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Objetivos: Comparar el rendimiento (total de muestras obtenidas) de nebulizadores ultrasónicos de flujo bajo y alto en la inducción de esputo en niños asmáticos, y valorar los efectos adversos asociados. Pacientes y métodos: Se nebulizó suero salino hipertónico a concentraciones crecientes (3%, 4%, 5%) utilizando nebulizadores ultrasónicos de bajo flujo (Omron NE-U07(R); flujo 1ml/min) y de alto flujo (Omron NE-U12(R); flujo 3 ml/min, y DeVilbiss Ultraneb 3000(R); flujo 2,5ml/min). Resultados: Se realizaron 49 inducciones en 49 pacientes entre 7 y 15 años de edad (en 15 niños se utilizó un nebulizador de bajo flujo y en 34 niños un nebulizador de alto flujo (Omron NEU12(R): 6 casos, DeVilbiss Ultraneb 3000(R): 28 casos). Se obtuvieron 37 muestras. Treinta y seis presentaban<20% de células escamosas y 26 tenían una viabilidad ≥60%. El rendimiento de la prueba fue mayor con los nebulizadores de alto flujo (85,3% de muestras), frente al 53% (p=0,04). El 69% de las muestras obtenidas con los nebulizadores de alto flujo fueron válidas, frente al 62,5% con el de bajo flujo (p=0,7). Con los nebulizadores de alto flujo disminuyó la incidencia de tos (17,6%, p=0,08) y de picor de ojos (0%, p=0,02), respecto al nebulizador de bajo flujo (47% y 20% respectivamente), aunque aumentó el sabor desagradable (82,3%, p<0,001) y la sialorrea (14,7%, p=0,3). Conclusiones: Con los nebulizadores ultrasónicos de alto flujo se consigue un mayor rendimiento de la técnica sin que se observe un aumento de efectos adversos significativos (AU)

Objective: To compare low and high flow nebulizers performance (total of samples) and its side effects on sputum induction in asthmatic children. Patients and methods: Sputum induction was performed by inhalation of a hypertonic saline solution at increasing concentrations (3%, 4% and 5%) using low flow (OMRON NE-U07(R); flow rate 1ml/min), or high flow (OMRON NE-U12(R); flow rate 3ml/min, and DeVilbiss Ultraneb 3000(R); flow rate 2.5ml/min) ultrasonic nebulizers. Results: We performed 49 inductions in 49 patients from 7 to 15 years old (in 15 children we used a low flow nebulizer (Omron NE-U07(R)) and in 34 children a high flow nebulizer (OMRON NEU12(R), 6 patients, and DeVilbiss Ultraneb 3000(R), 28 patients). We obtained 37 samples of which 36 had less than 20% of squamous cells, and 26 had a viability ≥60%. The test performance was higher with high-flow nebulizers, obtaining 85.3% of samples compared to 53% (p=0.04). A total of 69% of samples obtained with the high flow nebulizer were valid, compared to 62.5% (p=0.7) with the low flow nebulizers. With high flow rate nebulizers the incidence of cough (17.6%, p=0.08) and itchy eyes (0%, p=0.02) decreased with the low flow nebulizer (47% and 20% respectively), but bad taste (82.3%, p <0.001) and salivation (14.7%, p=0.3) increased. Conclusions: With high flow rate ultrasonic nebulizers we obtain a higher performance of the technique without an increase in significant side effects (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To compare low and high flow nebulizers performance (total of samples) and its side effects on sputum induction in asthmatic children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sputum induction was performed by inhalation of a hypertonic saline solution at increasing concentrations (3%, 4% and 5%) using low flow (OMRON NE-U07; flow rate 1ml/min), or high flow (OMRON NE-U12; flow rate 3ml/min, and DeVilbiss Ultraneb 3000; flow rate 2.5ml/min) ultrasonic nebulizers. RESULTS: We performed 49 inductions in 49 patients from 7 to 15 years old (in 15 children we used a low flow nebulizer (Omron NE-U07) and in 34 children a high flow nebulizer (OMRON NEU12, 6 patients, and DeVilbiss Ultraneb 3000, 28 patients). We obtained 37 samples of which 36 had less than 20% of squamous cells, and 26 had a viability > or =60%. The test performance was higher with high-flow nebulizers, obtaining 85.3% of samples compared to 53% (p=0.04). A total of 69% of samples obtained with the high flow nebulizer were valid, compared to 62.5% (p=0.7) with the low flow nebulizers. With high flow rate nebulizers the incidence of cough (17.6%, p=0.08) and itchy eyes (0%, p=0.02) decreased with the low flow nebulizer (47% and 20% respectively), but bad taste (82.3%, p <0.001) and salivation (14.7%, p=0.3) increased. CONCLUSIONS: With high flow rate ultrasonic nebulizers we obtain a higher performance of the technique without an increase in significant side effects.

