RESUMEN

Introducción. La plagiocefalia no sinostósica es una condición de salud caracterizada por una asimetría de cráneo que tiene diversas consecuencias en el desarrollo. Los principales tratamientos son la kinesioterapia y el casco de moldeado craneal (CMC). Objetivo. Evidenciar la influencia de la kinesioterapia temprana en la necesidad de usar casco modelador craneal. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo en lactantes mayores de tres meses ingresados al Centro de Rehabilitación Integral de Carabineros (CRICAR) con diagnóstico confirmado de plagiocefalia mediante la técnica de craneometría. Se recopilaron datos de 39 pacientes diagnosticados con plagiocefalia, evaluados y tratados entre 2017 y 2019. Se dividieron en dos grupos, ingreso temprano (bajo los 5,5 meses de edad cronológica) e ingreso tardío (sobre los 5,5 meses de edad cronológica). Resultados. Al realizar un análisis bivariado, se obtuvo que 9 de 20 pacientes tuvieron que usar CMC en el grupo de ingreso tardío, y solo 4 de 19 pacientes en el grupo de ingreso temprano. Al contrastar la razón de riesgo de usar CMC en el grupo expuesto versus el grupo no expuesto se obtiene que es 3 veces mayor, sin embargo, esta diferencia no es estadísticamente significativa (OR=3.06, IC95% 0.6-16.8) Conclusiones. El principal resultado de este estudio es la disminución en la diferencia de diagonales evaluadas con craneometría. Además, se ha observado que en nuestra muestra el uso de CMC es tres veces mayor cuando el ingreso a terapia kinesiológica es tardío.

---

Introduction. Non-synostotic plagiocephaly is health condition characterized by a skull asymmetry that has various developmental consequences. The main treatments are kinesiotherapy and cranial molding helmet (CMH). The purpose of this study is to evidence the influence of early kinesiotherapy on the need to use CMH. Methods. A quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study of infants older than three months, admitted to the Carabineros Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center (CRICAR) since January 2017 with a confirmed diagnosis of plagiocephaly by craniometry technique was performed. Data were collected from 39 patients diagnosed with plagiocephaly, evaluated and treated between 2017 and 2019. They were divided into two groups, early admission (under 5.5 months of chronological age) and late admission (over 5.5 months of chronological age). Results. When performing a bivariate analysis, we obtained that 9 out of 20 patients had to use CMC in the late admission group, and only 4 out of 19 patients had to use it in the opposite group. When contrasting the oods ratio of using CMC in the exposed group versus the non-exposed group we obtain that it is 3 times higher, however, this difference is not statistically significant (OR=3.06, IC95% 0.6-16.8). Conclusions. The main result of this study is the decrease in the difference in diagonals assessed with craniometry. In addition, it has been observed that in our sample the use of CMC is three times higher when admission to physical therapy is late.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission has been investigated extensively. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) published strict criteria to classify the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 into different categories. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of vertical transmission in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive women. METHODS: Pregnant women attending for delivery at a perinatology center in Mexico City, Mexico, who had a SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swab 24-48 h before delivery, were asymptomatic at the time of the test and had an obstetric indication for Cesarean section were eligible for inclusion in this study. Amniotic fluid was collected during Cesarean delivery, and neonatal oral and rectal swabs were collected at birth and at 24 h after birth. SARS-CoV-2 detection was carried out using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in all samples. Relevant medical information was retrieved from clinical records. The WHO criteria for classifying the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were applied to the study population. RESULTS: Forty-two SARS-CoV-2-positive asymptomatic pregnant women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five (59%) women developed mild disease after discharge. Neonatal death occurred in three (7%) cases, of which one had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test at birth and none had coronavirus disease 2019-related symptoms. There were five (12%) cases with strong evidence of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2, according to the WHO criteria, as amniotic fluid samples and neonatal samples at birth and at 24 h after birth were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our results also showed that 40-60% of infected neonates would have been undetected if only one swab (oral or rectal) was tested. CONCLUSION: This study contributes evidence to reinforce the potential for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in asymptomatic women and highlights the importance of testing more than one neonatal sample in order to increase the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in affected cases. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19/transmisión , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Adulto , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiología , Prueba de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Cesárea , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tamizaje Neonatal , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidad

RESUMEN

Although, antibiotics are effective in the treatment of bovine mastitis, they do not address the regeneration of mammary glandular tissue and have been associated to the increment in antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Considering the necessity of alternative therapies for this disease of high economic impact and the reported regenerative and antibacterial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs), we evaluated the safety and efficacy of an allogenic MSC-based intramammary therapy in dairy cows with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus clinical mastitis. In a safety trial, heifers were inoculated intramammarily with a 2.5 × 107-suspension of bovine fetal AT-MSCs on experimental days 1 and 10. Animals were evaluated clinically on a daily basis during a 20-day experimental period and blood samples were collected for hemogram determination and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) isolation. In an efficacy trial, Holstein Friesian cows were inoculated with S. aureus and treated intramammarily with vehicle (NEG; days 4 and 10), antibiotics (ATB; days 4 and 5) or a suspension of 2.5 × 107 AT-MSCs (MSC; days 4 and 5). Cows were clinically evaluated daily and milk samples were collected for somatic cell count (SCC) and colony forming units (CFU). Blood samples were collected for serum haptoglobin and amyloid A determination. Intramammary administration of two doses of bovine fetal AT-MSCs in healthy cows did not induce changes in clinical or hematological variables, and gene expression profiles in PBLs associated to activation (CD4, CD8, CD25, CD62L and CD69) and proinflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5, IL2, CXCL3, IFNγ, and TNFα). Quarters of MSC group of cows had similar SCC log/mL in milk compared to infected quarters of ATB or NEG cows. However, quarters of MSC cows had lower CFU log/mL in milk compared to quarters of NEG cows. Intramammarily inoculation of repeated doses of 2.5 × 107 allogenic AT-MSCs did not induce clinical or immunological response in healthy cows. Moreover, MSC-intramammary treatment reduced bacterial count in milk of cows with S. aureus clinical mastitis compared to untreated cows. This work provides initial evidence for the safety and efficacy of an allogenic MSC-based intramammary therapy for the treatment of bovine mastitis.

Asunto(s)

Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos , Mastitis Bovina/terapia , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Lactancia/fisiología , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/microbiología , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/patología , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Mastitis Bovina/patología , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Leche/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/patología , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad

RESUMEN

The disease caused by the influenza virus is a global public health problem due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Thus, analysis of the information generated by epidemiological surveillance systems has vital importance for health decision making. A retrospective analysis was performed using data generated by the four molecular diagnostic laboratories of the Mexican Social Security Institute between 2010 and 2016. Demographics, influenza positivity, seasonality, treatment choices and vaccination status analyses were performed for the vaccine according to its composition for each season. In all cases, both the different influenza subtypes and different age groups were considered separately. The circulation of A/H1N1pdm09 (48.7%), influenza A/H3N2 (21.1%), influenza B (12.6%), influenza A not subtyped (11%) and influenza A/H1N1 (6.6%) exhibited well-defined annual seasonality between November and March, and there were significant increases in the number of cases every 2 years. An inadequate use of oseltamivir was determined in 38% of cases, and the vaccination status in general varied between 12.1 and 18.5% depending on the season. Our results provide current information about influenza in Mexico and demonstrate the need to update both operational case definitions and medical practice guidelines to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics and antivirals.

Asunto(s)

Virus de la Influenza A/fisiología , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Laboratorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Gripe Humana/virología , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estaciones del Año , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

