RESUMEN

AIMS: An important mechanism in alcohol-induced injury is biomolecular oxidative damage. Folic acid is supplied to chronic alcoholic patients in order to prevent this situation, as this is the main vitamin deficiency that they suffer from. Acute alcohol exposure, such as binge drinking, is one of the most widespread ethanol consumption models practiced by adolescents. However, there is no evidence of folic acid body profiles after this pattern of consumption. METHODS: Four groups of adolescent rats were used: control, alcohol (exposed to intraperitoneal binge drinking), control folic acid-supplemented group and alcohol folic acid-supplemented group. Folic acid levels, protein, lipid and DNA oxidative damage in serum, and liver glutathione (GSH) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) were measured. RESULTS: Binge-drinking rats had higher lipids and DNA oxidation levels. They also had lower hepatic GSH levels and GSH/GSSG ratio. Folic acid supplementation to binge-drinking rats does not change the serum protein oxidation but decreases lipid and DNA oxidation. Finally, GSH increased to control levels with folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: Folic acid supplementation is an economic and efficient therapy against the oxidative damage in lipids and mainly in DNA stability caused by binge drinking during adolescence. It has also been demonstrated that folic acid increases GSH levels, improving the antioxidant status and revealing a hepatoprotective effect during binge drinking.

Asunto(s)

Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/metabolismo , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento , Animales , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Ácido Fólico/uso terapéutico , Glutatión/metabolismo , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Ratas , Complejo Vitamínico B/sangre , Complejo Vitamínico B/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

AIMS: The principal aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the functions of the heart and the kidney and the possible modification of this effect by folic acid supplementation. Moreover, in order to find whether this oxidative profile affects cardiovascular function, parameters such as heart rate and glomerular filtration rate were also assessed. METHODS: Four experimental groups of rats were used: control, ethanol-exposed, control supplemented with folic acid and ethanol-exposed plus folic acid. Ethanol-exposed rats were subjected to a chronic ethanol treatment (2 months), in which the level of alcohol reaches 30% v/v. Diet and ethanol solution were provided ad libitum, and folic acid supplementation was 8 vs. 2 ppm. Energy intake, creatinine clearance and heart rate were determined. Antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid and protein peroxidation of the kidney and the heart were measured by the spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: Ethanol increases heart size and catalase (CAT) activity and decreases lipid peroxidation in heart without changing heart rate. However, in the kidney, ethanol decreases CAT activity, increases lipid peroxidation and decreases glomerular filtration rate. Folic acid supplementation avoids these situations; it does not, however, improve glomerular function. CONCLUSION: Chronic ethanol consumption has many effects on the antioxidant enzymatic activity of the heart and the kidney, leading to increased renal lipid peroxidation prevented by folic acid supplementation.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Etanol/farmacología , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Complejo Vitamínico B/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos , Etanol/metabolismo , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Corazón/fisiopatología , Riñón/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Miocardio/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas/análisis , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

AIMS: Chronic alcohol intake is related to hypertension. There are, however, few studies concerning the effect of ethanol upon hydric balance in relation to arterial pressure. Folic acid intake has beneficial effects upon the cardiovascular system decreasing hyperhomocysteinemia, however, more studies imply that it is related with other mechanisms. Therefore, we have studied the effects of chronic alcohol intake (30% v/v) upon hydric-saline balance and hypertension and have found that dietary supplementation with folic acid (8 mg/kg) improves the above parameters. MAIN METHODS: Our study used four experimental groups of rats: control, alcohol, alcohol with folic acid and control with folic acid. In all cases we measured the clearance of Na(+), K(+) and aldosterone; osmolarity in urine, liquid and solid ingestion; homocysteine levels in serum; cardiac frequency and arterial blood pressure. KEY FINDINGS: The alcohol intake increases serum aldosterone and homocysteine, which is reflected in an increase in arterial blood pressure. In addition, we have found that alcohol intake reduces both liquid and solid ingestion (causing a malnourishment status), the clearance of creatinine, aldosterone, Na(+) and K(+), and the ratio ClNa(+)/ClCr; it also increases urine osmolarity. Folic acid supplementation increases the clearance of Na(+) and the ratio ClNa(+)/ClCr. SIGNIFICANCE: Folic acid intake improves the hypertension provoked by alcohol by increasing the aldosterone clearance, drastically reducing the serum levels of this hormone and thus its hypertensor effect.

