías, desensibilización, eficacia y seguridad. La inmunoterapia oral (ITO) a partir de leche caliente por microondas fue eficaz con buen perfil de seguridad en niños con alergia a leche de vaca (ALV). La quimotripsina inhibe la formación de ßLg y es un nuevo candidato para la inmunoterapia oral en ALV. La ITO con leche y omalizumab ha demostrado mejoría significativa en las medidas de seguridad, pero no en los resultados de eficacia. ITO en niños con alergia al huevo desarrollan tolerancia disminuyendo el riesgo de reacciones alérgicas. También ha aumentado la tolerancia al huevo sin cocinar. En alergia al maní la ITO indujo desensibilización en niños y dio lugar a un aumento significativo en la tolerancia con buen perfil de seguridad. La coadministración del probiótico Lactobacillus rhamnosus a ITO con maní fue eficaz en la inducción de la falta de respuesta y cambios inmunes sostenidos. Se concluye que la ITO puede ser una vía eficaz y segura para la alergia a la leche, huevo y maní. Los protocolos muestran resultados diferentes en eficacia y seguridad, por lo que se requieren más ensayos clínicos.(AU)

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The treatment of food allergy is to educate the patient to avoid ingestion and, when it is not possible, to use, among other procedures, the immunotherapy with the offending food. The objective of this review is to present evidence on efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in food allergy and recommended for implementation pathways. It was accessed databases with describer's immunotherapy, food allergy, pathways, desensitization, efficacy and safety. The OIT from microwave hot milk was effective with good safety profile in children with CM. Chymotrypsin inhibits the formation of ßLg and is a new candidate for oral immunotherapy CM. The OIT with milk and omalizumab has shown significant improvement in security measures, but not in the efficacy results. OIT in children with egg allergy develop tolerance decreasing the risk of allergic reactions. It has also increased tolerance uncooked egg. In peanut allergy desensitization induced OIT in children and resulted in a significant increase in tolerance with good safety profile. The co-administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus with peanut OIT was effective in inducing immune unresponsiveness and sustained changes. It is concluded that the OIT can be an effective and safe for allergy to milk, egg and peanut route. Protocols show different results in efficacy and safety so more clinical trials are required.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Desensibilización Inmunológica , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Seguridad , Eficacia , Inmunoterapia

RESUMEN

Para evaluar la efi cacia y seguridad de la inmunoterapia subcutánea (ITSC) con extractos de ácaros, se realizó un ensayo clínico doble ciego controlado con placebo en 154 pacientes mayores de 18 años con rinoconjuntivitis alérgica y/o asma bronquial. La ITSC se administró en una fase de incremento de dosis durante 13 semanas y una fase de mantenimiento con inyecciones mensuales. Como placebo se dieron inyecciones de solución diluyente. Se evaluó la efi cacia según calidad de vida, consumo de medicamentos y frecuencia de las crisis. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios de calidad de vida para rinoconjuntivitis (RQLQ) y cuestionario de calidad de vida para asma (AQLQ). La seguridad se midió según eventos adversos locales y sistémicos. Concluyeron el estudio 136 pacientes (77 con tratamiento y 59 controles). En ambos grupos hubo incremento de la puntuación de los cuestionarios de calidad de vida, mayores en el grupo de estudio (p=0,010). El consumo de medicamentos descendió en rinoconjuntivitis y asma, tanto en el grupo de estudio como en el grupo placebo, sin diferencias signifi cativas entre ambos (p=0,083). La frecuencia de las crisis de rinitis y asma disminuyeron en la muestra, con más reducción en el grupo de tratamiento (p= 0,027). Se reportaron reacciones locales y sistémicas ligeras en ITSC, no así en el grupo placebo, p=0,0003. Los resultados revelan que la inmunoterapia subcutánea con ácaros es efi caz y segura en pacientes con rinoconjuntivitis alérgica y asma(AU)

