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DNA level measured by flow cytometry and estrogen and progesterone receptors assayed in tissue samples obtained from 85 malignant and 16 benign lesions of the breast. All the benign tumors revealed 2c DNA content and most of them were receptor-negative, while 74.1% of breast carcinomas displayed aneuploidy. Three patients (3.5%) had two lines of aneuploid cells. Many aneuploid tumors were receptor-negative. Preoperative radiation treatment (14-20 Gy) did not significantly influence the level of steroid hormone receptors in tumors. Estrogen receptor level was higher in menopausal patients than in premenopausal ones.

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Estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels were measured in 216 endometrial adenocarcinomas. Tumors containing more than 10 fmol/mg protein (for ER) and 20 fmol/mg (for PR) were considered receptor-positive. Tumors were both ER- and PR-positive in 75%. In stage I and II tumors, ER and PR levels were significantly higher than in stages III and IV. A similar relationship was established for minor (not deeper than 0.5 cm) and considerable involvement (deeper than 0.5 cm). There was an inverse correlation between ER and PR levels and ER- and PR-positive tumors incidence, on the one hand, and anaplasia, on the other. Adjuvant progestin therapy proved ineffective in tumors with a PR level under 100 mol/mg protein.

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Clinical course of 77 surgical cases of cancer of the large bowel was evaluated versus levels of estrogen, androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid hormone receptors. Within the follow-up period (range 6-41 months), 7 (9%) patients died of tumor progression, 16 (21%) developed recurrence or metastases, while the rest 54 (70%) cases continued in remission. Patients with steroid hormone receptor-positive tumors revealed more favorable clinical course as well as longer disease-free and overall survival than cases of receptor-negative cancer. Estrogen receptor status was found to be of the highest prognostic value in terms of clinical course and survival, as compared to all other hormone receptors studied.

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Estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor levels were assayed in 70 malignant epithelial ovarian tumors from untreated patients and in 23 malignancies from those receiving preoperative chemotherapy. Both PR+ and AR+ frequency and their mean levels in tumor were found to be relatively lower after preoperative chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of receptor status in tumor was identified: the efficacy of combined chemotherapy in PR- and RA- tumor patients was much lower as compared with PR+ and RA+ tumors; a 2-year recurrence-free survival of 12.5% and median duration of remission of 6 months were observed in the former group, while in the latter the disease-free survival rate was as high as 66.7%, and a median duration of remission had not been reached at 24 months of follow-up.

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A study was made of the content of the steroid and peptide hormones in the blood of 115 patients with Stage III a,b,c breast cancer (54 patients at the reproductive age and 61 in the menopause) before treatment and during radio- and chemotherapy. A group of healthy women (28 with preserved menstruation and 20 in the menopause) was taken as controls. Data on the concentration of the steroid hormones in the patients' blood were compared with the presence of the respective receptors in tumor. Before treatment a significant rise of the estradiol concentration was noted in the blood of the menopause patients, that of prolactin both in the menopause patients and in the patients with preserved menstruation. A raised testosterone concentration was also noted in the patients with preserved menstruation. After radiotherapy the blood prolactin level, particularly in the patients with preserved menstruation, increased more than 2-fold. There was no correlation between the levels of the steroid and peptide hormones during therapy and its efficacy. The prolactin level can be used as a criterion of the efficacy of antitumor therapy, its stable rise in operated patients during therapy being an unfavorable prognostic sign.

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Estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor levels were assayed in cytosols of primary tumor in 132 patients with breast cancer. Concomitant diseases of the liver and bile ducts were detected in 13 of them. Patients with concomitant hepatic pathology showed a relatively lower percentage of tumors bearing receptors of the above steroid hormones. This was matched by a significant reduction in the level of progesterone receptors. The frequency of identification of receptors of both estrogens and progesterone in tumor in cases of concomitant hepatic pathology was three times less than in those free from it.

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The content of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), the proliferative pool level in the tumour tissue were investigated in 6 patients with the disseminated breast tumour before and after 9-day treatment with tamoxifen and chlorotrianisene for intensification of the effect of cytostatic preparations. A significant increase of the DNA synthesis intensity and proliferative pool value is observed in ER+ tumours of 2 patients. An increase of the PR level in tumour biopsies was registered in 2 patients. A decrease of the ER+ level was detected in ER+ tumours in all three patients.

