RESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a single dosage of esketamine injection in the anesthesia period could improve postoperative negative emotions and early cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery. DESIGN: A prospective single center double blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Perioperative period; operating room, post anesthesia care unit and hospital ward. PATIENTS: 129 adult patients that underwent elective non-cardiac thoracic surgery under general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: During the operation, pharmacologic prevention of postoperative negative emotion and early cognitive disorder with 0.2 mg/kg (Low esketamine group) and 0.5 mg/kg esketamine (High esketamine group) vs. placebo. MEASUREMENTS: Emotion and early cognitive performance were assessed on the day before surgery (POD-1), postoperative day 1 (POD1) and day 3 (POD3) using HADS-A, HADS-D, Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and serum biomarkers (S100ß, BDNF, IL-6, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine). MAIN RESULTS: The high esketamine group showed significantly lower HADS-A and HADS-D scores than control group on POD1 and POD3. No significant differences were observed between the low esketamine group and the control group. The esketamine-treated groups showed lower pain VAS scores than the control group at 2 h and on the first day after operation. There were no significant differences among the three groups in CAM and MMSE scores. However, the high esketamine group had lower S100ß and IL-6 levels, and higher BDNF levels postoperatively, while serum acetylcholine and norepinephrine were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: A single intraoperative injection of 0.5 mg/kg esketamine can alleviate postoperative anxiety, depression, and pain to some extent. Although cognitive function behavioral evaluation did not show obvious benefits, it can also reduce the production of pro-inflammatory and brain injury-related factors while promoting the generation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Registration Trial registry: http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Identifier: ChiCTR2100047067.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia General , Ketamina , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Torácicos , Humanos , Ketamina/administración & dosificación , Ketamina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Femenino , Método Doble Ciego , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Torácicos/efectos adversos , Anestesia General/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Cognitivas Postoperatorias/prevención & control , Complicaciones Cognitivas Postoperatorias/etiología , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Emociones/efectos de los fármacos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Dimensión del Dolor , Adulto , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangreRESUMEN
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) holds a crucial position as one of the staple foods globally, however, its yields are frequently impacted by environmental stresses. In the realm of plant evolution and the response to abiotic stress, the RNA helicase family assumes a significant role. Despite this importance, a comprehensive understanding of the RNA helicase gene family in sweetpotato has been lacking. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the sweetpotato RNA helicase family, encompassing aspects such as chromosome distribution, promoter elements, and motif compositions. This study aims to shed light on the intricate mechanisms underlying the stress responses and evolutionary adaptations in sweetpotato, thereby facilitating the development of strategies for enhancing its resilience and productivity. 300 RNA helicase genes were identified in sweetpotato and categorized into three subfamilies, namely IbDEAD, IbDEAH and IbDExDH. The collinearity relationship between the sweetpotato RNA helicase gene and 8 related homologous genes from other species was explored, providing a reliable foundation for further study of the sweetpotato RNA helicase gene family's evolution. Furthermore, through RNA-Seq analysis and qRT-PCR verification, it was observed that the expression of eight RNA helicase genes exhibited significant responsiveness to four abiotic stresses (cold, drought, heat, and salt) across various tissues of ten different sweetpotato varieties. Sweetpotato transgenic lines overexpressing the RNA helicase gene IbDExDH96 were generated using A.rhizogenes-mediated technology. This approach allowed for the preliminary investigation of the role of sweetpotato RNA helicase genes in the response to cold stress. Notably, the promoters of RNA helicase genes contained numerous cis-acting elements associated with temperature, hormone, and light response, highlighting their crucial role in sweetpotato abiotic stress response.
Asunto(s)
Ipomoea batatas , Estrés Fisiológico , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Respuesta al Choque por Frío/genética , Ipomoea batatas/metabolismo , RNA-Seq , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , ARN Helicasas/genética , ARN Helicasas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Hibernation is a prolonged state of low metabolism that animals enter in response to extreme environmental conditions to enhance their survival in harsh environments. Recent studies have shown that non-hibernating species can also be induced to enter a hibernation-like state. 2-methyl-2-thiazoline (2MT), a potent analog of fox odor, can induce fear-related behavior in mice with low body temperature and low metabolism, and has specific organ-protective effects. A systematic understanding of 2MT-induced hibernation and its underlying mechanisms may aid in expanding its applications in medicine and other fields.
