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Maropitant, an antagonist of neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors, blocks the pharmacological action of substance P on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The objective of this study was to compare the antinociceptive and cardiorespiratory effects of the continuous intraoperative infusion of maropitant with ketamine and lidocaine in female dogs undergoing unilateral radical mastectomy. Twenty-four female dogs were used and were divided randomly into two groups (n = 12). The GLK group received ketamine bolus (1.0 mg/kg), lidocaine bolus (1.5 mg/kg), and continuous infusion of ketamine and lidocaine (10 mcg/kg/min and 50 mcg/kg/min), respectively; the GLKM group received the same anesthetic protocol combined with maropitant bolus (1.5 mg/kg/IV) and continuous infusion of maropitant (100 mcg/kg/h). Continuous infusion was initiated at the start of surgery and was maintained until 1 hour postoperatively. Pain was evaluated in the postoperative period using four scales and a digital analgesimeter. Data were analysed using analysis of variance, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Friedman's test (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves were compared using the log-rank test. The results indicated lower pain scores, better survival curves with a lower number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, and lower peripheral sensitization, in the GLKM group than in the GLK group. It was concluded that the coadministration of maropitant with ketamine and lidocaine had an adjuvant effect with minimal cardiorespiratory effects and effective analgesia, improving pain management and patient comfort.

RESUMEN

This study aimed to determine the erythrocyte phenotypes of the feline AB system and to check the presence of antigens other than those present in the feline AB system in domestic cats from Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion, Bahia, Brazil. Three-hundred feline blood samples were collected at the Veterinary Hospital of the "Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz" (UESC) and in home visits to perform blood phenotyping using the tube-method testing. The reverse phenotyping was made between cats that tested phenotype B with blood samples of cats that tested phenotype A to confirm the blood phenotype B. The cross-tested among cats with phenotype A was made in order to verify the presence of different antigens of AB system in this blood phenotype. The results underwent macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Among the 300 animals tested, regarding breed, 290 were mixed-breed cats and among the remaining ten, five were Persians, four Siamese, and one Angora. 297 (99%) presented with phenotype A (including all the breeding cats) and three (1%) with phenotype B, and all this cats were mixed-breed cats. None (0%) of the cats showed the phenotype AB. All phenotype B bloods reacted to reverse phenotyping with phenotype A, confirming the phenotype B of these cats. All phenotype A bloods were compatible among each other, so no further erythrocyte antigens were detected through this test. The mother of one of the phenotype B cats was identified and had phenotype A, demonstrating phenotype A parents with phenotype B offspring. This finding indicates heterozygosis in the studied population. This data enable to conclude that the studied population presented different erythrocyte phenotypes, subsequently highlighting the importance of conducting phenotype analyses in these animals before performing blood transfusion to avoid serious hemolytic complications associated with incompatibility.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência dos fenótipos eritrocitários do sistema AB felino e verificar a presença de outros antígenos, não pertencentes ao sistema AB felino, em gatos domésticos das cidades de Ilhéus e Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil. Amostras de sangue de 300 gatos foram coletadas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) e em visitas domiciliares para realizar a fenotipagem sanguínea usando o método de tubo. A fenotipagem reversa foi realizada em gatos que testaram o fenótipo B com amostras que testaram o fenótipo A, para confirmação do fenótipo sanguíneo. O teste cruzado foi realizado entre gatos do fenótipo A, para pesquisar a presença de diferentes antígenos do sistema AB dentro desse fenótipo sanguíneo. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises macroscópicas e microscópicas. Dos 300 animais testados, 110 eram machos e 190 fêmeas, e suas idades variaram de cinco meses à 15 anos. Sobre as raças, 290 eram gatos sem raça definida e dos 10 restantes, cinco eram Persas, quatro eram Siameses e um Angorá. 297 (99%) apresentaram fenótipo A (incluindo todos os gatos de raça) e três (1%) tiveram fenótipo B, sendo todos esses gatos sem raça definida. Nenhum (0%) dos gatos apresentou fenótipo AB. Todos os sangues com fenótipo B reagiram na fenotipagem reversa com o fenótipo A, confirmando o fenótipo B desses gatos. Todos os sangues com fenótipo A foram compatíveis entre si, portanto nenhum antígeno eritrocitário adicional foi detectado através deste teste. A genitora de um dos gatos com fenótipo B, foi encontrada e a mesma possuía fenótipo A, demonstrando pais com fenótipo A e cria com fenótipo B. Esse achado indica heterozigose na população estudada. Esses dados levam à conclusão de que diferentes fenótipos eritrocitários estão presentes na população estudada e destacam a importância da realização de testes fenotípicos nesses animais antes dos procedimentos de transfusão, a fim de evitar complicações hemolíticas graves decorrentes do envolvimento de animais incompatíveis.(AU)