In vitro gamete derivation based on differentiation of germ cells (GC) from stem cells has emerged as a potential new strategy for the treatment of male infertility. This technology also has potential applications in animal reproduction as an alternative method for dissemination of elite animal genetics, production of transgenic animals, and conservation of endangered species. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent progenitor cells defined by their ability to differentiate into mesodermal lineages. Under the effect of selected bioactive factors, MSC upregulate expression of pluripotent and GC specific-markers revealing their potential for GC differentiation. In addition to the effect of trophic factors, cell-to-cell interaction with Sertoli cells (SC) may be required to guide the sequential differentiation of MSC into GC. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of coculture with SC on the potential for in vitro GC differentiation of bovine fetal MSC (bfMSC) derived from bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue (AT-MSC). bfMSC were isolated from male bovine fetuses and SC were collected from adult bull testes. The effect of SC interaction with BM-MSC or AT-MSC was analyzed on the expression of pluripotent factors OCT4 and NANOG, GC genes FRAGILLIS, STELLA and VASA and male GC markers DAZL, PIWIL2, STRA8 and SCP3 at Day 14 of coculture. Flow cytometry analyses detected that the majority (95,5% ±â€¯2.5; P < 0.05) of the isolated population of SC cultures were positive for SC-specific marker WT1. Levels of mRNA of WT1 in BM-MSC and AT-MSC were lower (P < 0.05) compared to SC; whereas, WT1 expression was not detected in bovine fetal fibroblasts (FB). Cocultures of BM-MSC and AT-MSC with SC had higher (P < 0.05) OCT4 mRNA levels compared to monocultures of BM-MSC, AT-MSC and SC. Moreover, cocultures of BM-MSC with SC had higher (P < 0.05) proportion of cells positive for Oct4 and Nanog compared to monocultures of BM-MSC and SC. Levels of mRNA of DAZL, PIWIL2 and SCP3 were upregulated in cocultures of AT-MSC with SC compared to monocultures of AT-MSC and SC. Accordingly, the proportion of cells positive for Dazl were higher (P < 0.05) in cocultures of AT-MSC with SC compared to monocultures of AT-MSC and SC. Changes in gene expression profiles during coculture of SC with AT-MSC suggest that cell-to-cell interaction or bioactive factors provided by SC may induce progression of AT-MSC into early stages of GC differentiation.

Asunto(s)

Bovinos , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Técnicas de Cocultivo/veterinaria , Células Germinativas/fisiología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/fisiología , Células de Sertoli/fisiología , Animales , Linaje de la Célula , Masculino

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel has been used frequently for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) for ovarian carcinomatosis. Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC are associated with high rates of morbidity being anastomotic dehiscence one of the most frequent. The objective of this study is to quantify the effect of Paclitaxel-based HIPEC on colonic anastomosis in an experimental rat model. METHODS: After left colon resection and anastomosis, animals were randomized into four groups: Controls (C); Hyperthermia (H); Normothermic Intraperitoneal Paclitaxel (CP) and Paclitaxel-based HIPEC (HP). On postoperative day four, animals' peritoneal cavities were examined macroscopically, colon anastomosis burst pressures measured and specimens analyzed histologically. RESULTS: Thirty-nine animals were randomized and 36 were included in the analysis. H group presented the highest burst pressure 105.11 ± 22.9 mmHg, which was 27% higher than C (77.89 ± 27.6 mmHg). On the other hand, HP presented the lowest burst pressure 64 ± 26 mmHg, 16% lower than C group and 39% lower than H, being this latter difference statistically significant (p = 0.004). There were no significant differences regarding weight loss, adhesion scores, perianastomotic abscesses and histological findings (inflammation, fibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, and collagen among groups). CONCLUSION: Strength of colonic anastomosis was improved by isolated hyperthermia and negatively affected by Paclitaxel-based HIPEC.

Asunto(s)

Fuga Anastomótica/etiología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/efectos adversos , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertermia Inducida , Paclitaxel/efectos adversos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Colon/patología , Colon/cirugía , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Ratas Sprague-Dawley

