RESUMEN
A participatory epidemiological (PE) study was conducted in Kajo Keji and Yei Counties, Central Equatoria State, southern Sudan to assess the impact of livestock diseases on livelihoods. A serological survey of tick-borne diseases was conducted to supplement the PE study. PE data collection tools consisted primarily of focus group interviews and key informant interviews supplemented by observation. Information was collected on the social context, history and species of livestock kept. Constraints in livestock keeping were explored through description and probing. Proportional piling on the importance of different diseases and relative incidence scoring were also conducted. 243 sera were collected from cattle and tested for antibodies to Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Theileria mutans and T. parva by ELISA. Additionally, 173 blood samples were collected for a PCR assay of T. parva. Livestock diseases were ranked as the most important constraint to livestock keeping. While East Coast fever was ranked as the most important disease in Kajo Keji, diarrhoea in small ruminants was reported as the most important disease in Yei. Serological analyses of the sera indicated that A. marginale, B. bigemina, T. mutans and T. parva were most prevalent. Prevalence of B. bovis was found to be low (4.0% and 7.4% in Kajo Keji and Yei, respectively). 35% of the samples screened with the T. parva p104 gene nested PCR assay were positive. The study concludes that while ECF is the most important disease in Kajo Keji, it was not the case in Yei. Additional epidemiological studies are proposed before control strategies are recommended.
Asunto(s)
Ganado/parasitología , Rumiantes/parasitología , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/veterinaria , Agricultura/economía , Anaplasma marginale , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Babesia/inmunología , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/veterinaria , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/parasitología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Ganado/sangre , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Prevalencia , Rumiantes/sangre , Sudán/epidemiología , Theileria/inmunología , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/sangre , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Traditional livestock healers from Samburu and Turkana communities in Samburu District of Kenya were identified and recruited for participation in this study. Sheep with mixed gastrointestinal helminthosis were purchased from nomadic livestock owners in the area. Three herbal anthelmintic remedies, viz. Myrsine africana, Albizia anthelmintica and Hilderbrantia sepalosa were administered in the traditional way by the healers and their efficacy determined using percent fecal egg count reduction (percent FECR) test. The results indicate that all the herbal remedies had some efficacy against both nematodes and Monezia species of helminths. The group effect against nematodes was significantly different (P=0.002). Compared to an untreated control group, the efficacy against nematodes was 77, 89.8 and 90% for Myrsine afriacana, Albizia antihelmintica and Hilderbrantia sepalosa, respectively, while albendazole had 100% efficacy. The main nematodes encountered included Haemonchus spp., Trichostrogylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. With regard to Monezia species herbal remedies performed better than albendazole with an efficacy of 100% compared to 63% for albendazole. The group of sheep treated with Albizia anthelmintica showed a significant increase (P=0.003) in packed cell volume (PCV).