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To evaluate the effi cacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was performed with mite extracts in 154 patient's 18-years elders, with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or bronchial asthma. The SCIT was administered in an increased dosage phase for a 13 week period followed by a maintenance phase with monthly injections. Diluted solution injections were given as placebo. Effi cacy was evaluated according to quality of life, medication use, and frequency of crisis. Rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) and asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) were applied. Safety was measured according to local and systemic adverse events. 136 patients completed the study (77 with SCIT and 59 with placebo). In both groups there was an increase in the score of quality of life questionnaires, score was higher in SCIT (p = 0.010). Medication use declined in both rhinitis and asthma in the SCIT group as in the placebo group with no signifi - cant difference between them (p=0,083). The frequency of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma crisis decreased in the study group, with a greater reduction in the treatment group (p=0.027). Slight local and systemic reactions were reported in SCIT, none in the placebo group, p=0.0003. The results indicate that subcutaneous immunotherapy with mites is effective and safe in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Inmunoterapia , Ácaros/inmunología , Asma , Conjuntivitis Alérgica , Rinitis

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of preoperative 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (3TmMRI) for local staging of prostate cancer and its influence on the decision to change the clinical target volume (CTV), total dose and hormonal therapy when treating prostate cancer patients with radiotherapy. METHODS: From 2009 to 2013, 150 patients, who had confirmed prostate cancer and underwent a 3TmMRI before treatment with radical prostatectomy or radical radiation therapy, were included. Radiation therapy treatment (CTV, total dose and hormonal therapy) was initially determined on the basis of the clinical information, and radiation therapy plan was reevaluated after 3TmMRI review. The value of preoperative 3TmMRI in local staging and in the decision of radiotherapy treatment according to NCCN risk classification was analyzed. RESULTS: 3TmMRI performed correct, over- and under staging in 78.7 % (37/47), 6.3 % (3/47), 14.8 % patients (7/47), respectively. 3TmMRI identified 6 cT2a, 7 cT2b, 28 cT2c, 3 cT3a, 3 cT3b tumors. At final pathology, 5 tumors were classified as pT2a, 5 as pT2b, 30 as pT2c, 4 as pT3a, 3 as pT3b. After reviewing the MRI reports, the initial radiotherapy and hormonal therapy plan was changed in 33.9 % patients (35/103). CONCLUSIONS: In our group of patients, 3TmMRI has been a reliable technique providing an optimal staging for prostate cancer. Its routine use could induce important changes in radiation therapy treatments in a significant number of such patients. However, more additional studies are needed to clarify this issue.

Asunto(s)

Adenocarcinoma/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Oncología por Radiación/métodos , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Currently, studies on serologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer (GC) in Latin America are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between H. pylori serology tests in patients with early precancerous lesions or GC, when compared with non-atrophic gastritis in Colombia, Paraguay, and Mexico, three countries in Latin America with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection but contrasting rates of GC mortality. METHODS: Gastric biopsies and blood samples were obtained from patients attending the gastroenterology or oncology services of hospitals in the three participating countries. IgG antibodies against H. pylori whole-cell antigens and CagA were tested in 1,117 sera using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. RESULTS: Positive and significant associations were shown for H. pylori seropositivity and preneoplastic lesions in Mexico (OR 2.0; 95 % CI 1.1-3.4) but not in Colombia (OR 1.2; 95 % CI 0.6-2.1) or Paraguay (OR 1.5; 95 % CI 0.6-3.2); no significant associations were shown for GC in any country. CagA seropositivity was associated with preneoplasic lesions in all three countries (ORs = 2.1, 3.0, and 3.1 for Mexico, Colombia, and Paraguay, respectively), and with GC only in Colombia (OR 4.3; 95 % CI 2.1-9.2). CONCLUSIONS: In countries of Latin America, the IgG CagA test might be a useful biomarker for patients with gastric preneoplastic lesions and for those at risk of developing gastric cancer.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Infecciones por Helicobacter/sangre , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Lesiones Precancerosas/sangre , Lesiones Precancerosas/microbiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangre , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Infecciones por Helicobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lesiones Precancerosas/epidemiología , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología