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RESUMEN

This study aimed to determine the erythrocyte phenotypes of the feline AB system and to check the presence of antigens other than those present in the feline AB system in domestic cats from Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion, Bahia, Brazil. Three-hundred feline blood samples were collected at the Veterinary Hospital of the "Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz" (UESC) and in home visits to perform blood phenotyping using the tube-method testing. The reverse phenotyping was made between cats that tested phenotype B with blood samples of cats that tested phenotype A to confirm the blood phenotype B. The cross-tested among cats with phenotype A was made in order to verify the presence of different antigens of AB system in this blood phenotype. The results underwent macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Among the 300 animals tested, regarding breed, 290 were mixed-breed cats and among the remaining ten, five were Persians, four Siamese, and one Angora. 297 (99%) presented with phenotype A (including all the breeding cats) and three (1%) with phenotype B, and all this cats were mixed-breed cats. None (0%) of the cats showed the phenotype AB. All phenotype B bloods reacted to reverse phenotyping with phenotype A, confirming the phenotype B of these cats. All phenotype A bloods were compatible among each other, so no further erythrocyte antigens were detected through this test. The mother of one of the phenotype B cats was identified and had phenotype A, demonstrating phenotype A parents with phenotype B offspring. This finding indicates heterozygosis in the studied population. This data enable to conclude that the studied population presented different erythrocyte phenotypes, subsequently highlighting the importance of conducting phenotype analyses in these animals before performing blood transfusion to avoid serious hemolytic complications associated with incompatibility.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência dos fenótipos eritrocitários do sistema AB felino e verificar a presença de outros antígenos, não pertencentes ao sistema AB felino, em gatos domésticos das cidades de Ilhéus e Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil. Amostras de sangue de 300 gatos foram coletadas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) e em visitas domiciliares para realizar a fenotipagem sanguínea usando o método de tubo. A fenotipagem reversa foi realizada em gatos que testaram o fenótipo B com amostras que testaram o fenótipo A, para confirmação do fenótipo sanguíneo. O teste cruzado foi realizado entre gatos do fenótipo A, para pesquisar a presença de diferentes antígenos do sistema AB dentro desse fenótipo sanguíneo. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises macroscópicas e microscópicas. Dos 300 animais testados, 110 eram machos e 190 fêmeas, e suas idades variaram de cinco meses à 15 anos. Sobre as raças, 290 eram gatos sem raça definida e dos 10 restantes, cinco eram Persas, quatro eram Siameses e um Angorá. 297 (99%) apresentaram fenótipo A (incluindo todos os gatos de raça) e três (1%) tiveram fenótipo B, sendo todos esses gatos sem raça definida. Nenhum (0%) dos gatos apresentou fenótipo AB. Todos os sangues com fenótipo B reagiram na fenotipagem reversa com o fenótipo A, confirmando o fenótipo B desses gatos. Todos os sangues com fenótipo A foram compatíveis entre si, portanto nenhum antígeno eritrocitário adicional foi detectado através deste teste. A genitora de um dos gatos com fenótipo B, foi encontrada e a mesma possuía fenótipo A, demonstrando pais com fenótipo A e cria com fenótipo B. Esse achado indica heterozigose na população estudada. Esses dados levam à conclusão de que diferentes fenótipos eritrocitários estão presentes na população estudada e destacam a importância da realização de testes fenotípicos nesses animais antes dos procedimentos de transfusão, a fim de evitar complicações hemolíticas graves decorrentes do envolvimento de animais incompatíveis.