Asunto(s)

Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Trastornos Inducidos por Alcohol/tratamiento farmacológico , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Etanol/efectos adversos , Ácido Fólico/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Equilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/efectos de los fármacos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/fisiopatología , Trastornos Inducidos por Alcohol/complicaciones , Aldosterona/sangre , Aldosterona/orina , Animales , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Creatinina/sangre , Creatinina/orina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Hiperhomocisteinemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/inducido químicamente , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Potasio/sangre , Potasio/orina , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sodio/sangre , Sodio/orina

RESUMEN

AIM: The present study aims to compare selenium (Se) status in offspring rats born to selenium-deficient and selenium supplemented dams and to analyse Se's influence on intestinal parameters and the intestinal absorption of selenomethionine (Se-Met). MAIN METHODS: Male and female Wistar rats (150-200 g) were randomised in: control (C) (0.1 ppm Se), Se-deficient (SD) (0.01 ppm Se) and Se-supplemented (SS) (0.5 ppm Se) groups; and were mated to obtain their offspring. Se levels in serum, urine and faeces in offspring and in mothers' milk were measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Duodenal transport studies in offspring were performed using an in vivo perfusion of different Se-Met concentrations (2, 5, 10, 25, 75 and 150 µM). KEY FINDING: A Se-deficient diet provoked a decrease in the offspring's body weight and intestinal parameters, while the supplemented diet increased these values. Serum Se levels were similar between Se-deficient and control offspring because the urinary excretion of Se was smaller to compensate for Se homeostasis. Intestinal Se-Met absorption obeys the Michaelis-Menten equation with lower apparent constant (K(m)) and maximal velocity (V(max)) in the SD group. However, the C and SS groups presented similar K(m) and different V(max). The V(max) showed greater values in the following order of rank: SS>C>SD groups. SIGNIFICANCE: Selenium intake deficiencies in offspring lead to the development of compensatory mechanisms in order to normalise serum selenium levels. These mechanisms, however, do not permit normal body development; nor do they regulate intestinal parameters and Se-Met transport.

Asunto(s)

Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos/fisiología , Selenio/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Heces/química , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Selenio/análisis , Selenio/sangre , Selenio/orina , Selenometionina/farmacocinética , Espectrofotometría Atómica

RESUMEN

The levels of folic acid and selenium, two nutrients with antioxidant properties, decrease in dams exposed to ethanol during gestation and lactation. This decrease affects their antioxidant balance, and consequently the health of their offspring. In this study we have proved that a supplemented diet with Se (0.5 ppm) or with Se (0.5 ppm) plus folic acid (8 ppm) to ethanol-exposed (20%v/v) dams prevents the ethanol-provoked effects in their offspring's Se deposits. Se levels in milk, serum, urine, faeces and several tissues were measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results show that ethanol decreases Se deposits in pups' heart, liver, kidney and testes. However Se levels in pancreas and in serum were increased by ethanol; it also compromised the weight and the length of the offspring at the end of lactation. Our supplemented diets to ethanol dams increased all of these impaired levels, and restored Se pancreas concentration to a control status. However Se-only therapy mainly displaces Se to serum, kidney and spleen, and co-treatment with Se plus folic acid, mainly displaces Se to liver and brain. This data demonstrate that the qualitative and quantitative Se organ deposits depend on ethanol consumption, Se status, and the presence of other antioxidants.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/antagonistas & inhibidores , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/toxicidad , Etanol/antagonistas & inhibidores , Etanol/toxicidad , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Compuestos de Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/metabolismo , Animales , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Homeostasis/fisiología , Lactancia/fisiología , Masculino , Leche/química , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Selenio/análisis , Compuestos de Selenio/farmacocinética , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Distribución Tisular

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Nutrients such as folic acid and selenium are decreased in dams exposed to ethanol during gestation and lactation, affecting their metabolism, antioxidant balance, and the future health of their progeny. We will study whether the supplementation of the maternal diet with folate and selenium can prevent ethanol-induced oxidative liver disorders in the offspring. METHODS: Dams were randomised into four groups: control, alcohol, alcohol+folic acid+Se, and control+folic acid+Se. We determined selenium by graphite-furnace atomic absorption and antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl by spectrophotometry in the offspring. RESULTS: Alcohol increased serum Se levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. However, in the liver of pups from ethanol-exposed dams a decrease in selenium was provoked and GPx activity increased with the double supplementation. Glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities increased with ethanol, while double supplementation significantly decreased the GR activity. The supplemented diet reduced the protein peroxidation found in ethanol pups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that folic acid+Se could be effective in neutralising the damage of ethanol consumption in pups since it prevents peroxidation protein products.