RESUMEN

Little is known about the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and subsequent development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3), particularly in women >30 years of age. This information is needed to assess the impact of HPV vaccines and consider new screening strategies. A cohort of 1728 women 15-85 years old with normal cytology at baseline was followed every 6 months for an average of 9 years. Women with squamous intraepithelial lesions were referred for biopsy and treatment. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the median duration of infection and Cox regression analysis was undertaken to assess determinants of clearance and risk of CIN2/3 associated with HPV persistence. No difference in the likelihood of clearance was observed by HPV type or woman's age, with the exception of lower clearance for HPV16 infection in women under 30 years of age. Viral load was inversely associated with clearance. In conclusion, viral load is the main determinant of persistence, and persistence of HPV16 infections carry a higher risk of CIN2/3.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/etiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Papillomavirus Humano 16/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Riesgo , Carga Viral

RESUMEN

The roots of Croton hirtus (Euphorbiaceae) collected in Paraiso, Cartago (Costa Rica) afforded, in addition to the few known metabolites, 20 new compounds: the bis-nor dolabradane 1, the dolabradanes 2 and 3, the kauranes 4-7, the cyclopropakauranes 8 and 9, the hirtusanes 10-15, the germacradiene esters 16-18 and the C-25 compound 21, presumably formed by a Diels-Alder reaction between compound 18 and a monoterpene. All structures were elucidated using high field 1D and 2D NMR techniques. MS fragmentation patterns are here reported. The absolute configurations of 4 and 9 were elucidated by using circular dichroism. The separation was performed with modern chromatographic technics.

Asunto(s)

Croton/química , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Raíces de Plantas/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Diterpenos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química

RESUMEN

Croton draco (Euphorbiaceae) from Guadalupe, San José, Costa Rica was collected in July 1992 and phytochemically studied (leaves, seeds, wood, bark, sap and flowers separately). Commonly known compounds such as 1-hydroxyjunenol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-methoxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol, the coumarin scopoletin, the nor-terpenoids 9-dehydrovomifoliol and 2,3-dihydrovomifoliol were obtained. Taspine, two aporphinic alkaloids, the diterpenes 9(11)-dehydrokaurenic acid, hardwikiic acid, the corresponding new 12-oxo derivative as well as five clerodanes and a phorbol ester were also isolated. Three clerodanes were not previously described and their NMR spectroscopical data and MS fragmentation patterns are reported.

Asunto(s)

Diterpenos , Euphorbiaceae , Plantas Medicinales

RESUMEN

Croton draco (Euphorbiaceae) from Guadalupe, San José, Costa Rica was collected in July 1992 and phytochemically studied (leaves, seeds, wood, bark, sap and flowers separately). Commonly known compounds such as 1-hydroxyjunenol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-methoxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol, the coumarin scopoletin, the nor-terpenoids 9-dehydrovomifoliol and 2,3-dihydrovomifoliol were obtained. Taspine, two aporphinic alkaloids, the diterpenes 9(11)-dehydrokaurenic acid, hardwikiic acid, the corresponding new 12-oxo derivative as well as five clerodanes and a phorbol ester were also isolated. Three clerodanes were not previously described and their NMR spectroscopical data and MS fragmentation patterns are reported.

Asunto(s)

Diterpenos/análisis , Euphorbiaceae/química , Plantas Medicinales/química

RESUMEN

Investigation of Podachaenium eminens afforded nine sesquiterpene lactones (Sls) from which costunolide, 7-hydroxycostunolide, santamarin as well as 3-chlorodehydroleucodin are new for this plant and 3,4-dehydro-4-dehydroxypodachaenin (= 3-costoyloxydehydroleucodin) is found for the first time in nature. All isolated Sls were studied for their anti-inflammatory activity using the transcription factor NF-kappa B as a molecular target. NF-kappa B is involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. Except for podachaenin, all compounds completely inhibited NF-kappa B DNA binding in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay at concentrations between 5 and 200 microM without showing any cytotoxic effects. 3,4-Epoxydehydroleucodin possessing an alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone and a second reactive structure element by its epoxy ring alpha,beta to a carbonyl group was most active. Although the majority of the Sls tested in this study were monofunctional only low concentrations of 50 microM were often needed for complete inhibition. Possible reasons are discussed for this result.

