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Recent research has emphasized the importance of addressing specific victim-related factors to reduce victims' vulnerability and prevent future revictimization experiences. This study aimed to analyze the vulnerability profiles of women who were victims of intimate partner violence, including those who had experienced a single incident of violence and those who had endured revictimization. Participants were 338 women with active judicial protection measures registered in the system of support for victims of gender violence (VioGén) in Madrid, Spain. The analysis considered sociodemographic characteristics, victimization history, perceived triggers of violence, women's responses and feelings, as well as clinical outcomes linked to revictimization history. The study revealed that many victims faced socioeconomic vulnerability. Furthermore, the findings underscored the intricate link between the likelihood of enduring chronic violence and women's awareness of early indicators of violence risk, their initial responses to aggression, communication skills, and recurrent behaviors in the context of an established violent dynamic. This study offers valuable insights for law enforcement to identify the risk of revictimization. Furthermore, findings raise awareness about the particularly vulnerable situation of some women to repeated victimization experiences and provide relevant information for clinical intervention.

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This study conducted a meta-analysis to identify the primary risk and protective factors associated with the revictimization in intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). Out of 2382 studies initially identified in eight databases, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria and provided the necessary data for calculating pooled effect sizes. The analysis focused on non-manipulative quantitative studies examining revictimization in heterosexual women of legal age. Separate statistical analyses were performed for prospective and retrospective studies, resulting in findings related to 14 variables. The Metafor package in RStudio was used with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis revealed that childhood abuse was the most strongly associated risk factor for revictimization, while belonging to a white ethnicity was the most prominent protective factor. Other significant risk factors included alcohol and drug use, recent physical violence, severity of violence, and PTSD symptomatology. The study also found that older age was a protective factor in prospective studies. The consistency of results across different study designs and sensitivity analyses further supported the robustness of the findings. It is important to note that the existing literature on revictimization in women facing intimate partner violence is limited and exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of methodology and conceptual frameworks.

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INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence research and intervention strategies have grown substantially over the last two decades. However, little research has examined whether the intimate partner prevalence has changed or remained stable over time in Spain. Moreover, few studies have analyzed whether intimate partner violence prevalence rates among genders and age groups have fluctuated similarly or not. METHOD: The aim of this study was to analyze the trends observed in intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization rates among adolescents in three sample cohorts from Spain interviewed in 2006, 2010, and 2016 (4591 Spanish adolescents; 53.6% girls and 46.2% boys). ANCOVA was used to compare the population means between the cohorts: sex, age, and the type of intimate partner violence, for example, verbal, physical, and sexual. RESULTS: The results showed a significant decrease in intimate partner violence rates from 2006 to 2016, which was more noticeable within the first half of this decade. Throughout the decade, the girls perpetrated more verbal and mild physical assaults, while the boys perpetrated more sexual assaults. However, these results suggest a clear bidirectional intimate partner violence dynamic between the genders. Additionally, late adolescence reported a higher prevalence of aggressions. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the need to adapt current prevention strategies considering the differences in the intimate partner violence trajectories based on sex and age, with the aim of regaining the marked rate of decline in aggression observed up to 2010.

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The effects of time and the longitudinal course of the children's internalizing symptoms following Intimate Partner Violence Exposure (IPVE) are still of great interest today. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the frequency of IPVE, adverse experiences after the cessation of the IPVE and the time elapsed since the termination of the violent relation on the prevalence of anxiety and depression among children. Participants were 107 children and their mothers who had been victims of IPV and had existing judicial protection and restraining orders. Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated to analyze children's adjustment, considering the effect of the time elapsed since the termination, frequency of IPVE, experiences of revictimization, maternal pathology, and anxious anticipation of the mother at the prospect of future harm. Exposure to multiple events of violence at the hands of multiple ex-partners and higher scores in the mother's anxious anticipation were significant predictors of children's pathological depression and anxiety. Our results emphasize the need for early psychological evaluation of women and children's victims of IPV to provide timely interventions that avoid symptoms from becoming chronic. Strategies to bring support and emotional security to the victims after the end of the violent relationship are desirable.

