RESUMEN
Dogs living in a domestic-wildlife interface can serve as reservoirs and sentinels of parasites shared among humans, domestic animals and wildlife. In Kenya, the epidemiology of intestinal parasites of dogs and their role as reservoirs of zoonoses is poorly understood, especially in domestic-wildlife interfaces. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in the Oloisukut Conservancy. One hundred dog faecal samples were collected per rectum and examined microscopically following zinc chloride flotation and formal-ether concentration techniques. Genotyping of helminths was achieved by nested polymerase chain reaction of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, cytochrome oxidase 1 and partial sequencing. Nine genera were detected by microscopy in 65 (65%) dog faecal samples from 54/76 (71.05%) households. The most frequent helminths were hookworm (39%), Spirometra spp. (17%), taeniids (13%), Toxocara spp. (10%), Trichuris spp. (10%), Spirocerca lupi (5%), Physaloptera spp. (2%), Dipylidium caninum (1%) and Strongyloides spp. (1%). Ancylostoma caninum was the only hookworm species detected in dogs, while Taenia serialis and Taenia madoquae were detected in four and one faecal samples, respectively. This study reports for the first time the molecular detection of the cestodes Spirometra theileri, D. caninum and Mesocestoides sp. in dogs in Kenya. The presence of zoonotic helminths in dogs indicates that the residents of this conservancy are exposed to public health risks. The helminths reported here confirm the interaction of domestic dogs with wildlife. An integrated control programme involving the medical, veterinary and wildlife conservation professionals is needed to avert transmission of infectious diseases to humans, domestic animals and wildlife.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Helmintos , Parasitosis Intestinales , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Perros , Humanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , Kenia/epidemiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
We developed a simple and versatile new technique (Multi-Track) for percutaneous mitral valvotomy using two two separate balloon catheters positioned on a single guidewire. The first catheter, with only a distal guidewire lumen and a proximal balloon, is introduced over the guidewire into the vein and then advanced into the mitral valve orifice. Subsequently, a normal balloon catheter running on the same guidewire is inserted and lined up with the first catheter so the two are positioned side by side. The balloons are then inflated simultaneously. The technique was applied in 12 patients between 10 and 44 years of age (mean, 27.1) and weighing 24-80 kg (mean, 50.3). Valve area increased from 0.66 cm2 (range, 0.3-0.9 cm2) to 1.97 cm2 (range, 1.3-3.1 cm2) and mean left atrial pressure dropped from 31 mmHg (range, 18-52 mmHg) to 12 mmHg (range, 5-22 mmHg). Mitral dilatation with the Multi-Track system gives results comparable to those with previously described techniques and uses simpler and less costly catheters.
Asunto(s)
Angioplastia de Balón/instrumentación , Estenosis de la Válvula Mitral/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Niño , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estenosis de la Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The efficacy of an oral 8-aminoquinoline (8-[[6-(diethylamino)hexyl]amino]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline) (WR6026) in the treatment of 16 patients with kala azar was evaluated. The first 8 patients received therapy for 2 weeks at a dosage of 0.75-1.00 mg/(kg.d); 1 patient was cured, and in regard to the other 7, a 1-logarithm decrease in the number of splenic parasites and clinical improvement were noted. The next 8 patients received therapy for 4 weeks at the same daily dosage (1 mg/[kg.d]); 4 were cured, and for the other 4, 1- to 2-log decreases in the number of parasites and clinical improvement (in regard to weight, liver and spleen size, hemoglobin level, and leukocyte count) were noted. The therapy was associated with minimal toxicity; adverse effects included gastrointestinal distress, headache, and methemoglobinemia. The fact that one-half of the patients were cured indicates that future trials with longer regimens and higher dosages are warranted and should include patients for whom existing treatment methods have failed.