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Estradiol and progesterone receptor levels were measured in 130 patients with stage III breast tumors before treatment and following preoperative radiation or chemotherapy. The data were evaluated versus the morphologic features of posttreatment pathomorphosis of tumor. Standard fractionated radiation (total dose of 70 Gy) was followed by pronounced postradiation pathomorphosis and a decrease in the level and incidence of steroid receptors in 72.7-87.5%. The essentially unchanged receptor profile of tumor following large-fraction (total dose-20 Gy) irradiation as well as presence of estradiol and progesterone receptors in the originally receptor-negative neoplasms after chemotherapy were matched by a slight degree of pathomorphosis.

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The content of estrogen (ER) and progesteron receptors (PR) were studied as related to histological type, the degree of malignancy and growth rate of spontaneous canine mammary carcinomas. No correlation was found between the ER and PR amount, histological type and degree of malignancy. Inverse correlation was detected between ER and PR and the growth rate. These results correspond to those obtained for human mammary tumours. Therefore canine mammary carcinomas can be considered as an adequate model for experimental therapy of this type of tumours.

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An increased androgen binding capacity of cytoplasmic protein receptors matched by relative hyperandrogenism was observed in the blood serum of animals showing incipient precancerous changes due to methylcholanthrene treatment. Activated forms of lymphocytes and their production of immunoglobulins were registered locally. Absolute hyperandrogenism occurred at later stages, viz. in the course of the development of pretumorous and tumor processes in the larynx. The results suggest that laryngeal carcinogenesis induced by methylcholanthrene shifts rat's hormonal profile towards hyperandrogenism, which seems to be responsible for the development of precancerous and tumor processes in the organ at later stages.

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The levels of estrogen, progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were assayed in 70 malignant epithelial tumors of human ovaries. The percentage of progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptor-positive tumors was significantly higher in reproductive patients than in menopausal ones. Well-differentiated serous cystadenocarcinomas showed a higher level of progesterone receptors than those characterized by poor differentiation of cells. It was found that steroid hormone receptor profile of primary tumor may be determined in its metastases into the greater omentum whenever tumor cannot be removed. In cases of preoperative chemotherapy, the percentage of receptor-positive ovarian tumors was lower.

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The levels of estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors were assayed in samples obtained by trepanobiopsy before surgery and in resected material following chemo- and radiation therapy of 94 patients with stage IIIa, b, and c breast cancer. The biopsy levels and distribution of receptors were shown to be in agreement with those in the resected material from patients with malignancies of the same stage who, however, did not receive preoperative combined therapy. It is inferred that breast tumor biopsies may be used to determine receptor status. Radiation therapy was found to influence the level of steroid hormone receptors, the effect being determined by dosage and after exposure period.

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Long-term administration of tamoxifen (3-5 months) in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg to guinea-pigs with estrogen-induced benign uterine tumors had no toxic effects on the animals. Tamoxifen caused no noticeable changes in the ovarian mass, however, 40% of the guinea-pigs manifested ovulation suppression. Analysis of vaginal smears showed that most animals were in the stage of unestrus. Long-term administration of tamoxifen alone did not lead to the development of uterine polyps or tumors. Tamoxifen alone or combined with synestrol provoked a marked decrease in the level of free cytoplasmic estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors in the uterines of the guinea-pigs. In the course of long-term administration of tamoxifen alone, a tendency towards progesterone receptor decrease in the uterus was demonstrated.

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The levels of receptors of estrogens, progesterone and glucocorticoids were measured in the cytosols of 400 breast tumors at early (242) and advanced (158) stage of development. No significant differences were found in the receptor status of tumor in cases of early and advanced stage, untreated before surgery. Preoperative chemo- and chemohormonotherapy resulted in a lower percentage of tumors containing all three types of receptors and a higher percentage of tumors in which neither of the three types of receptors were found. Radiation therapy produced a similar effect. Relapse was observed in 53 cases (13%) during a follow-up from 2 months to 3 years. Patients with tumors which contained estrogen receptors revealed a tendency for increased free interval, as compared with those in which receptors were not identified. This tendency was particularly pronounced in cases of advanced tumor, untreated before surgery.

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The levels of estradiol-17 beta, progesterone and glucocorticoids were assayed in tumor tissues from 41 patients with benign breast tumors. Histologically, 21 tumors were identified as fibroadenomas of various types, 14--as fibrous-cystic non-proliferative mastopathy and 6--proliferative mastopathy. Tumor tissue contained estradiol receptors in 51% of cases, all three types of receptors--in 7% and none of the receptors was found in 29% of tumors. The levels of estrogen and glucocorticoids in cases of benign tumors were lower than those in cancer patients. However, in proliferative fibrous-cystic mastopathy group, estrogen receptor level was higher than in the other two groups.

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