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Despite the growing body of evidence concerning the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence exposure (IPVE) and their correlates, little is currently known about the effects of co-occurring advantageous family conditions (e.g., instrumental support, inductive parenting, positive communication) and how they may serve to offset the detrimental effects of maltreatment and IPVE. The present study applied a three-step latent class analysis to identify the co-occurrence patterns of childhood maltreatment and advantageous family conditions among 1379 Spanish adolescents. The study also sought to identify the sociodemographic risk markers and psychosocial adjustment associated with each latent class membership. The analyses revealed four classes, namely (1) violent family context, (2) emotionally neglectful family context, (3) adverse and advantageous family conditions, and (4) positive family context. Having a lower socioeconomic status and being a migrant were both risk markers for membership to the violent family context as well as to the adverse and advantageous family conditions class. Adolescents who were exposed to advantageous family conditions (e.g., the positive family context or the adverse and advantageous family conditions) exhibited fewer psychosocial problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatisation) and lower frequencies of teen dating violence (TDV) when compared with those in the violent family context. Moreover, membership to the emotionally neglectful family context class was related to more psychological symptoms and a higher prevalence of TDV when compared with membership to the positive family context class, despite the absence of IPVE and maltreatment. Overall, the results provide evidence that advantageous family conditions contribute to better psychosocial adjustment on the part of adolescents even when exposed to IPV and maltreatment. Identifying the experiences that contribute to adolescents' psychosocial adjustment could help clinical and governmental interventions tailor their often-limited resources to children who are at greater risk of negative outcomes.

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According to recent international studies, most of the adolescent victims of physical dating violence remain satisfied and committed toward their abusive relationship, giving way to long-term relationships in which the abuse tends to persist and increase in frequency and severity. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the stay/leave decision of the adolescent victims of physical dating violence. A structural equation model was estimated to explain the direct and indirect contribution of the level of satisfaction, commitment, justification of the aggression, relationship duration, psychological coercion toward commitment, and the consequences of the abuse on the victims' decision to continue in the abusive relationship. The sample was 456 Latinx adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. The results corroborate that the decision to leave a physically abusive dating relationship is a complex phenomenon related to subjective variables such as (a) the level of satisfaction, (b) cognitive evaluation of the aggression (especially in those couples who have been together for a long time), and (c) the exposure to psychological pressures toward commitment. Future preventive strategies must incorporate actions to help the youngest to evaluate in a more objective and adequate way, the real quality of their first relationships, and aim to modify the justification of the aggression, the recognition of the potential harm, and to foster an adequate balance between the benefits and harm of staying in the abusive relationship.

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Emotional dysregulation is a construct that has drawn substantial attention as a transdiagnostic contributing factor to the loss of health. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a term used to describe physical, psychological, or sexual assault of a spouse or sexual partner. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of emotional dysregulation among women with different types of IPV revictimization and post-traumatic stress. The cross-sectional survey included 120 women attended by the Integrated Monitoring System of Gender Violence of Madrid, Spain, due to a gender violence complaint. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (DSM 5 criteria), emotional dysregulation (Emotional Processing Scale (EPS)), childhood trauma, and type of revictimization were evaluated. Cluster analysis found three profiles of emotional regulation: Emotionally Regulated, Avoidance/Non-Impoverished, and Emotional Overwhelm. The results showed that the Emotional Overwhelm group was characterized by a general dysregulation of emotional experiences and a greater intensity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. In addition, women who have suffered several episodes of IPV by different partners showed a differential pattern of emotional regulation than the rest of the victims that entailed greater psychopathology. Findings confirm that emotional dysregulation is a critical pathway to the decrease of health among IPV victims.