Asunto(s)

Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Etanol/efectos adversos , Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal/prevención & control , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificación , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales Recién Nacidos/metabolismo , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal/etiología , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/metabolismo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/prevención & control , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

Ethanol consumption affects maternal nutrition and antioxidant status together with the future health of their progeny. Selenium (Se) is a trace element with antioxidant activity; we will study the effect of ethanol in dams on Se bioavailability, antioxidant balance and gestational parameters. We also will study if a Se-supplemented diet (0.5 ppm) administered to ethanol-exposed dams avoids the undesirable effects provoked by ethanol. We have used four experimental groups: control (C); chronic ethanol (A); control+Se (CS) and chronic ethanol+Se (AS). Se levels in serum, urine, faeces, and several tissues were measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was determined by spectrometry. Se bioavailability is altered by ethanol, causing a decrease in Se retention, reducing Se levels in cortex, muscle, mammary gland and salivary gland while elevating Se values in heart, liver and spleen. On the other hand, Se supplementation increases some of these parameters. Serum GPx activity was decreased by ethanol, while a Se-supplemented diet restores these values to those found in controls. We have demonstrated that ethanol decreased Se retention in dams, affecting their tissues' Se deposits, decreasing GPx activity in serum, gestational parameters and the weight of their progeny. Selenite supplementation counteracts these decreasing effects, except in cortex.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/toxicidad , Etanol/toxicidad , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Selenito de Sodio , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Femenino , Lactancia/metabolismo , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Selenito de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Selenito de Sodio/farmacocinética , Distribución Tisular/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Ethanol ingestion is known to interfere with folate absorption and metabolism. A fostering/crossfostering analysis of maternal ethanol exposure effects on jejunum and ileum kinetic parameters in vivo of offspring rat folic acid absorption at 21 days postpartum was carried out. The rats were divided into four groups: CP, control pups; GP, pups exposed to ethanol only during gestation; LP, pups exposed to ethanol only during lactation; GLP, pups exposed to ethanol during gestation and lactation. Jejunal and ileal loop transport studies were performed using in vivo perfusion at a flow rate of 3 ml/min for 5 min. Folic acid concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.5 microM: were used. Jejunal and ileal absorption values were determined by the difference between the initial and the final amounts of substrate in the perfusate and expressed as picomoles per square centimeter of intestinal surface every 5 min. The results indicated that ethanol consumption by the dams during gestation and/or lactation led to significant changes in V(max), with no significant changes in apparent K(m). These findings suggest that exposure to ethanol during gestational and suckling periods leads to a general delay in postnatal body weight and that intestinal folate absorption appears to be upregulated in suckling rats, this effect being higher in the LP group.

Asunto(s)

Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/metabolismo , Etanol/toxicidad , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Preñez/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Transporte Biológico Activo/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Cinética , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Lactancia/metabolismo , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Leche/metabolismo , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

AIMS: The aim of this study was to study the reverse effect of folic acid administered during gestation and lactation to ethanol-treated dams, on cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic exocrine secretion in offspring rats. METHODS: Animals were randomized into three groups: Control group (C) received water and basic diet during pregnancy and lactation period; ethanol-treated rats (E) received ethanol and basic diet; the ethanol+folic acid group (EF) received folic acid supplement concomitantly with ethanol administration. RESULTS: Body and pancreatic weight was lower in offsprings after ethanol treatment. Folic acid supplementation increased these parameters with respect to ethanol rats. After CCK stimulation, a significant decrease in amylase, lipase and chymotrypsin activities in the duodenal juice were detected in ethanol, this trend was partially corrected with folate supplementation. CONCLUSION: Ethanol exerts its action on exocrine pancreatic secretion by two pathways: 'per se' and diminishing the folic acid content, because a folic acid supplement in rats during pregnancy and lactation periods produces an advantageous effect on amylase, lipase and chymotrypsin secretion in their offspring. Although extrapolation from animal studies may be tenuous, the present findings may explain the use of folic acid in the prevention of ethanol-induced damage by increasing the enzyme levels to adequate physiological concentrations.