Asunto(s)
Hibernación , Ratones , Animales , Hibernación/fisiología , Tiazoles/farmacología , Miedo , OdorantesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) affects 8% to 16% of the global population, yet TMJOA remains relatively underappreciated clinically. To anesthesiologists, who is concerned about patient safety, adequate preoperative evaluation and preparation, as well as individualized anesthetic management of patients, are necessary. Therefore, the anesthesiologist should be alert for difficult airways due to TMJOA, have a full and comprehensive understanding of the disease, and possess the appropriate expertise for difficult airway intubation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old female patient was scheduled for laparoscopic operation of uterine adnexa under general anesthesia. The patient preoperative evaluation showed only 1 finger width of mouth opening, and the computed tomography scan showed bilateral temporomandibular arthritis, which was evident on the right side. Intraoperatively, the expected airway difficulties occurred, and the anesthesiologist opted to use lightwand intubation, which was ultimately successful in 1 pass without any complications. CONCLUSION: Intubation using a lightwand for patients with difficult intubation due to TMJOA is a very effective intubation modality.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos , Osteoartritis , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intubación Intratraqueal/métodos , Articulación Temporomandibular , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/cirugía , Osteoartritis/complicaciones , Osteoartritis/cirugíaRESUMEN
Accessory spleen (AS) refers to single or multiple splenic tissues which appear outside the relative normal spleen position results from embryonic dysplasia similar in structure and function to the spleen. AS is frequently observed in the splenic hilus and or adjacent to the tail of pancreas, and only a few cases occurred in the pelvic cavity. We present an extremely rare AS case in urachus, which was initially considered as an urachal neoplasm revealed on CT images with big mass. However, the postoperative pathology confirmed it was an AS that had not been reported at urachal before. Urachal AS can be misdiagnosed as a tumor, so it is vital to make an accurate imaging preoperative diagnosis to avoid unnecessary biopsy and surgery.
Asunto(s)
Uraco , Humanos , Uraco/diagnóstico por imagen , Uraco/cirugía , Bazo/diagnóstico por imagen , Bazo/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , BiopsiaRESUMEN
Cathepsins belongs to the cysteine protease family, which are activated by an acidic environment. They play essential biological roles in the innate immunity and development of animals. Here, we identified a 62 kDa cathepsin L-like protease from the silkworm Bombyx mori. It contained putative conserved domains, including an I29 inhibitor domain and a peptidase C1A domain. The expression analysis revealed that cathepsin L-like was highly produced in the fat body, and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20 E) induced its expression. After challenge with three different types of heat-killed pathogens (Escherichia coli, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus cereus), the mRNA levels of cathepsin L-like significantly increased and displayed variable expression patterns in the immune tissues, suggesting its potential role in the innate immune response. The suppression of cathepsin L-like altered the expression of immune-related genes associated with the Toll and IMD pathway. Besides, autophagy-related genes such as Atg6, Atg8, VAMP2, Vps4, and syntaxin expression were also altered, indicating that cathepsin L-like regulates innate immunity and autophagy. Fluorescence microscopic analysis exhibited that cathepsin L-like was localized in the cytoplasm, and it was activated and dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus following the induction of anti-microbial autophagy. Altogether, our data suggest that cathepsin L-like may regulate the innate immune response and anti-microbial autophagy in the silkworm, B. mori.
Asunto(s)
Autofagia/inmunología , Bombyx/inmunología , Catepsina L/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Autofagia/genética , Bacterias/inmunología , Catepsina L/genética , Catepsina L/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Ecdisterona/inmunología , Expresión Génica/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/inmunología , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Análisis de Secuencia , Transducción de Señal/genética , Transducción de Señal/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Acute and chronic lead (Pb) exposure might cause hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of early acute exposure to Pb on the cellular morphology, apoptosis, and proliferation in rats and to elucidate the early mechanisms involved in the development of Pb-induced hypertension. Very young Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed to drink 1% Pb acetate for 12 and 40 days. Western blot analysis indicated that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) decreased in the tissues of the abdominal and thoracic aortas and increased in the cardiac tissue after 12 and 40 days of Pb exposure, respectively. Bax was upregulated and Bcl-2 was downregulated in vascular and cardiac tissues after 40 days of Pb exposure. In addition, an increase in caspase-3 activity was observed after 40 days of exposure to Pb. In terms of morphology, we found that the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of aorta lost the original curve and the diameter of cardiac cell was enlarged after 40 days. Furthermore, the exposure led to a marked increase in acetylated histone H3 levels in the aortas and cardiac tissue after 12 and 40 days, than that in the control group. These findings indicate that Pb might increase the level of histone acetylation and induce apoptosis in vascular and cardiac tissues. However, the mechanism involved need to be further investigated.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de los fármacos , Vasos Sanguíneos/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Plomo/farmacología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Acetilación , Animales , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Aorta/metabolismo , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Presión Sanguínea , Vasos Sanguíneos/patología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Plomo/sangre , Plomo/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , RatasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study on visible display of Meridian on the dummy human body. METHODS: Tube model-building method and computer technique were used, and data came from Voxel-Man dummy human body development platform. RESULTS: The visual effect of re-building Meridian is very good and it can display the different layers of anatomic structures on the Meridian lines. CONCLUSION: The visible display of Meridian on the dummy human body is preliminary realized, which provides data carriers for establishing the platform of Meridian study.