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BACKGROUND: Dating violence (DV) is still a global problem of enormous proportions. Scientific and social consensus highlights the necessity of performing typological analyses in order to better understand the diverse violent experiences and intervention needs of the victims. METHOD: The sample comprised 1,308 Mexican and Spanish adolescents aged between 12 and 18, who had been victims of DV. Two-step cluster analyses were performed for each country using the frequency and severity of the victimization as grouping variables, which was followed by an analysis of the differences between clusters in personal and relationship characteristics. RESULTS: The analyses suggested three clusters in both countries: Victims of psychological aggression, Victims of psychological and physical aggression, and Victims of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression. The early start of the first dating relationship and the prolonged exposure to aggression throughout different relationships were associated with the most victimized groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need to start intervention strategies at a young age targeting the promotion of skills to recognize and confront violence before it is established as a pattern of coexistence with the significant other

ANTECEDENTES: la violencia en el noviazgo (VN) es un hecho constatado a nivel internacional, resulta necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de la diversidad de las experiencias de las víctimas a través de análisis tipológicos que permitan mejorar las estrategias de intervención existentes. MÉTODO: el objetivo del estudio fue identificar los perfiles de las víctimas de VN en dos países latinos usando como variables de agrupación los tipos de agresión. Participaron 1.308 adolescentes mexicanos y españoles víctimas de VN. Se llevaron a cabo two-step cluster analysis en ambos países en función de la tipos y frecuencia de las agresiones; seguidos de comparaciones entre grupos en las características personales y de la relación. RESULTADOS: los análisis sugieren la formación de tres agrupaciones cluster en ambos países. Los grupos más victimizados se caracterizaron por el inicio temprano de las relaciones y la exposición prolongada a las agresiones en diferentes relaciones. CONCLUSIONES: los hallazgos apuntan a la necesidad de adaptar las intervenciones a edades más tempranas, con el objetivo de promover el desarrollo de habilidades para reconocer y enfrentar la violencia antes de que se normalice, aumente o establezca como un patrón de convivencia estable

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BACKGROUND: Dating violence (DV) is still a global problem of enormous proportions. Scientific and social consensus highlights the necessity of performing typological analyses in order to better understand the diverse violent experiences and intervention needs of the victims. METHOD: The sample comprised 1,308 Mexican and Spanish adolescents aged between 12 and 18, who had been victims of DV. Two-step cluster analyses were performed for each country using the frequency and severity of the victimization as grouping variables, which was followed by an analysis of the differences between clusters in personal and relationship characteristics. RESULTS: The analyses suggested three clusters in both countries: Victims of psychological aggression, Victims of psychological and physical aggression, and Victims of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression. The early start of the first dating relationship and the prolonged exposure to aggression throughout different relationships were associated with the most victimized groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need to start intervention strategies at a young age targeting the promotion of skills to recognize and confront violence before it is established as a pattern of coexistence with the significant other.

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Borderline personality organization (BPO) is a key personality component of some but not all partner-violent men. The study described in this paper examines the psychometric properties of the borderline personality organization scale (BPO Scale; Oldham et al., 1985) in a Spanish sample of 643 men undergoing court-mandated psychological treatment after conviction for episodes of intimate-partner violence. Three confirmatory factor analyses were carried out first, and the three-factor structure of the BPO scale was then tested. Results for concurrent validity show positive and significant correlations between the subscales and the overall BPO scale, and with other instruments that measure borderline and antisocial personality disorders (ASPDs), and impulsivity. The BPO scale also presents evidence of known-groups validity, since BPO scores decrease with age, and of discriminant validity, as the scale discriminates between participants who do and do not exceed the cutoff point on a borderline personality scale. The BPO Scale is a suitable instrument for evaluating BPO in partner-violent men.

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Several scales are used in Dating Violence studies assuming cross-cultural invariance and equivalence of the measures without making the proper validation in the intended populations. This study focuses on the importance of adapting existing dating violence psychological instruments (as the widely recognized Modified Version of the Conflict Tactics Scale, M-CTS) in diverse adolescent populations adjusting to international validation procedures that ensure the cultural fit of the instrument and the measurement invariance of the construct. We sought to adapt the M-CTS in Mexican adolescents (N = 1861; 57.5% woman) following the ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Test. We made an analysis of the linguistic and cultural variables, followed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the evaluation of Construct and Known Groups Validities. We culturally modified six items and verified the four-factorial structure of the questionnaire proposed in previous studies (argumentation, psychological aggression, mild physical aggression, and sever physical aggression). We also found significant correlations in between the scores of the M-CTS and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and the Dominating and Jealous Tactics Scale (DJTS), verifying the Construct Validity of the M-CTS to measure aggressive behaviors. Conclusion: the cultural adaptation of the M-CTS offered adequate reliability and validity scores in Mexican population expanding the possibilities of comparing prevalences of the problem between nations with a reliable instrument based on the same theoretical and methodological perspectives.

