RESUMEN
Research shows that not only medical but also psychological factors such as parents' emotional state, their parenting skills, quality of very early relationships with the infant influence child's physical and mental health and development. The support of good infant-mother relationships is an essential part of early family-centered help to premature babies. The article reviews existing evidence-based programs of neonatal care and support of early mother-child relationships for preterm babies at the hospital. It covers three main directions: discussing with parents prognosis of a child's health and development; supporting natural conditions of child development, and including parents into child early care and observation. Data presented in the article shows that if using each of the mentioned above directions that are important for quality early care and interaction, positive dynamics is seen both on parents' and preterm infant's side. Designated programs can be widely implemented in neonatal intensive care units for children born before term, including those with extremely low body weight when they achieve clinical stabilization. The material presented in the article may be used as the scientific base for implementing in Russian Federation early care system both at the hospital level and, later, in the family environment. It also constitutes new directions for research of preterm babies and their parents.
Asunto(s)
Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro , Enfermedades del Prematuro , Femenino , Hospitales , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , PadresRESUMEN
The tobacco smoking of women during pregnancy and breast feeding represents a significant danger to public health. During pregnancy, the WHO recommends to abstain from cigarettes smoking. In spite of extensive information concerning related to smoking dangers to health of women and fetus, certain females continue to smoke during all pregnancy. The purpose of review is to identify and systematize existing data concerning prevalence, factors and modes of prevention tobacco smoking among pregnant females. In Russia, prevalence of tobacco smoking is at the level of highest European indices though in-land territorial differences are observed. The psycho-social factors significantly contribute to prevalence of smoking among pregnant women. The main social factors of tobacco smoking of pregnant women are low social economic status, unplanned pregnancy, smoking of representatives of the closest social environment (members of family and husband). The leading psychological factors effecting on success of smoking women to quit are psychological well-being, supporting relationship with significant others, high perceptible risks of smoking.