RESUMEN

Aging is a physiological decline process. The number of older adults is growing around the world; therefore, the incidence of cognitive impairment, dementia, and other diseases related to aging increases. The main cellular factors that converge in the aging process are mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidant impairment, inflammation, and immune response decline, among others. In this context, these cellular changes have an influence on the kynurenine pathway (KP), the main route of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. KP metabolites have been involved in the aging process and neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are changes in the metabolite levels with age, at this time, there is no study that has evaluated cognitive decline as a consequence of Trp catabolism fluctuation in aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the changes in Trp catabolism and cognitive impairment associated with age through KP metabolites level alterations in women over 50 years of age. Seventy-seven nondemented women over 50 years old were examined with a standardized cognitive screening evaluation in Spanish language (Neuropsi), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Also, serum levels of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and 3-hydroykynurenine (3-HK) and the glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) were measured. Results showed a negative correlation between age and Trp levels and a positive correlation between age and KYNA/Trp and 3-HK/Trp ratios. The level of cognitive impairment showed a significant positive association with age and with kynurenine pathway activation and a significant negative correlation with Trp levels. The GSH/GSSG ratio correlated positively with Trp levels and negatively with Kyn/Trp and 3-HK/Trp ratios. The depression score correlated negatively with Trp and positively with the 3-HK/Trp ratio. We concluded that KP activation increases with age and it is strongly associated with the level of cognition performance in nondemented women over 50 years of age.

Asunto(s)

Cognición/fisiología , Triptófano/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Ácido Quinurénico/sangre , Quinurenina/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ácido Quinolínico/sangre

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the photon field effective energy (Eeff ) distribution and percentage depth-dose (PDD) within a mammography phantom by the analysis of the CaF2 :Tm (TLD-300) thermoluminescent (TL) glow curve. The experimental procedure involves the use of TLD-300 to determine with single dosimeter exposures both the relative dose and the beam quality. METHODS: TLD-300 chips were exposed to x rays from a GE Senographe 2000D mammography unit at the surface and different depths within a BR12 phantom. X-ray beams were generated with Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, and Rh/Rh anode/filter combinations and voltages between 25 and 34 kV. Glow curves were deconvoluted into component peaks and the high- to low-temperature ratio (HLTR) was evaluated. The photon field Eeff was obtained from the HLTR values using a calibration curve determined previously. PDD was established from the peak 5 TL signal (TLSP5 ) at depths between 0.0 and 3.5 cm inside the phantom. Taking into account the differences in density and composition between CaF2 :Tm and breast tissue, an energy-dependent correction factor (ß(E)) was applied to TLSP5 . Measurements were compared with radiation transport Monte Carlo (MC) simulations performed with PENELOPE-2008. RESULTS: A typical 5% change in the HLTR from the phantom top surface to 3.5 cm depth was measured, which corresponds to a 2.2 keV increase in photon field Eeff . Values of the ß(E) correction factor were 0.33 and 0.13 for Eeff equal to 15.1 and 22.5 keV, respectively. This strong energy dependence of ß(E) is mostly due to the differences in fluence attenuation between CaF2 and breast tissue. According to PDD measurements, dose decreased to half the surface value at depths between 0.7 and 1.0 cm for Mo/Mo/25 and Rh/Rh/34 beams, respectively. Values of PDD, less than 10% at 3.5 cm depth, would have been overestimated by about 3.5% (a large relative error) if an energy-independent correction factor had been assumed. Mean differences between experiments and MC simulations were 0.8 keV and 1.2% in the determination of Eeff and PDD, respectively. CONCLUSION: The TLD-300 glow curve was used to accurately measure the photon field Eeff and PDD within a mammographic phantom. This work has demonstrated that Eeff and dose can be established simultaneously by using solely TLD-300.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/diagnóstico por imagen , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Cerebro/diagnóstico por imagen

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Recently neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to be inflammatory parameters that confer poorer outcome in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCPRPC). However, these ratios have not been analyzed in patients treated with abiraterone acetate. We explored the relationship between different values of PLR and NLR and survival in mCPRCP treated with abiraterone and their possible relation with a prostate specific antigen (PSA) response. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 101 patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone from January of 2012 to November of 2015 in two different hospitals. A cut-off value of 5 for NLR and 150 for PLR were used to compare survival by Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, an association between these cut-off values and the PSA response was analyzed by a χ 2 test. RESULTS: In the case of NLR, the median DFS were 12, 1 months for NLR <5 and 7 months for NLR ≥5, p = 0.061. The median OS were 23.9 months for NLR <5 and 16.3 months for NLR ≥5, p = 0.046. In the case of PLR, the median DFS were 11.8 months for PLR <150 and 10.6 months for PLR ≥150, p = 0.549. The median OS were 27.4 months for PLR <150 and 15.9 months for PLR ≥150, p = 0.005. It was not observed a correlation between the different cut-off values of PLR or NLR and a PSA response ≥25% (p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: It is shown a better prognostic relationship between PLR and NLR low values and OS that is statistically significant in mCPRC patients treated with abiraterone. Furthermore, it was not shown a relation between PLR and NLR values and PSA response.