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The Dominant and Jealous Tactics Scale (Kasian & Painter, 1992) is one of the most extensively used instruments to measure dominance and jealousy in dating relationships of young adults and adolescents. The goal of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of this scale and validate its adequacy for young Spanish population. the sample was made up of 8105 youths from the Region of Madrid, aged between 14 and 26 years. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate two correlated factors: Dominant Tactics and Jealous Tactics, along the lines of the original study. The reliability of the scale was good. With regard to convergent validity, positive and significant correlations were observed with the modified version of the Conflicts Tactics Scale (M-CTS; Neidig, 1986), which measures physical and verbal violence in dating relationships. With regard to known groups validity, we observed significant differences in dominant and jealous tactics as a function of age and gender, in the expected direction. This scale is a reliable and valid instrument to assess dominant and jealous tactics in dating relationships of youth and adolescents in Spain

La Escala de Tácticas Dominates y Celosas (Kasian y Painter, 1992) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para medir dominancia y celos en las relaciones de noviazgo en jóvenes y adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de esta escala y validar su adecuación en población juvenil española. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8105 jovenes de la Comunidad de Madrid, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 26 años. Los resultados del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio indican que existen dos factores correlacionados: tácticas dominantes y tácticas celosas, en la línea del estudio original. La fiabilidad de la escala fue satisfactoria. En cuanto a la validez convergente, se observan correlaciones positivas y significativas con la verisón modificada de la Escala de Tácticas de Conflicto (M-CTS; Neidig, 1986) que mide violencia física y verbal en relaciones de noviazgo. En cuanto a la validez de grupos conocidos, se observan diferencias significativas en tácticas dominantes y celosas en función de la edad y el género, en el sentido esperado. Esta escala constituye un instrumento fiable y válido para evaluar tácticas dominantes y celosas en relaciones de parejas de jóvenes y adolescentes en España

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The goal of this study is to analyze the short-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program in a sample of partner violent men, compared to a waiting-list control group. The sample consists of 347 men: 303 in the experimental group -divided into three subtypes according to the level of partner violence and the presence of psychopathology- and 44 in the control group. The dropout rate was 12.2%. Results reveal greater reduction of the levels of self-reported violence in all three subtypes, compared to the control group. Regarding police recidivism, the experimental group subtypes obtain better results than the control group. Lastly, higher level of justification of violent partner behavior after participating in the program and having attended fewer therapy sessions, predict higher levels of recidivism. Results highlight the benefit of participating in the treatment program, and the need to adapt programs to participants' characteristics

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficacia a corto plazo de un programa de tratamiento cognitivo conductual en una muestra de hombres violentos hacia la pareja y condenados por un delito de violencia de género, en comparación con un grupo de control en lista de espera. Participaron 347 hombres: 303 en grupo experimental (GE) -dividido en tres subtipos en función del nivel de violencia hacia la pareja y la presencia de psicopatología- y 44 en grupo control (GC). La tasa de abandonos fue del 12,2%. Los resultados indican una mayor reducción de los niveles de violencia autoinformada en los tres subtipos, comparados con el GC. Respecto a la reincidencia policial, los subtipos del GE obtienen mejores resultados que el GC. Por último, un mayor nivel de justificación de la violencia hacia la pareja tras el programa y haber asistido a un menor número de sesiones, predicen niveles más altos de reincidencia. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto el beneficio que supone participar en el programa de tratamiento y la necesidad de adaptarlos en función de las características de los participantes

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La violencia sexual en las relaciones de noviazgo en jóvenes no se ajusta a los modelos explicativos existentes en adultos, de ahí la necesidad de contar con instrumentos que permitan analizar este tipo de comportamientos en la juventud. En este estudio se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la "Escala de coerción sexual" (ECS) con 3665 jovenes de entre 16 y 24 años. Se dividió la muestra en dos submuestras diferentes llevándose a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio con cada una de ellas. Se encontró un único factor. La fiabilidad de la escala fue adecuada, así como la validez convergente, con correlaciones positivas y significativas con la versión modificada de la "Escala de tácticas de conflicto" (M-CTS; Neidig, 1986) que mide violencia física y verbal. También se encontraron diferencias significativas, en el sentido esperado, en la ECS en función de la edad y el sexo. La ECS constituye un instrumento adecuado para evaluar coerción sexual en relaciones de noviazgo en España