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Bird fancier's or breeder's lung is an unusual hypersensitivity pneumonitis found in pediatric patients, due to avian antigen inhalation. A case of pigeon breeder's lung in a 12 years old child is presented. Clinical symptoms were dry cough for 15 days, dyspnea and weight loss. Physical examination of the patient showed cyanosis, chest tightness, tachypnea, inspiratory crackles and oxygen saturation of 91% in room air. Laboratory data revealed hypergammaglobulinemia and elevated LDH. Pulmonary function testing showed a mixed ventilatory pattern and a decreased carbon monoxide diffusion (DLCO) capacity. Radiological findings were compatible with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and pigeon IgG antibodies (ELISA) and skin tests with pigeon serum were positive. The child improved with corticoid therapy and antigen avoidance.

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El pulmón del cuidador de palomas es una neumonitis por hipersensibilidad poco frecuente en pediatría, que se desarrolla por inhalación de proteínas derivadas de las palomas. Presentamos un caso de pulmón de cuidador de palomas en un niño de 12 años. Refería tos seca de 15 días de evolución, disnea y pérdida de peso. A la exploración física, destacaba cianosis, tiraje intercostal y supraclavicular, taquipnea, subcrepitantes a la auscultación respiratoria y saturación de oxígeno del 91% a FiO2 ambiente. En la analítica de sangre destacaba hipergammaglobulinemia y aumento de lactato deshidrogenasa. Las pruebas funcionales respiratorias mostraron un patrón mixto con disminución de la difusión de monóxido de carbono (DLCO). Los hallazgos radiológicos fueron compatibles con el diagnóstico de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad y los anticuerpos de inmunoglobulina G a palomas (método ELISA) y los tests cutáneos con suero de paloma fueron positivos. El niño presentó una buena respuesta al tratamiento corticoideo y a la evitación del antígeno (AU)

Bird fancier’s or breeder’s lung is an unusual hypersensitivity pneumonitis found in pediatric patients, due to avian antigen inhalation. A case of pigeon breeder’s lung in a 12 years old child is presented. Clinical symptoms were dry cough for 15 days, dyspnea and weight loss. Physical examination of the patient showed cyanosis, chest tightness, tachypnea, inspiratory crackles and oxygen saturation of 91% in room air. Laboratory data revealed hypergammaglobulinemia and elevated LDH. Pulmonary function testing showed a mixed ventilatory pattern and a decreased carbon monoxide diffusion (DLCO) capacity. Radiological findings were compatible with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and pigeon IgG antibodies (ELISA) and skin tests with pigeon serum were positive. The child improved with corticoid therapy and antigen avoidance (AU)

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The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, clinical, histological and immunological characteristics, and the long-term outcome of polymyositis- (PM) and dermatomyositis- (DM) associated lung disease, and to define subgroups of lung-associated inflammatory myopathies. This retrospective study included 81 consecutive patients diagnosed with PM/DM. Pulmonary involvement was systematically investigated in relation to clinical symptoms by chest radiography, high resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function testing. Anti-synthetase autoantibodies (ASA) were analysed by ELISA and confirmed by protein and RNA immunoprecipitation methods. Statistical analyses were done with the Student t-test and Fisher exact test. Cumulative survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Fifty patients (61%) presented pulmonary involvement. Thirty-two (39%) had interstitial lung disease and five of them had devastating acute interstitial pneumonia with pneumomediastinum and an unfavorable prognosis. Histology showed diffuse alveolar damage in this subgroup and ASA were negative. Eighteen patients (22%) presented restrictive myopathic lung disease; in three of them respiratory muscles could not maintain ventilation. ASA were positive in 17 of the 50 patients (34%) and were significantly associated with interstitial lung disease (OR: 4.5 [95% CI: 1.3-15.3]), arthritis (OR: 6.0 [95% CI: 1.3-29.2]) and 'mechanic hands' (OR: 8.5 [95% CI: 1.7-41.4]); the presence of these autoantibodies did not imply worse survival prognosis. We concluded that clinical and immunological characteristics allowed the grouping of patients into different types of PM/DM lung-associated disease. Presence of ASA did not affect survival. ASA-negative patients with acute interstitial pneumonitis and pneumomediastinum had an unfavorable prognosis.

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Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Respiratory complications are a common feature, but ventilatory insufficiency is rare in these patients. We describe here three patients diagnosed with inflammatory myopathy (polymyositis) with respiratory failure due to muscle weakness who did not respond to immunosuppressive therapy. Mechanical ventilation at home with nasal or tracheal intermittent positive pressure resulted in improved chronic hypoventilation. This treatment improves the quality of life of patients with inflammatory myopathies and can be lifesaving in some cases.

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