Asunto(s)

Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Colecistoquinina/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Páncreas Exocrino/efectos de los fármacos , Amilasas/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta , Duodeno/metabolismo , Femenino , Lactancia , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas Exocrino/enzimología , Páncreas Exocrino/metabolismo , Potasio/metabolismo , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sodio/metabolismo

RESUMEN

AIMS: The effect of ethanol consumption, either during the pregnancy or lactation period, on the altered metabolism of zinc is not well-defined; consequently, this study was performed to analyze the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on milk consumption, serum, milk, duodenal absorption, fecal and urinary excretion of zinc in dams and offspring during either gestation or lactation in the rat. A complementary study was performed regarding pregnancy outcome. We evaluated testosterone values, the offspring born/litter and several indices such as fertility, viable gestations and the survival index. METHODS: To study the effect of chronic alcoholism during gestation or lactation separately, at birth control newborns were cross-fostered to ethanol dams (ED), and the offspring issued from the ethanol treated mothers were cross-fostered to control dams (CD). Thus, three experimental groups of offspring were formed: (i) control offspring receiving no treatment (CO); (ii) offspring exposed to ethanol only during gestation (GO); and (iii) offspring exposed to ethanol only during lactation (LO). All the results were compared with offspring pair-fed groups (PFO) born of the pair-fed dams (PFD). RESULTS: Duodenal absorption of zinc increased significantly in LO offspring when the substrate concentrations in the perfusion medium were 25, 75, and 150 microM. A higher faecal excretion in GO pups compared with those with LO exposure and control groups (CO and PFO). The urine excretion of zinc was higher for LO offspring with respect to the other three experimental groups (CO, GO, and PFO). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal adaptation resulted in zinc retention, adequate to meet the demands of pup's growth in the face of a lower diet intake. The zinc status in pups is regulated by a higher absorption of zinc and intestinal conservation of endogenous fecal zinc after postnatal ethanol consumption. The increase in urinary zinc excretion could be responsible for decreased serum zinc. However, we found an increase in serum zinc probably due to an increase in the zinc absorption values.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Etanol/toxicidad , Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal/fisiopatología , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Lactancia , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Zinc/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Duodeno/efectos de los fármacos , Duodeno/fisiopatología , Femenino , Absorción Intestinal/fisiología , Masculino , Tasa de Depuración Metabólica/fisiología , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Zinc/deficiencia

RESUMEN

This study was designed to examine the effects of ethanol withdrawal on offspring rats that consumed ethanol during gestation and lactation, in order to examine whether there was an improvement in pancreatic trypsinogen and lipase activities at 2 months postpartum with respect to offspring that fed on ethanol until death. A second purpose for our study was to determine if a folic acid supplement during gestation and lactation was sufficient or insufficient to reverse the negative effects of ethanol consumption. Both genders were used with the aim of investigating any differential pancreatic behaviour. The animals were randomized into five groups: the control group (CG) received water and a basic rat diet during pregnancy, lactation and growth; the ethanol group (EG) was fed an ethanol diet during pregnancy, the suckling period and growth until death; the ethanol-water group's (E+WG) ethanol was eliminated after lactation; The ethanol-folic acid group (E+FG) received a folic acid supplemented diet during pregnancy and the suckling period and in the ethanol+folic acid group (E+FG+FG) this supplementation continued during growth. Our results showed that ethanol administration or ethanol withdrawal did not significantly alter lipase activity in the pancreas. Ethanol administration decreased trypsinogen levels in the pancreas of males and females. However, in males, as opposed to females, the withdrawal of ethanol did not recover the values of pancreatic trypsinogen content, nor did a folic acid supplementation significantly alter the parameters we studied. Our treatment produced no effect on lipase levels. There was a gender-related difference in pancreatic trypsinogen content, the implication being that in future all results on exocrine pancreas function in male and female animals should be analysed separately.