Sexual violence in youths' dating relationships does not fit the explanatory models existing in adults, hence the need to have instruments to analyze this particular type of behavior. In this study the psychometric properties of the Sexual Coercion Scale (ECS) were analyzed in a sample of 3665 youngsters between 16 and 24 years old. The sample was divided into two different subsamples, with an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for each one. Only one factor was found. The reliability of the scale was adequate, as well as the convergent validity, with positive and significant correlations with the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale (M-CTS; Neidig, 1986) that measures physical and verbal violence. Significant differences were also found in the ECS according to age and sex, as was expected. ECS is an appropriate instrument to evaluate sexual coercion in dating relationships in Spain

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This study explores the existence of different types of batterers in a sample of 266 men who had been court referred for intimate partner violence. The data collected in the assessment that have been used to perform a hierarchical and a two-step cluster analysis fall into three areas: aggression towards the partner, general aggression and presence of psychopathology and personality traits, more specifically, alcohol use, borderline and antisocial personality traits, psychopathy traits, state anger and trait anger, anger expression and control, anger, hostility, and, finally, impulsivity. The results show a typology consisting of 3 types of batterers on the basis of violence level and psychopathology: low (65%), moderate (27.8%) and high (7.1%). This study provides empirical support for the development of batterer typologies. These typologies will help achieve early detection of different types of batterers, allowing us to tailor interventions on the basis of the needs of each of the types.

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Prevention programs for dating partner aggression should be based on knowledge about when such aggression starts and how it changes. Given the very few studies regarding such trends, changes in physical, psychological, and sexual aggression against dating partners were examined in 14- to 20-year-old Spanish high school students (N = 2,016). Overall, psychological aggression increased linearly, whereas physical aggression had a negative quadratic association, peaking at 16 to 17 years for males and females. Sexual aggression was infrequent, but it spiked at age 16 for males. Although physical aggression diminished in late adolescence, injuries as a consequence of such aggression increased linearly for females, and they were also significantly higher for females (14.9%) than for males (3%) at ages 18 to 20 years. The findings support the hypothesis that dating physical aggression for males and females peaks during middle-to-late adolescence and shows a similar developmental pattern to other antisocial and criminal behaviors. Prevention of dating aggression, escalation of such aggression, and prevention of injury should consider developmental trends in dating aggression.

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El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue analizar la eficacia de un programa de prevención de la violencia en el noviazgo para modificar las actitudes que justifican la agresión y disminuir los comportamientos de agresión física y psicológica. Se empleó una muestra incidental de 104 estudiantes de instituto (52,9% mujeres), con una edad media de 15,44 años (DT= 1,12). Los participantes fueron evaluados a través de escalas de autoinforme aplicadas una semana antes y una semana después de la implementación del programa de prevención. Los resultados muestran una disminución significativa de las actitudes que justifican el uso de la agresión física y psicológica (tanto cuando son ejercidas por un hombre, p< 0,01; como por una mujer, p< 0,001), sin diferencias en función del sexo de los participantes y el nivel previo de agresión. No se produjeron cambios en las conductas de agresión. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos son esperanzadores, aunque estudios futuros deben aclarar el efecto del programa a largo plazo, especialmente en lo referente a los comportamientos agresivos (AU)

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a dating violence prevention program on attitudes justifying aggression and on physical and psychological aggressive behaviors. The study was conducted using a convenience sample of 104 high school students (52.9% females), with an average age of 15.44 years (SD= 1.12). Participants were assessed through self-report scales administered one week before and one week after program implementation. The results show a significant decrease in attitudes that justify the use of physical and psychological aggression in dating relationships (both when they are perpetrated by a male, p< .01, and when they are perpetrated by a female, p< .001), with no differences as a function of respondents’ sex or prior involvement in dating aggression. There were no changes in the levels of actual aggressive behaviors. It is concluded that the prevention program shows promise for preventing dating violence among adolescents. Nevertheless, future research is needed to clarify the long-term effect of the program, especially on aggressive behaviors