Asunto(s)

Acetato de Abiraterona/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Plaquetas/patología , Linfocitos/patología , Neutrófilos/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia

RESUMEN

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, which causes lower respiratory tract infections in neonates and children younger than 5 years. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of HRSV, isolated from a nasopharyngeal swab of a pregnant woman with cardiac complications.

RESUMEN

We study the high- to low- temperature signal ratio (HLTR) of the CaF2:Tm glow curve as a function of beam quality for low-energy photon beams with effective energy between 15.2 and 33.6 keV, generated with W, Mo and Rh anodes. CaF2:Tm dosemeters (TLD-300) were exposed to x-rays and (60)Co gamma-rays. Glow curves were deconvoluted into 7 peaks, using computerized glow curve deconvolution and HLTR was evaluated. Air kerma and dose in water were between 2.1-15.0 mGy and 49.8-373.8 mGy, respectively. All peaks in the glow curve showed a linear response with respect to air kerma and dose in water. HLTR values decreased monotonically between 1.029 ± 0.010 (at 15.2 keV) and 0.821 ± 0.011 (33.6 keV), and no effects due to the use of different anode/filter combinations were observed. The results indicate a relatively high value of HLTR (about 1 for 17 keV effective energy, or 3 keV µm(-1) track-average LET) and a measurable dependence on the photon beam quality. Comparison of these photon data with HLTR for ions shows good quantitative agreement. The reported evolution of the CaF2:Tm glow curve could facilitate the estimation of the effective energy of unknown photon fields by this technique.

Asunto(s)

Fotones , Dosimetría Termoluminiscente/métodos , Fluoruro de Calcio/química , Rayos gamma , Dosis de Radiación , Talio/química , Dosimetría Termoluminiscente/instrumentación , Rayos X

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Low cognitive performance has been associated with a wide array of adverse health-related outcomes in elderly populations. Recently, the effect of vitamin D on cognition has been studied; however, its benefits are still controversial. Moreover, most studies have been carried out on North-American and European populations where vitamin D deficiency could represent a greater public-health issue when compared to Latin American ones. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between 25-OH-vitamin D and cognitive performance in Mexican community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study sample of 331 community-dwelling elderly aged 70 and older, participating in the Mexican Study of Nutritional and Psychosocial Markers of Frailty. MEASUREMENTS: Serum 25-OH-vitamin D, cognitive performance as per the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the IST (Isaacs Set Test), as well as several elements from the comprehensive geriatric assessment. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 79.3 years (SD 5.9), 54.1% were women. The mean serum 25-OH-vitamin D level was 59.0 (SD 23.3) nmol/L while mean MMSE score was 22.3 (SD 3.4) and mean IST score was 37.1 (SD 9.1). Although 25-OH-vitamin D levels were lower across all the definitions of low cognitive perfomance, the difference between groups was not statistically significant in any of them. CONCLUSION: No association between 25-OH-vitamin D level and cognitive performance was found in this population of Mexican community-dwelling elderly. Further investigation is required in order to clarify its existence and if so, to delineate its characteristics.

RESUMEN

The perovskite-like LiMgF(3):ErF(3) pellets were obtained from the melt formed by LiF and MgF(2) mixed salts in the stoichiometric ratio. The perovskite material was doped with 1, 2 and 4 mol% of ErF(3) impurity. The pellets samples were (60)Co gamma irradiated and their thermoluminescence (TL) properties were analyzed, i.e., dose-response, fading at RT and under UV irradiation, TL signal reproducibility, and kinetic parameters. The intensity of the TL response against irradiation dose was increased remarkably by the high concentration of impurity, and a linear dose-response was observed in the range of 1-10 Gy. The fading observed at RT was about 10-30% after 24h from irradiation. All samples were exposed from 1 to 200 Gy gamma dose range. The TL glow peaks were found around 367-376, 438-447, 509-521, and 594-611 K, when the doped samples were 1, 2 and 4 mol% of the erbium impurity concentration. The thermoluminescence kinetics parameters of the glow curves have been analyzed using the Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD) method.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of the absorbed dose measured with Gafchromic EBT2 film in low-energy photon radiation fieldsMethods: Six EBT2 film (lot # F06110901) pieces (1cm2 ) per dose were exposed to x-rays of 50 kV, 80 kV, 120 kV and 60Co gamma rays from a Leksell Gamma Knife at dose values from 50 mGy to 100 Gy. The x-ray beams were calibrated following the AAPMTG-61 protocol using ionization chambers calibrated at NIST or Wisconsin University depending on the beam quality, while the 60Co gamma was calibrated in water using MD-V2-55 film. Each film piece was scanned once using a HP Scanjet 7650 document flatbed scanner in transmission mode, 48-bit color at 300 dpi spatial-resolution. The data analysis was made through the ImageJ. The measured light intensity for the red channel with its associate standard deviation was used to evaluate the netOD and its standard combined uncertainty. The absorbed dose as a function of the netOD was fitted using the logistic model and the relative combined uncertainties were evaluated for each energy photon beam. RESULTS: EBT2 film response curve depends on the low-energy photons and the degree of energy-dependence is a function of absorbed dose. The absorbed dose relative combined uncertainty as a function of the absorbed dose indicates that the minimum absorbed dose limit is also energy dependent. Lower is the energy photon; more accurate is the measurement at low dose value. This can be explain by the fact that comparing to high energy photons, low energy photons can produce locally enough ionization density to create more color centre in the same film area. CONCLUSIONS: Minimum absorbed dose limit of Gafchromic EBT2 films were found to be energy dependent. The response curve depends on the low-energy photons and the degree of energy-dependence is a function of absorbed dose This work is partially supported by DGAPA-UNAM grant IN102610 and Conacyt Mexico grant 127409.

RESUMEN

El síndrome antifosfolípidos (SAFL) es una trombofilia adquirida auto inmune, caracterizada por la ocurrencia de trombosis arteriales y/o venosas y abortos recurrentes. En raras ocasiones este cuadro puede tener una presentación catastrófica, con compromiso de microangiopatía y un curso grave de muy alta mortalidad. La frecuencia de este cuadro es menor al 1 por ciento de los SAFL, y cuando ocurre el compromiso de tres órganos se denomina síndrome antifosfolípido catastrófico (SAFC). Presentamos el caso de un paciente que debuta con una insuficiencia renal de rápida progresión, asociado a trombocitopenia y accidentes vasculares, en el cual se demuestra la presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos. Se maneja con plasmaféresis, anticoagulación e inmunosupresión con excelente respuesta. Este caso es de interés por presentar un diagnóstico infrecuente de insuficiencia renal, cuyo manejo oportuno y agresivo puede cambiar el pronóstico sombrío publicado en la literatura.

Asunto(s)

Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/diagnóstico , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/inmunología , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/terapia , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Catastrófica , Evolución Clínica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/etiología , Plasmaféresis , Insuficiencia Renal , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pruebas Inmunológicas

RESUMEN

Objetivo: analizar las características clínicas, frecuencia de efectos adversos y la necesidad de intervenciones terapéuticas durante el traslado interhospitalario de pacientes pediátricos. Pacientes y método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 113 transportes interhospitalarios de niños (edad media 3,8 años) realizados por el sistema de atención médico de urgencia (SAMU) del Hospital Higueras de Talcahuano. Resultados: el trauma con o sin compromiso encefálico (29,2 por ciento), la patología respiratoria que requiere ventilación asistida (26,5 por ciento), la patología neurológica no traumática (17 por ciento) y la patología neonatal (13,3 por ciento) constituyeron las principales causas de traslado. Los eventos adversos se presentaron en 12,4 por ciento de los traslados siendo el más habitual la desaturación de oxígeno con la consiguiente necesidad de aumentar su fracción inspirada

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Adolescente , Transferencia de Pacientes , Transporte de Pacientes , Tratamiento de Urgencia , Hospitales Pediátricos/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To know the cost generated by nosocomial infections, to establish the proportion of the total hospital budget used in extra-days of stay, drugs, laboratory and others items used for the treatment. METHODS: We studied 131 nosocomial infections in 82 patients attended in hospital's departments from June to August 1995. We evaluated days of stay, type of infection, episodes per patient, drugs, laboratory, and others items used in the treatment of nosocomial infections. We took percentage of cost of every point and the mean of the total cost generated by year cause nosocomial infections and a cost per infection in every department. RESULTS: The total overtime of stay was 970 days, mean per infection was 7.4. Totals days of antimicrobials was 974, mean was 11.9 days per infection. The hospital processed 410 laboratory studies, 191 cabinet studies. The total cost generated by overtime stay was $3,415,860.00, and considering also drugs, laboratory and cabinet studies $3,516,421.00. CONCLUSIONS: The cost of the nosocomial infections depends on the overtime stay, drugs, laboratory and cabinet studies needed for their treatment. Neonatology generated presented more than one infection generating higher cost. Total cost in 3 months was $3'516,421.00, nosocomial infections would take $14'065,684.00 in a year, involving 12.1% of the hospital total budget. Preventive measures must be taken trying to diminish these costs.

Asunto(s)

Infección Hospitalaria/economía , Adolescente , Antiinfecciosos/economía , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnóstico , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Femenino , Costos de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Tiempo de Internación/economía , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , México/epidemiología

RESUMEN

The worldwide geographic and ethnic clustering of patients with diseases related to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) may be explained by the natural history of HTLV-I infection. The genetic characteristics of indigenous people in the Andes are similar to those of the Japanese, and HTLV-I is generally detected in both groups. To clarify the common origin of HTLV-I in Asia and the Andes, we analyzed HTLV-I provirus DNA from Andean mummies about 1,500 years old. Two of 104 mummy bone marrow specimens yielded a band of human beta-globin gene DNA 110 base pairs in length, and one of these two produced bands of HTLV-I-pX (open reading frame encoding p40x, p27x) and HTLV-I-LTR (long terminal repeat) gene DNA 159 base pairs and 157 base pairs in length, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of ancient HTLV-I-pX and HTLV-I-LTR clones isolated from mummy bone marrow were similar to those in contemporary Andeans and Japanese, although there was microheterogeneity in the sequences of some mummy DNA clones. This result provides evidence that HTLV-I was carried with ancient Mongoloids to the Andes before the Colonial era. Analysis of ancient HTLV-I sequences could be a useful tool for studying the history of human retroviral infection as well as human prehistoric migration.

Asunto(s)

ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por HTLV-I/historia , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Momias/virología , Factores de Transcripción , Pueblo Asiatico/historia , Secuencia de Bases , Chile , Clonación Molecular , ADN/genética , ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Cartilla de ADN/genética , ADN Viral/genética , Evolución Molecular , Genes pX , Globinas/genética , Infecciones por HTLV-I/virología , Historia Antigua , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Provirus/genética , Provirus/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Oncogénicas de Retroviridae/genética , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Secuencias Repetidas Terminales , Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales

RESUMEN

La colitis ulcerativa crónica inespecífica (CUCI) es un padecimiento de adultos jóvenes. Del 20 al 40 por ciento de los casos se presenta antes de los 20 años de edad, teniendo una incidencia mayor en la adolescencia y sólo el 2 por ciento de los casos se manifiestan antes de los nueve años de edad. Se presentan dos casos de CUCI de inicio en la infancia, el primero de los casos se manifestó a los seis años de edad, con evacuaciones mucosanguinolientas de evolución prolongada. El segundo de los casos se presentó en un niño de dos años de edad con evacuaciones diarréicas con un número elevado de leucocitos en el frotis de heces; en ambos casos el diagnóstico se estableció por medio de colonoscopía con toma de biopsias

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Colitis Ulcerosa/diagnóstico , Colitis Ulcerosa/fisiopatología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pediatría