Asunto(s)

Delirio por Abstinencia Alcohólica/enzimología , Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal/enzimología , Páncreas/enzimología , Tripsinógeno/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Lipasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Pruebas de Función Pancreática , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores Sexuales

RESUMEN

A fostering/crossfostering analysis of the effects of maternal ethanol exposure on jejunal and ileal folate absorption was performed. Male and female rats were randomized into two groups. In the first group, ethanol-treated rats received ad libitum 5, 10 and 15% ethanol in the drinking fluid during three successive weeks. A consumption of 20% was maintained in this group for 5 additional weeks. Ethanol-treated rats were mated. Group 2 served as the control. To study the effect of chronic alcoholism during lactation or gestation separately, at birth (2nd day postpartum) control newborns were cross-fostered to ethanol dams (EG), and the pups issued from the ethanol treated mothers were cross-fostered to control dams (CG). Thus, three experimental groups of pups were formed: (1) control pups receiving no treatment during gestation and lactation (CG); (2) pups exposed to ethanol only during gestation (GG); and (3) pups exposed to ethanol only during lactation (LG). At 21 days postpartum the jejunal and distal ileum folate absorption was determined in the offspring rats by a perfusion technique. Milk folic acid levels were determined by an immunoluminometric assay. The results showed an increase in jejunal folic acid absorption in offsprings exposed to ethanol only during the lactation period (LG). However, in pups exposed to ethanol only during the gestation period (GG), the jejunal folic acid absorption was significantly increased only at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5 microM. No free folic acid absorption occurred in the distal ileum of control pups (CG) at day 21 at all assayed concentrations but in offsprings exposed to ethanol only during the gestation or lactation periods absorption did take place. Pups exposed to ethanol during the gestation period (GG) showed decreased values in ileum folic acid absorption at the lowest assayed concentration (0.25 microM) compared to values obtained for pups exposed to ethanol only during lactation (LG). Milk folic acid levels were significantly decreased in the ethanol-fed dams on day 21 of lactation. These results indicate that exposure of rats to ethanol during the lactation period affects more severely postnatal development of intestinal functions than ethanol exposure only during gestation. In summary, both the exposure to ethanol itself and the decrease in folic acid intake caused alterations in the function of the intestinal mucosa in the offspring, which in turn altered absorption time and development. However, the present results do not explain how ethanol stimulated intestinal absorption of folic acid in pups exposed to ethanol during the gestation or lactation periods. Further studies are needed.

Asunto(s)

Animales Lactantes , Etanol/toxicidad , Ácido Fólico/farmacocinética , Lactancia , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Administración Oral , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/análisis , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Leche/química , Embarazo , Ratas , Abastecimiento de Agua

RESUMEN

In this article, we study the effects of ethanol intake during pregnancy and lactation on hepatic and pancreatic elongation factor-2 (EF-2) of 21 d old progeny. At the same time, the effect of ethanol on the level of other relevant hepatic proteins was determined using proteomic analysis. The results show that ethanol not only produces a general increase of protein oxidation, but also produces an important depletion of EF-2 and several other proteins. Among the hepatic proteins affected by ethanol, the concomitant supplementation with folic acid to alcoholic mother rats prevented EF-2, RhoGDI-1, ER-60 protease, and gelsolin depletion. This protective effect of folic acid may be related to its antioxidant properties and suggests that this vitamin may be useful in minimizing the effect of ethanol in the uterus and lactation exposure of the progeny.

Asunto(s)

Etanol/farmacología , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Hígado/metabolismo , Factor 2 de Elongación Peptídica/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Carbono/química , Cisteína Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Etanol/química , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Gelsolina/metabolismo , Masculino , Exposición Materna , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Embarazo , Preñez , Proteoma , Ratas , Factores de Tiempo , Útero/metabolismo

RESUMEN

In this paper we show the protective effect of folic acid on oxidative stress in offspring caused by chronic maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy and the lactation period. Glutathione reductase (GR) specific activity was assayed in liver and pancreas of offspring and mothers. In the offspring, these tissues were also assayed for markers of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. The results show that ethanol exposure during pregnancy and lactation increased the specific activity of GR in tissues of the mothers (32-34% increase) as well as in the liver of their progeny (24%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also increased in the liver and pancreas of 21-day-old rats (37- and 54%, respectively). Alcohol also increased the amount of carbonyl groups in proteins in both tissues. These measures of ethanol-mediated oxidative stress were mitigated when pregnant rats were treated with folic acid concomitantly to ethanol administration. The antioxidant capacity of folic acid seems to be involved in its protective effect. The results obtained in the present work suggest that folic acid may be useful in the prevention of damage and promotion of health of the progeny of ethanol-treated rats.