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Underreporting of intimate partner aggression is an important issue in the interpretation of self-reports of such aggression, especially by males. However, both males and females are less likely to report negative behaviors about themselves than about their partners. With 863 adolescents from Madrid, social desirability had a small but significant association with reports of dating aggression, but covariance corrections for social desirability did not alter the conclusions about such aggression. Using uncorrected or corrected means for social desirability, males engage in more sexual aggression against their partners and females engage in more psychological and physical aggression. Maximal dyadic reports based on reports by either self or partner significantly increased the rates of aggression, although conclusions about perpetration and victimization did not differ with this correction. Rates of aggression dropped roughly half when corrected for aggression in a joking context, but more females still reported engaging in physical aggression against their partners. The corrections one wishes to use depend upon the sample under study-i.e., adolescent versus adult populations-and one's research or clinical question, but the use of social desirability controls seems ill-founded. Finally, there is a need for in-depth interviews with both partners in dating relationships to determine more about the contextual factors associated with dating aggression and to assist in knowing what correction factors seem most valid.

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The objectives of this study were: (a) to examine the direct and indirect relationships among witnessing interparental violence, parenting practices, and children's long-term psychosocial adjustment; (b) to analyze the possible gender differences in the relationships specified. The sample consisted of 1295 Spanish university students (M age = 21.21, SD = 4.04). We performed statistical analyses using structural equation modeling. The results showed that witnessing parental violence as a child is related to poor long-term psychosocial adjustment during the child's adult years. Furthermore, we found that parenting practices fully mediated the relation between witnessing interparental violence and the child's long-term adjustment. The multigroup analyses showed that most of the relations among the variables did not differ significantly by gender. However, the relation between harsh discipline and antisocial behavior was stronger for males, whereas the relation between harsh discipline and depressive symptoms was stronger for females. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for the clinicians and specialists who plan and develop intervention programs for populations at risk.

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The objectives of this study were: (a) to examine the direct and indirect relationships among witnessing interparental violence, parenting practices, and children’s long-term psychosocial adjustment; (b) to analyze the possible gender differences in the relationships specified. The sample consisted of 1295 Spanish university students (M age = 21.21, SD = 4.04). We performed statistical analyses using structural equation modeling. The results showed that witnessing parental violence as a child is related to poor long-term psychosocial adjustment during the child’s adult years. Furthermore, we found that parenting practices fully mediated the relation between witnessing interparental violence and the child’s longterm adjustment. The multigroup analyses showed that most of the relations among the variables did not differ significantly by gender. However, the relation between harsh discipline and antisocial behavior was stronger for males, whereas the relation between harsh discipline and depressive symptoms was stronger for females. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for the clinicians and specialists who plan and develop intervention programs for populations at risk (AU)

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) analizar las relaciones directas e indirectas entre la exposición a la violencia marital, la conducta parental y el ajuste psicosocial a largo plazo de los hijos; b) examinar la posible existencia de diferencias en las relaciones analizadas en función del sexo del participante. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1295 estudiantes universitarios (74.4% mujeres; Medad = 21.21, DT = 4.04). Para analizar las hipótesis del estudio se estimaron varios modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los hallazgos sugieren que la relación entre violencia marital y ajuste psicosocial de los hijos a largo plazo se produce de forma indirecta a través de un deterioro de diversos aspectos de la conducta parental. Concretamente, las dimensiones de disciplina severa, afecto/apoyo parental y consistencia interparental e intraparental mediaron la relación entre la exposición a la violencia parental y sintomatología depresiva a largo plazo de los hijos. Por su parte, la disciplina severa y la consistencia intraparental mediaron la relación entre la violencia parental y las conductas antisociales. Los análisis por sexo revelaron que la mayoría de las relaciones observadas fueron similares entre hombres y mujeres. No obstante, la relación entre la disciplina severa y la conducta antisocial fue más fuerte para los varones, mientras que la asociación entre la disciplina severa y la sintomatología depresiva fue más elevada para las mujeres. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la planificación de programas de intervención con poblaciones de riesgo (AU)

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