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the erythrocyte phenotypes of the feline AB system and to check the presence of antigens other than those present in the feline AB system in domestic cats from Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion, Bahia, Brazil. Three-hundred feline blood samples were collected at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) and in home visits to perform blood phenotyping using the tube-method testing. The reverse phenotyping was made between cats that tested phenotype B with blood samples of cats that tested phenotype A to confirm the blood phenotype B. The cross-tested among cats with phenotype A was made in order to verify the presence of different antigens of AB system in this blood phenotype. The results underwent macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Among the 300 animals tested, regarding breed, 290 were mixed-breed cats and among the remaining ten, five were Persians, four Siamese, and one Angora. 297 (99%) presented with phenotype A (including all the breeding cats) and three (1%) with phenotype B, and all this cats were mixed-breed cats. None (0%) of the cats showed the phenotype AB. All phenotype B bloods reacted to reverse phenotyping with phenotype A, confirming the phenotype B of these cats. All phenotype A bloods were compatible among each other, so no further erythrocyte antigens were detected through this test. The mother of one of the phenotype B cats was identified and had phenotype A, demonstrating phenotype A parents with phenotype B offspring. This finding indicates heterozygosis in the studied population. This data enable to conclude that the studied population presented different erythrocyte phenotypes, subsequently highlighting the importance of conducting phenotype analyses in these animals before performing blood transfusion to avoid serious hemolytic complications associated with incompatibility.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência dos fenótipos eritrocitários do sistema AB felino e verificar a presença de outros antígenos, não pertencentes ao sistema AB felino, em gatos domésticos das cidades de Ilhéus e Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil. Amostras de sangue de 300 gatos foram coletadas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) e em visitas domiciliares para realizar a fenotipagem sanguínea usando o método de tubo. A fenotipagem reversa foi realizada em gatos que testaram o fenótipo B com amostras que testaram o fenótipo A, para confirmação do fenótipo sanguíneo. O teste cruzado foi realizado entre gatos do fenótipo A, para pesquisar a presença de diferentes antígenos do sistema AB dentro desse fenótipo sanguíneo. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises macroscópicas e microscópicas. Dos 300 animais testados, 110 eram machos e 190 fêmeas, e suas idades variaram de cinco meses à 15 anos. Sobre as raças, 290 eram gatos sem raça definida e dos 10 restantes, cinco eram Persas, quatro eram Siameses e um Angorá. 297 (99%) apresentaram fenótipo A (incluindo todos os gatos de raça) e três (1%) tiveram fenótipo B, sendo todos esses gatos sem raça definida. Nenhum (0%) dos gatos apresentou fenótipo AB. Todos os sangues com fenótipo B reagiram na fenotipagem reversa com o fenótipo A, confirmando o fenótipo B desses gatos. Todos os sangues com fenótipo A foram compatíveis entre si, portanto nenhum antígeno eritrocitário adicional foi detectado através deste teste. A genitora de um dos gatos com fenótipo B, foi encontrada e a mesma possuía fenótipo A, demonstrando pais com fenótipo A e cria com fenótipo B. Esse achado indica heterozigose na população estudada. Esses dados levam à conclusão de que diferentes fenótipos eritrocitários estão presentes na população estudada e destacam a importância da realização de testes fenotípicos nesses animais antes dos procedimentos de transfusão, a fim de evitar complicações hemolíticas graves decorrentes do envolvimento de animais incompatíveis.

RESUMEN

Agroforestry is an alternative kind of land use where the native vegetation is surrounded or intercalated by crops of economic interest. This system may maintain species richness by promoting the habitat heterogeneity or serving as ecological corridors. The aim of this study was to describe the gastrointestinal helminth fauna and to analyse the parasitological parameters of the helminth communities of six sigmodontine rodents in a cocoa agroforestry system in the municipality of Ilhéus, state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. This is a novel study of helminth fauna in this kind of agroforestry. Rodents were captured in live-traps and euthanised for helminth recovery. Specimens were counted and identified to the species level whenever possible. Helminth abundance, intensity, and prevalence were calculated for each species and each host. The total abundance and prevalence of helminths were compared among localities and three attributes of the host: species, gender and age using generalised linear models. Considering all rodents, 52.14% of them were parasitised with at least one helminth species. Eight nematode species were identified and another seven morphospecies were identified to the genus level. The most abundant species were Hassalstrongylus epsilon, Stilestrongylus eta, Guerrerostrongylus zetta, and Syphacia alata. The opportunistic host species Oligoryzomys nigripes and Akodon cursor, besides the water rat Nectomys squamipes, were the most infected species for helminth parasites. Hylaeamys seuanezi was also an important host with the highest helminth species richness. This is the first report of the helminth fauna for this host. The locality most distant from the native vegetation and closest to the city had the highest helminth prevalence and mean species richness. The species richness in the helminth communities of Euryoryzomys russatus, N. squamipes and O. nigripes in these Cabruca agroforestries were within the range found in studies carried out in Atlantic Forest areas.

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Bradypus torquatus is a rare and endemic sloth species from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Due to a lack of medical information including hematologic reference parameters for the species, hematologic baseline values were determined using samples from 14 clinically healthy B. torquatus , under captive (n = 7) and free-living (n = 7) conditions in Bahia State, Brazil. Additionally, the morphology of the blood cells is presented, with a demonstration that the Barr body chromosome may assist with sex determination of the species. The Barr body chromosome was present in all seven females and absent in all males. Many erythrocytes were approximately the size of small lymphocytes, with red blood cells exhibiting anisocystosis, normochromia, and apparent macrocytosis, compared with domestic animals. This study provides the first published hematologic values and cell morphology for B. torquatus . However, further studies are suggested using an automated hematology analyzer with larger sample sizes so that reference intervals may be established and hematologic values better understood for sex, habitat type, and age cohorts.

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Parasite prevalence and abundance are important factors affecting species' conservation. During necropsies on a free-living golden-headed lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus chrysomelas ) and two Wied's marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii ) in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil, we collected a large number of adult intestinal parasites that we identified as Prosthenorchis elegans. This parasite is pathogenic for neotropical primates. Prosthenorchis spp. infestation is influenced by diet with increased risk of exposure from ingesting invertebrate intermediate hosts. The biological similarities and sympatric nature of these two nonhuman primates support that they may harbor similar infectious and parasitic agents.

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Este estudo teve por objetivo determinar os valores hematológicos de Tayassu tajacu (catetos) mantidos em cativeiro. Foram utilizados 26 catetos, sendo 21 adultos (13 machos e 8 fêmeas) e 5 filhotes (três machos e duas fêmeas), mantidos na Fazenda Experimental do Almada e no Laboratório de Etologia Aplicada, pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas, da veia cefálica, para realização dos hemogramas. A análise estatística foi obtida por meio do teste "t" de Student, com nível de significância de 95 por cento. Na comparação entre os animais instalados em baias e piquetes não foi observada diferença significativa, no entanto observou-se um maior valor da proteína plasmática total nos machos (p<0,05). Ao se comparar animais adultos com jovens, observou-se diferença no valor do volume globular (p<0,05) e uma relação neutrófilo segmentado/linfócito inversa, com predomínio dos neutrófilos segmentados sobre os linfócitos nos animais jovens. Em relação à mensuração das células observou-se semelhança ao descrito para vacas, gato e cavalos. Estes resultados poderão subsidiar novos estudos, assim como futuras interpretações em animais hígidos ou doentes, com atenção às condições de manejo, clima e principalmente forma de contenção e tipo de população em que os estudos são realizados.

The aim of the study was to determine the blood values for the Tayassu tajacu (collared peccary) in captivity. Twenty-six collared peccary, being twenty-one adults (13 males and 8 females) and five young (3 males and 2 females) were maintained at the Experimental Farm of Almada and the Laboratory of Applied Ethology, belonging to the University Estadual of the Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein to perform the complete blood count. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, with a significance level of 95 percent. There was no significant difference from animals maintained in stalls or pickets, however there was a higher value of total plasma protein in males (p<0,05). When comparing adult animals with young animals, we observed differences in the packed cell volume (p<0,05) and a reverse relationship between mature neutrophils/lymphocytes, with a predominance of mature neutrophils (46,8 percent) on lymphocytes (45 percent) for young animals. Regarding the measurement of the cells was observed similarity to that described for cows, cats and horses. These results could support new studies, as well as future interpretations in healthy or sick animals, with attention how to handle the management of animals, weather and especially the form of restraint and type of population in what these studies are conducted.

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Este estudo teve por objetivo determinar os valores hematológicos de Tayassu tajacu (catetos) mantidos em cativeiro. Foram utilizados 26 catetos, sendo 21 adultos (13 machos e 8 fêmeas) e 5 filhotes (três machos e duas fêmeas), mantidos na Fazenda Experimental do Almada e no Laboratório de Etologia Aplicada, pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas, da veia cefálica, para realização dos hemogramas. A análise estatística foi obtida por meio do teste "t" de Student, com nível de significância de 95 por cento. Na comparação entre os animais instalados em baias e piquetes não foi observada diferença significativa, no entanto observou-se um maior valor da proteína plasmática total nos machos (p<0,05). Ao se comparar animais adultos com jovens, observou-se diferença no valor do volume globular (p<0,05) e uma relação neutrófilo segmentado/linfócito inversa, com predomínio dos neutrófilos segmentados sobre os linfócitos nos animais jovens. Em relação à mensuração das células observou-se semelhança ao descrito para vacas, gato e cavalos. Estes resultados poderão subsidiar novos estudos, assim como futuras interpretações em animais hígidos ou doentes, com atenção às condições de manejo, clima e principalmente forma de contenção e tipo de população em que os estudos são realizados.(AU)

The aim of the study was to determine the blood values for the Tayassu tajacu (collared peccary) in captivity. Twenty-six collared peccary, being twenty-one adults (13 males and 8 females) and five young (3 males and 2 females) were maintained at the Experimental Farm of Almada and the Laboratory of Applied Ethology, belonging to the University Estadual of the Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein to perform the complete blood count. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, with a significance level of 95 percent. There was no significant difference from animals maintained in stalls or pickets, however there was a higher value of total plasma protein in males (p<0,05). When comparing adult animals with young animals, we observed differences in the packed cell volume (p<0,05) and a reverse relationship between mature neutrophils/lymphocytes, with a predominance of mature neutrophils (46,8 percent) on lymphocytes (45 percent) for young animals. Regarding the measurement of the cells was observed similarity to that described for cows, cats and horses. These results could support new studies, as well as future interpretations in healthy or sick animals, with attention how to handle the management of animals, weather and especially the form of restraint and type of population in what these studies are conducted.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to report the presence of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in bovines at a farm in the northeast region of São Paulo State. In January 2010, it was sent to the Department of Pathology, UNESPJaboticabal, a bovine fetus with an estimated age of seven months, which was natural of a dairy farm with 300 animals and an average daily production of 3,000 liters of milk, nearly 20 liters per cow. The animals were vaccinated against rabies, foot and mouth disease, carbuncle, brucellosis, leptospirosis, bovine herpes virus type I and bovine viral diarrhea virus. The herd consisted of purebred Holstein animals, Jersey, and mostly by crossbred animals 7-8 (gir x holstein). During necropsy, samples of the serosanguineous liquid present at the thoracic cavity and the heart of the fetus were collected for the detection of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies through Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA). Fragments of brain, cerebellum, tongue, liver, heart and kidneys were collected for the execution of histopathology (HP), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Polymerase Chain Reaction. In order that IFA could be performed, the owner was requested blood samples without anticoagulants of the mother and other cows in the farm, with or without a history of abortion. At necropsy, it was verified a severe autolysis of the fetus. The serology of the fetus was 1:25, while the serology of the mother was 1:3,200. At HP, it was observed discrete multifocal non-suppurative encephalomyelitis characterized by gliosis and mononuclear inflammatory infiltration associated with cellular debris. DNA amplification of N. caninum was positive in fragments of brain, tongue, cerebellum, heart and kidneys. At IHC, it has been observed immunoreactivity to a cyst located in the tongue. The owner reported that his herd showed endemic episodes of abortion, while 27.69% (18/65) of the 65 animals sampled were seropositive. Although it has not been a significant difference (p>0.05), a higher seropositivity was observed in animals with a history of abortion (10/26) 38.46%, in comparison with animals without previous abortion (8/39) 20.51%. These findings show that the abortion under study was provoked by the protozoan N. caninum, while this is the first report concerning cattle in the northeast region of São Paulo State.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to determine the presence of species of the genus Eimeria species in naturally infected bovines in Southern Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The study population comprised 117 Zebu crossbred cattle that belonged to 10 dairy herds with extensive or semi-extensive production systems. The modified Gordon and Whitlock technique was used to determine positive samples and number of oocysts per gram of feces. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test with Yates correction and a 95% confidence interval. Thirty-nine cattle (33.33%) were positive, and ten different species were identified in infected animals: E. bovis (24.79%); E. canadensis (8.55%); E. Zuernii (6.83%); E. ellipsoidalis (5.99%); E. cylindrica (3.42%); E. auburnensis (3.42%); E. brasiliensis (2.56%); E. Bukidnonensis (1.71%); E. alabamensis (0.85%), and E. subspherica (0.85%). Higher parasitism was observed in animals up to one year of age (p = 0.005), but no animal presented clinical signs of the disease. As the presence of clinical eimeriosis was not evidenced and all animals were Zebu crossbred cattle from extensive or semi-extensive production systems, further studies should be conducted to investigate the effects of these factors on disease development. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a presença de espécies do gênero Eimeria em bovinos naturalmente infectados, na região Sudeste da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. A população do estudo incluiu 117 bovinos mestiços de raças Zebuínas que pertenciam a 10 fazendas leiteiras com sistemas de produção extensivo ou semiextensivo. A técnica de Gordon e Whitlock modificada foi utilizada para determinar as amostras positivas e o número de oocistos por grama de fezes. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado com correção de Yates e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Trinta e nove animais (33,33%) foram positivos, e dez diferentes espécies foram identificadas nos animais infectados: E. bovis (24,79%), E. canadensis (8,55%), E. zuernii (6,83%), E. ellipsoidalis (5,99% ), E. cylindrica (3,42%), E. auburnensis (3,42%), E. brasiliensis (2,56%), E. bukidnonensis (1,71%), E. alabamensis (0,85%) e E. subspherica (0,85%). Maior parasitismo foi observado em animais com até um ano de idade (p = 0,005), mas nenhum animal apresentou sinais clínicos que fossem compatíveis com a parasitose. Como não foi observado presença de eimeriose clínica e como todos os animais eram mestiços zebuínos e pertencentes ao sistema de criação extensivo ou semiextensivo, novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para comprovar a influência desses fatores no surgimento da doença. (AU)

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The infection by Neospora caninum of different cattle breeds in dairy properties in two municipalities of the South Fluminense Paraíba Valley, state of Rio de Janeiro, was evaluated. Considering a sampling universe of 2,491 cows, blood samples were collected from 563 dairy cows in 57 farms, which were randomically selected in proportion to the number of animals, using a random stratified sampling system. For each property the number of selected cows was proportional to the herd size. Abortion or other reproductive disorders were not considered as criteria for selecting the animals, and seropositivity was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A high association (p=0.006) between seropositivity and racial patterns was found. The analysis revealed that in comparison of pure black-and-white Holstein cows versus Zebu (p=0.0028), Holstein cows showed 2.65 times greater odds for seropositivity. In the same way, by comparing black-and-white Holstein versus Zebu + crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.01), it was noted that there is 2.23 times more chance for seropositivity in Holstein cattle. There were no significant differences concerning the comparison of Holstein cattle versus crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.08) or Zebu versus crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.11). This study supports the hypothesis that there is a close association between cattle breeds and the frequency of infection by N. caninum.

A realização deste estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência diferenças na distribuição da infecção por Neospora caninum em bovinos leiteiros da raça Holandesa Preta e Branca e mestiços na Mesorregião Fluminense a maior bacia leiteira do Rio de Janeiro. De um total de 2.491 vacas foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 563 de forma não randomizada, pertencentes a 57 propriedades localizadas nos municípios de Resende e Rio Claro. O tamanho da amostra por propriedade foi proporcional ao número de animais alvo da mesma. O abortamento ou distúrbios reprodutivos não foram utilizados como critérios de seleção. Foi verificada associação altamente significativa entre a soropositividade e o padrão racial (p=0,006). Ao conduzir as análises entre apenas dois padrões verificou-se os seguintes resultados: HPB versus zebuínos (p=0,0028) com 2,65 mais chances de sorpositividade em bovinos HPB; HPB versus (zebuínos + Gir x Holandês) p=0,01, com 2,23 mais chances de sopositividade também na raça HPB. Não houve diferença significativa entre HPB versus Gir x Holandês (p=0,08) e entre os zebuínos e Gir x Holandês (p=0,11). Este estudo suporta a hipótese que existe uma estreita relação entre a presença da infecção e a raça européia Holandesa Preta e Branca, na região e condições em que foi desenvolvido o presente estudo.

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The infection by Neospora caninum of different cattle breeds in dairy properties in two municipalities of the South Fluminense Paraíba Valley, state of Rio de Janeiro, was evaluated. Considering a sampling universe of 2,491 cows, blood samples were collected from 563 dairy cows in 57 farms, which were randomically selected in proportion to the number of animals, using a random stratified sampling system. For each property the number of selected cows was proportional to the herd size. Abortion or other reproductive disorders were not considered as criteria for selecting the animals, and seropositivity was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A high association (p=0.006) between seropositivity and racial patterns was found. The analysis revealed that in comparison of pure black-and-white Holstein cows versus Zebu (p=0.0028), Holstein cows showed 2.65 times greater odds for seropositivity. In the same way, by comparing black-and-white Holstein versus Zebu + crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.01), it was noted that there is 2.23 times more chance for seropositivity in Holstein cattle. There were no significant differences concerning the comparison of Holstein cattle versus crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.08) or Zebu versus crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.11). This study supports the hypothesis that there is a close association between cattle breeds and the frequency of infection by N. caninum.(AU)

A realização deste estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência diferenças na distribuição da infecção por Neospora caninum em bovinos leiteiros da raça Holandesa Preta e Branca e mestiços na Mesorregião Fluminense a maior bacia leiteira do Rio de Janeiro. De um total de 2.491 vacas foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 563 de forma não randomizada, pertencentes a 57 propriedades localizadas nos municípios de Resende e Rio Claro. O tamanho da amostra por propriedade foi proporcional ao número de animais alvo da mesma. O abortamento ou distúrbios reprodutivos não foram utilizados como critérios de seleção. Foi verificada associação altamente significativa entre a soropositividade e o padrão racial (p=0,006). Ao conduzir as análises entre apenas dois padrões verificou-se os seguintes resultados: HPB versus zebuínos (p=0,0028) com 2,65 mais chances de sorpositividade em bovinos HPB; HPB versus (zebuínos + Gir x Holandês) p=0,01, com 2,23 mais chances de sopositividade também na raça HPB. Não houve diferença significativa entre HPB versus Gir x Holandês (p=0,08) e entre os zebuínos e Gir x Holandês (p=0,11). Este estudo suporta a hipótese que existe uma estreita relação entre a presença da infecção e a raça européia Holandesa Preta e Branca, na região e condições em que foi desenvolvido o presente estudo.(AU)

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This study aimed to verify the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows from municipalities of Resende and Rio Claro, both located at sulfluminense dairy belt. A total of 29 farms from Resende and 28 from Rio Claro were randomly selected. To evaluate the association between herds and animals against the etiological agent χ² tests were used. Seventy eight animals at Resende (25.74%, confidence intervals(IC) at 95%: 15.7-25.8%) had anti-N. caninum antibodies, while 53 animals (20.38%, IC 21-31.1%) at Rio Claro (p=0.16). No association between positive animals in relationship to municipalities was observed. When considered properties, 26 (89.7%, IC: 76, 3-94.9%) at Resende and 24 (85.71%, IC: 67.3-96%) at Rio Claro had at least a positive animal. This demonstrated that anti-N. caninum antibodies were observed among dairy cows at both municipalities. In spite of abortions were observed with relative frequency in endemic areas of N. caninum, they were not observed in the present study.

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Twenty four rabbits type meat, cross-breed of White New Zealand and California, of both sexes, with age of 58 days old, and average weight of 1,586 g were used. Than, they were divided in three groups of eight rabbits each. The first group was inoculated orally, in two serial days, with 10(6) sporulated oocysts of Cystoisospora felis per animal, second group was considered per feed, and thirty group was left as control. Clinical signs as body weight, feed consumption, rectal temperature, and breathing frequency were taken daily. Carcasses weights were taking at 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 22 and 29 days after infection (DAI) when they were posted. In the first DAI, anorexia, slow movements, low percent of food consumption (85.76%), and of alimentary conversion were observed. Difference of 3.52% in the food consumption was observed between control and infected animals. The inoculated rabbits had high temperatures in the first DAI in comparison to controls and per fed animals (p<0.01) at 2nd and at 4th DAI. In relationship to the weight gain in the 1st week the carcasses of the infected rabbits had minimal difference in comparison to control animals. As conclusion, cystoisosporosis, beside clinical signs, can be interfered in the development of the rabbit.

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A survey of toxoplasmosis in cattle from Sul Fluminense Paraiba Valley micro region in the State of Rio de Janeiro was realized, where serum samples were collected from 589 animals of 29 dairy farms located at municipalities of Resende and Rio Claro. Serology was performed by using indirect immune fluorescent test (IFAT), and considering as positive to Toxoplasma gondii titles > or = 64. Results found in both municipalities were 14.8% serum reagents animals. When these results were analyzed by each Municipality, Resende had 15.3% (48 animals of 314) positive animals, and 14.2% (39 animals of 275) was observed at Rio Claro. In the analysis of 58 studied dairy farms was observed that 38 (65.5%) of them having positive cows for anti-T. gondii, being 20 (69.0%) at Resende, and 18 (62.1%) at Rio Claro. With regard to serologic samples found in the IFAT, 79 (13.41%) animals were positives with titles of 64, six (1.02%) with 256, two (0.34%) with 1024, and none of animals had titles > or = 4096.

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