Asunto(s)

Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal/prevención & control , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Lactancia , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/toxicidad , Femenino , Glutatión Reductasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/metabolismo , Embarazo , Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

The effect of ethanol exposure on the fatty acid composition of brown and white adipose tissue in three successive rat progenies at the end of an experimental period (24 weeks) was studied. Ethanol-treated rats received a standard rat chow diet and 5, 10 and 15% ethanol in the ad libitum drinking fluid over 3 successive weeks. Then a concentration of 20% ethanol was maintained for 5 additional weeks up to the end of the experimental period. The males and females in the ethanol treated group were mated to obtain the 1st generation of offspring. Then female and male rats from the 1st generation were mated to obtain the 2nd generation. Finally, males and females from the 2nd generation were mated to obtain the 3rd generation of ethanol treated rats. Another group served as control and received only water and a standard rat chow diet. The control group was handled in the same way as the other experimental groups. In the 1st and 2nd generations the percentage of stearic acid (18:0) decreased and palmitoleic (16:1n7) and oleic acid (18:1n9) increased in both adipose tissues of ethanol-treated rats with respect to control. Additionally, n-3 and n-6 series were reduced both in brown and white adipose tissues. In the 3rd generation the fatty acid composition of the white adipose tissue was similar to that of control rats. Thus, no significant difference in essential fatty acids and oleic acid (18:1n9) were found. However, the fatty acid composition of the brown adipose tissue, in the 3rd generation, was similar to that observed in the 1st and 2nd generation. Thus, a decrease in essential fatty acids and an increase in oleic acid (18:1n9) was found. This suggests adaptation to ethanol consumption during successive progenies in white adipose tissue. However, in brown adipose tissue the values indicate a triglyceride storing during the thermogenesis, which is more important to newborns.

Asunto(s)

Tejido Adiposo Pardo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Esenciales/metabolismo , Ácido Oléico/metabolismo , Adaptación Fisiológica , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Pardo/metabolismo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Animales , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cruzamiento , Etanol/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6 , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

The aim of this work was to study intestinal absorption, using the whole intestine in vivo with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF), and the subsequent appearance of this compound in the bile, in control and in ethanol-fed rats. The ethanol-fed rats drank ethanol (5 to 30% vol/vol) in tap water for 5 wk. A consumption of 30% was maintained in this group for 20 additional weeks. The two groups of rats were cannulated at the beginning and at the end of the intestine. Three solutions containing 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 microM of cold 5MTHF and 14C-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (0.01 microCi/mL) in each were perfused throughout the intestine at a flow rate of 4.5 mL/min. The absorption of folate was calculated from the difference between concentrations at the beginning and at the end of the perfusion. A decrease in 5MTHF uptake was observed at the concentration of 1.0 microM (p<0.05): however, folate absorption was not significantly modified at 0.5 and 2.5 microM in the perfusate. Serum folate levels were significantly lower in the ethanol-fed rat group. This fact could be due to a lower intake of folate in the diet and/or to the effect of alcohol on the intestinal absorption. The bile duct was isolated and cannulated with a polyethylene cathether. No significant differences were noted in the biliary folates between the control and the ethanol-fed rats.

Asunto(s)

Bilis/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/toxicidad , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tetrahidrofolatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Bilis/química , Bilis/metabolismo , Cateterismo , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Ácido Fólico/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Perfusión , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tetrahidrofolatos/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

This study was designed to examine the effects of supplementation with folic acid and amino acids in dams that consumed ethanol during gestation and lactation to see whether there is an improvement in the intestinal absorption of zinc in pup rats on the 21st day after birth. The rats were randomized into two groups: Ethanol-rats (EG) were administered ethanol during the pregnancy and lactation periods; the ethanol-folic acid group (EFG) received a folic acid and amino acid supplement concomitantly with ethanol administration during pregnancy and lactation. The dams were mated to obtain the first offspring. Two sets of experiments were performed on the offspring at 21 days after birth. In general, in the first set, jejunal zinc absorption in the offspring of EG and EFG groups showed a gradual increase along with increased perfusion time at all assayed concentrations. Jejunal zinc absorption expressed as nmol/intestinal surface was higher in the ethanol-folic acid group than in ethanol animals at all assayed concentrations except at 25 microM concentration. In the second set of experiments, distal ileum zinc absorption in the offspring of ethanolfolic acid dams showed a significant increase at all concentrations tested. These results indicate that supplementation of folic acid and amino acids to dams that consume ethanol during gestation and lactation increase serum and milk zinc levels, although the zinc ingestion is lower. In pups of the supplemented dams, the jejunal and ileal absorption of zinc increased; as a consequence, the serum zinc levels increased. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, a metaloenzyme dependent on zinc levels, also increased.

