RESUMEN
Sex hormone receptors play critical roles in development and reproduction. However, it is not known whether they exist in Raillietina tapeworms, and if they do, whether they have a similar function to that in vertebrates. We examined the immunohistochemical distributions of androgen receptors (ARs), estrogen receptors (ERs), and progesterone receptors (PRs) in the tissues of two tapeworm species: Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona. Immunopositive ARs were found in the entire reproductive system of R. echinobothrida, including the testes, ovaries, and oocysts, and weakly immunopositive ERs and PRs were found in the testes, ovaries, and oocysts. Immunopositive ARs were also found throughout the entire reproductive system of R. tetragona, including the testes, ovaries, and oocysts, and weakly immunopositive ERs were in the testes and oocysts; the PRs were distributed in an immunonegative manner. The results show that androgens and their receptors play critical roles in reproductive system development in the two tapeworms. The immunoreactivity and tissue localizations of the sex hormone receptors suggest that, in both species, they have similar functions as in vertebrates, and modulate reproduction.
Asunto(s)
Cestodos/metabolismo , Andrógenos/metabolismo , Animales , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismoRESUMEN
Imidazole derivative KK-42 is a well-known regulator of insect growth. KK-42 pretreatment has been shown to promote the survival of Macrobrachium nipponense infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, possibly via activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this study, the cytMnSOD gene was cloned from the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. The full-length cDNA of cytMnSOD was 1233 bp long, and the open reading frame was 858 bp long, encoding a 286-aa protein with a 60-aa leader sequence. The calculated molecular mass of the translated cytMnSOD protein was 31.33 kDa, with an estimated isoelectric point of 5.62. cytMnSOD contained two N-glycosylation sites, four conserved amino acids responsible for binding manganese, and a manganese SOD domain (DVWEHAYY). Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that cytMnSOD was expressed in all tissues examined with the highest expression observed in the hepatopancreas. Levels of the cytMnSOD transcript in the hepatopancreas were highest in stage C of the molting cycle. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that cytMnSOD expression increased significantly 3, 6, and 12 h after KK-42 treatment, with simultaneous increases in SOD activity from 6 to 12 h. Our results demonstrate that cytMnSOD expression and SOD activity may be induced by KK-42, which may represent one of the molecular mechanisms through which KK-42 promotes increased survival of prawns infected with A. hydrophila.
Asunto(s)
Hepatopáncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Hormonas Juveniles/farmacología , Palaemonidae/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Aeromonas hydrophila/crecimiento & desarrollo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Citosol/efectos de los fármacos , Citosol/enzimología , Citosol/inmunología , Citosol/microbiología , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Hepatopáncreas/enzimología , Hepatopáncreas/inmunología , Hepatopáncreas/microbiología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Peso Molecular , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Palaemonidae/genética , Palaemonidae/inmunología , Palaemonidae/microbiología , Dominios Proteicos , Señales de Clasificación de Proteína , ARN Mensajero/inmunología , Superóxido Dismutasa/inmunología , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the abilities of cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1 (CDMP1) transgenic cell sheets in repairing rabbit cartilage defects. Rabbit CDMP1 transgenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheets (CDMP1-BMSCs) were cultured on temperature-sensitive culture dishes, and CDMP1 expression and type II collagen protein in the cell sheets were detected. Tissue-engineered cell sheets were constructed and transplanted into defect rabbit thyroid cartilage, to investigate the expression of engineered cartilage collagen protein and proteoglycan (GAG). The experiment was divided into three groups; A) BMSC sheet, B) Ad-CMV-eGFP-transfected cell sheet, and C) Ad-CMV-hCDMP1-IRES-eGFP-transfected cell sheet. The expression of CDMP1 was detected in the transgenic cell sheets. The engineered cartilage exhibited positive immunohistochemical and Alcian blue staining. The expression levels of type II collagen protein and GAG in group A were positive, whereas those in group B and group C were negative (P < 0.05). The CDMP1-BMSC sheets had a good cartilage differentiation activity, and could effectively repair rabbit laryngeal cartilage defects.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago/fisiología , Factor 5 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/genética , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Regeneración , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Cartílago/citología , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Factor 5 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/metabolismo , Masculino , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Conejos , Andamios del Tejido/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the association between three FTO polymorphisms (rs9939609, rs8057044, and rs1421085) and metabolic syndrome (MS)-related outcomes in the low-income, rural, nomadic minority Khazakh population in far western China. A total of 489 subjects (245 MS patients, 244 controls) were included in the study and DNA samples were genotyped for the three polymorphisms by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The frequencies of the rs1421085 and rs9939609 genotypes and alleles did not differ significantly between MS patients and control, while the frequencies of rs8057044 G alleles and GG genotypes were higher in MS patients (P < 0.05) than in control subjects (G: 61.16 vs 53.53%, GG: 39.07 vs 29.05%) and the frequencies of rs8057044 A genotypes and alleles were lower (P < 0.05) in MS patients compared with controls (AA: 17.36 vs 21.99%, A: 38.84 vs 46.47%). Risk analysis of the rs8057044 polymorphism revealed individuals with GA and GG genotypes to have 1.112 and 1.731 times higher risks of developing MS than those with the AA genotype, respectively, while the G allele was found to be associated with a 1.367 times higher risk of developing MS compared with the A allele. These apparent correlations, however, did not hold true when adjusted for BMI. Weight, WC, HC, and BMI differed significantly between rs8057044 GG and AA+GA genotypes (P < 0.05).
Asunto(s)
Estudios de Asociación Genética , Síndrome Metabólico/genética , Obesidad/genética , Proteínas/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato , Pueblo Asiatico , China , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/patología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
We investigated the expression and distribution of N-cadherin during the development of a rat heart. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression and distribution of N-cadherin in the myocardial tissues of rats at embryonic day 18 (E18d), postnatal day 5 (P5d), postnatal day 19 (P19d), postnatal day 40 (P40d), and postnatal year 1 (P1y). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin in the myocardial tissues at E18d, P5d, P19d, P40d, and P1y. The IHC results showed that at E18d N-cadherin was dispersedly distributed both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of the myocardial cells, and gradually became concentrated at the end-to-end intercalated discs of the cardiomyocytes from birth through immaturity. In the young, middle-aged, and old rats, N-cadherin was typically distributed at the intercalated discs at the end of the myocardial cells. No significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin were detected in the myocardial tissue of rats at E18d, P5d, P19d, P40d, and P1y. During the development of the rat heart, observable changes in the distribution of N-cadherin occurred in the myocardial tissues, but there were no detectable changes in the expression of N-cadherin, indicating that N-cadherin is indispensable to maintaining the physical structure and function of the heart.
Asunto(s)
Cadherinas/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Corazón/embriología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , RatasRESUMEN
We reported a rare case of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) in this study. Through dynamic evaluation of the vaginal micro-ecosystem, we found that only depuratory degree, spores, blastospores, and hyphae were specific indicators and the "barometer" of RVVC development. Therefore, an understanding of vaginal micro-ecological changes can help clinicians to improve the treatment of patients with RVVC.