Asunto(s)

Asteraceae/química , Lactonas/farmacología , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sesquiterpenos/química , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Lactonas/química

RESUMEN

In Central America aerial parts of the Asteraceae Milleria quinqueflora are used in traditional medicine as a remedy for skin infections. Reinvestigation of this plant afforded thirteen sesquiterpene lactones (Sls), three of them are new. All isolated Sls were studied for their anti-inflammatory activity using the transcription factor NF-kappa B as molecular target. NF-kappa B is involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. NF-kappa B DNA binding was inhibited at micromolar concentrations by all Sls.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Asteraceae/química , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Plantas Medicinales , Sesquiterpenos/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , América Central , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/aislamiento & purificación , Lactonas/farmacología , Medicina Tradicional , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Fitoterapia , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología

RESUMEN

La disfunción del vaciamiento vesical por apertura inadecuada de la uretra en la mujer (Disinergia esfinteriana), es una de las causas más frecuentes de infección de vías urinarias, y es un trastorno que reúne aspectos de diagnóstico y tratamiento controvertidos. El diagnóstico de presunción debe apoyarse en la demostración de una obstrucción funcional al flujo urinario, por medio de historia clínica, exámenes de laboratorio, estudios radiológicos y estudio urodinámico. Se informa un nuevo procedimiento, denominado esdinterotomía endoscópica anteromedial con corte frío, para el tratamiento de la disinergia esfinteriana en la mujer. Se han sometido a esta técnica operatoria 58 pacientes, con un promedio de edad de 47.5 años. Son 40 pacientes las que se han sometido a seguimiento mínimo de seis meses (promedio 12 meses), y son las analizadas en este artículo. Antes de la operación, de la 40 pacientes 92 por ciento tenían más de 12 puntos en el índice de síntomas de la American Urological Association (AUA), y sólo los tenían 15 por ciento después de la misma (p< 0.01). El promedio del índice se disminuyó de 21 a 9 puntos (p< 0.01). Todas las pacientes tenían antecedentes de infección urinaria recurrente y posterior a la esfinterotomía, 721.5 por ciento se encontraban libres de infección. Los promedios de las tasas de flujo máximo y medio aumentaron de 23.1 a 32 ml/seg y de 10.4 a 14 ml/seg (p < 0.0001), respectivamente. Los promedios de orina residual, tiempo de vaciamiento, presión máxima del detrusor, longitud uretral funcional, y presión máxima de cierre uretral disminuyeron de 209 a 58 ml, de 50 a 34 segundos (p 0.01), de 57 a 34 cm H2O, de 32 a 24 mm (p< 0.001), y de 93 a 57 cm H2O (p< 0.0001), respectivamente, con una caída del promedio del área total de cierre uretral de 1627 a 797 mm/cm H2O (p< 0.001). Antes de la operación, 58 por ciento de las pacientes cursaba con algún tipo de incontinencia urinaria de grado variable, que sólo persistió en 30 por ciento de ellas después del procedimiento. Se realizó un procedimiento de uretrovesicosuspensión a ocho pacientes con incontinencia urinaria. La esfinterotomía endoscópica con corte frío es una alternativa razonable para el tratamiento de la obstrucción funcional en la mujer

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Esfinterotomía Endoscópica/métodos , Uretra/fisiopatología , Uretra/cirugía , Incontinencia Urinaria , Infecciones Urinarias/etiología

RESUMEN

We report two male adolescents who developed septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses after manipulation of a furuncle on the nasal dorsum. We noted in both patients, besides the clinical findings of a generalized infectious process, palpebral edema, proptosis, ptosis, altered pupillary reactivity and bilateral III, IV and VI nerve palsies, as well as dysfunction of the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve. One of the patients also had bacterial meningitis. Their cerebral angiograms demonstrated narrowing of the intracavernous portion of both internal carotid arteries. They improved with the antimicrobial treatment, but were left with ptosis and ocular palsies as sequelae. The adequate management of facial furuncle to prevent such a serious complication is emphasized.

Asunto(s)

Seno Cavernoso , Forunculosis/complicaciones , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/microbiología , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino