RESUMEN
Within last 17 years we went through all charts of bacterial meningitis within our nationwide survey and among 372 cases we found 62 cases of MM, in 12 cases with meningococcal disease (with shock, petechial effusions or disseminated intravascular coagulation or digital gangrenes). MM was usually observed in young adults without any of investigated risk factors like neoplasia, ENT (ear, nose, throat) focuses, elderly age, sepsis, diabetes, alcoholism, trauma, neonatal VLBW etc. Trauma, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse and chronic sinusitis/otitis were significantly less frequently found as a risk factor for MM. Mortality was very low, only 4.8% and was lower than overall mortality in CBM (12.4%, NS). Also the proportion of neurologic sequellae (9.7%) and initial treatment failure (8.1%) were comparable or even lower. This positive outcome results are probably because all N. meningitis strains were susceptible to penicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxim, cotrimoxazol or ciprofloxacin. Other reason for low mortality was that most cases received oral antibiotic immediately, even before admission (50 of 62). 95.2% of cases survived, 90.3% without any transient neurological residual symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Meningitis Meningocócica/epidemiología , Infecciones Meningocócicas/epidemiología , Medicina Tropical , Cefalosporinas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/epidemiología , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/mortalidad , Humanos , Meningitis Meningocócica/tratamiento farmacológico , Meningitis Meningocócica/mortalidad , Infecciones Meningocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Meningocócicas/mortalidad , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Penicilinas/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Community acquired bacterial (CBM) meningitis in diabetic patients was analyzed for risk factors and outcome in a cohort of 201 cases of meningitis within last 17 years: 15 patients with diabetes mellitus and meningitis were identified and compared for etiology and mortality as well as for neurologic sequellae with all CBM cases.
Asunto(s)
Complicaciones de la Diabetes/microbiología , Diabetes Mellitus/inmunología , Meningitis Bacterianas/etiología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Cefotaxima/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Cohortes , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/mortalidad , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/terapia , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/inmunología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/terapia , Humanos , Meningitis Bacterianas/mortalidad , Meningitis Bacterianas/terapia , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Factores de Riesgo , Vancomicina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Within last 25 years we have observed 20 cases of fungal meningitis and/or cerebral abscesses. Commonest etiologic agens was Candida spp. (C. albicans 9 of 20). Molds were responsible for 4 cases of brain abscess. Mortality was 50% what seems to be very high. Extremely high mortality is caused by delayed onset of therapy, severe underlying disease and multiresistant fungal organisms such as Mucorales, Fusarium solani and Aureobasidium.
Asunto(s)
Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Candidiasis/mortalidad , Meningitis Fúngica/mortalidad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/microbiología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Absceso Encefálico/complicaciones , Absceso Encefálico/tratamiento farmacológico , Absceso Encefálico/mortalidad , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Meningitis Criptocócica/complicaciones , Meningitis Criptocócica/tratamiento farmacológico , Meningitis Criptocócica/mortalidad , Meningitis Fúngica/complicaciones , Meningitis Fúngica/tratamiento farmacológico , Meningitis Fúngica/microbiología , Enfermedades Raras , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The extracts from 21 medicinal plants commonly used in traditional remedies in Kenya were screened for antiviral activity against wild type 7401H strain herpes simplex virus type 1. The plant extracts exhibited antiviral activity against the virus in the plaque and yield reduction assays. The results reveal that twelve plants may contain constituents that could be exploited for the management of HSV infections. Although the extracts used in these experiments contain a complex matrix of a large number of compounds the results indicate that useful compounds can be isolated for further exploitation.
RESUMEN
In the latter part of 1982, three black and white colobus monkeys, Colobus abyssinicus kikuyuensis, from a small breeding group maintained at the Institute of Primate Research in Kenya, became paralysed within one month. Two of these cases were fatal and the third animal survived. The clinical and pathological findings suggested a poliomyelitis-like disease. This was confirmed by the isolation of wild strains of poliomyelitis virus type I from faeces, spleen, kidney, lung and central nervous system from affected animals.
Asunto(s)
Cercopithecidae , Colobus , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Monos/patología , Poliomielitis/veterinaria , Animales , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Monos/microbiología , Poliomielitis/microbiología , Poliomielitis/patología , Poliovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Médula Espinal/patologíaRESUMEN
In 1973, a type 1 poliomyelitis epidemic in Kenya was curtailed at an early stage by two mass distributions of trivalent oral vaccine. It was considered useful to know the immunity status of the child population that had resulted from the vaccine distributions and that had presumably contributed to its control. We also wished to know to what extent wild and vaccine virus strains were in circulation after the mass vaccination campaign. Anal swabs and blood were collected from a sample of the children in four areas where the efficiency of vaccine distribution had varied, and the results of virus isolation attempts and antibody tests are reported. Three poliovirus strains were isolated. It was surprising that, in general, the herd immunity after two vaccination rounds did not substantially differ from that found in Kenya on other occasions. Possible reasons for these results are discussed.