Asunto(s)

Aminoácidos/farmacología , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Hematínicos/farmacología , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Zinc/farmacocinética , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Lactancia , Masculino , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Ratas

RESUMEN

This study was designed to examine the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure of ethanol in the in vivo absorption of free folic acid in the small intestine in pups rats at the 21st day after birth. The rats were accustomed to increasing amounts of ethanol (5 to 20%, vol/vol) in tap water for 1 month. During pregnancy and suckling period, ethanol-fed dams were assigned again to ethanol 20% in drinking water. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first set, jejunal free folic acid absorption in control group and litters nursed by dams receiving ethanol showed a gradual increase along with the increase of perfusion time at all the assayed concentrations. In general, in litters of ethanol-fed dams, jejunal free folic acid absorption expressed as nmol/intestinal surface, nmol/g tissue wet weight and nmol/g tissue dry weight were higher than in control animals. In the second set of experiments, in distal ileum loops, free folic acid absorption did not occur in control pups, but appeared in litters exposed to ethanol. Milk folic acid levels are significantly decreased in ethanol-treated dams. However, only a slight decrease in the serum folic acid levels occurs in litters of ethanol-fed dams. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present work suggested a different pattern of free folic acid absorption in distal ileum for the two groups. The exposure of rats to ethanol during the pregnancy and suckling period, can affect postnatal development of intestinal functions and could play a role in the genesis of malnutrition observed in the infant.

Asunto(s)

Etanol/toxicidad , Ácido Fólico/farmacocinética , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/metabolismo , Yeyuno/efectos de los fármacos , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Leche/metabolismo , Trastornos Nutricionales/etiología , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Ratas

RESUMEN

This study sought to determine the intestinal in vivo absorption of folic acid by the whole intestine, and the appearance of this compound in bile in control and ethanol-fed rats. Intestinal folic acid absorption in rats with the bile duct cannulated decreased in ethanol-fed rats with respect to control rats. This difference was significant at 1 and 2.5 microM concentrations of folic acid. This result is in contrast with previous work in our laboratory on rats with intact bile ducts, where ethanol-fed rats had an increase in folic acid absorption. The results obtained in the present work suggest an impaired enterohepatic recycling of folic acid in ethanol-fed rats.

Asunto(s)

Circulación Enterohepática , Ácido Fólico/farmacocinética , Absorción Intestinal , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Bilis/química , Bilis/efectos de los fármacos , Bilis/fisiología , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/administración & dosificación , Circulación Enterohepática/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fólico/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

This study was designed to examine the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure of ethanol in the in vivo absorption of zinc in the small intestine in newborn rats at the 21st day after birth. The rats were accustomed to increasing amounts of ethanol (5 to 20%, vol/vol) in tap water for 1 month. During pregnancy and suckling period, ethanol-fed dams were assigned again to ethanol 20% in drinking water. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first set, jejunal zinc absorption in control group and litters nursed by dams receiving ethanol showed a gradual increase along with the increase of perfusion time at all the assayed concentrations. In general, in litters of ethanol-fed dams, jejunal zinc absorption expressed as nmol/intestinal surface was higher than in control animals. In the second set of experiments, distal ileum zinc absorption in offspring of ethanol-fed dams showed a significantly decrease at all concentrations tested. The results showed that intestinal parameters measured in jejunum and distal ileum of litters exposed to ethanol were always significantly less than in control newborn. These results indicate that exposure of rats to ethanol during the pregnancy and suckling period, may affect postnatal development of intestinal functions and decrease the distal ileum zinc absorption in pups at the end of the lactation period.

Asunto(s)

Etanol/administración & dosificación , Absorción Intestinal , Zinc/farmacocinética , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Íleon/metabolismo , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Zinc/sangre