RESUMEN
Background: Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular facultative microorganism termed Brucella spp. Control of brucellosis depends on test and slaughter policy as well as vaccination programs. Aim: Estimation of the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) [total leukocytic count (TLC), phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] in camels after vaccination with RB51 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: A total of eight camels were grouped into two groups as follows: group (A): vaccinated with RB51 vaccine [1 dose/2 ml S/C (3 × 1010 CFU)] and group (B): control group. IL-6 and TNF-α were used for estimation of the CMI using real-time PCR on serum samples that were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60 days after vaccination from each group. In addition, TLC, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index were evaluated on heparinized blood samples at 0 and 60 days post-vaccination. Results: RB51 vaccine provides a protective immune response which progressively increases from the first week to 60 days after vaccination. Moreover, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 differed between camels in the vaccinated group. Conclusion: Vaccination of camels with RB51 vaccine (with dose 3 × 1010 CFU) could induce good protective immune responses and this immunological response will be a good indication for a safe field vaccine that can be used for the control of camel brucellosis.
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Vacuna contra la Brucelosis , Brucelosis , Animales , Brucella abortus , Camelus , Interleucina-6 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Egipto , Brucelosis/veterinaria , Vacunación/veterinariaRESUMEN
Pregnancy is considered physiological stress, during which a woman's normal static metabolism becomes dynamic anabolism and significant changes are observed in biochemical factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship of serum vitamin D and calcium levels in a pregnant woman with a missed miscarriage. A comparison was performed among 160 women, including 80 females with missed miscarriage (as the study group) and 80 pregnant women (as the control group) in the first and second trimester of pregnancy (before the end of the 24th week of the pregnancy). The results of the comparison showed that there was an insignificant change in serum calcium, while there was a significant reduction in serum vitamin D (P≤0.05). It was also revealed that, in comparison to normal controls, there was a significant increase in the ratio of serum calcium/vitamin D ratio in cases of missed miscarriage (P≤0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the estimations of serum vitamin D and calcium/vitamin D ratio in certain pregnancies can be considered valuable parameters in predicting missed miscarriage.
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Calcio , Vitamina D , Femenino , Embarazo , Animales , Aborto VeterinarioRESUMEN
Background: Acute oesophageal variceal haemorrhage (AOVH) is a medical emergency. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends endoscopy management as soon as possible and not more than 12 hours after presentation. The United Kingdom guidelines recommended endoscopy for unstable patients with severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding immediately after resuscitation and within 24 hours of admission. We aimed to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic management of AOVH in less than 12 hours compared to 12-24 hours post admission.Methods: 297 patients with AOVH were divided into groups depending on the timing of the endoscopic management: 180 within 12 h of admission and 117 patients at 12-24 hours of admission. Routine clinical and laboratory data were collected.Results: Compared to patients with endoscopic management at 12-24 hours (mean 16 hours), patients with endoscopic management within 12 hours (mean 8.3 hours) of admission had fewer hospital stay days (P = 0.001), significant reduction of ammonia levels (P < 0.0001) and significant improvement in associated hepatic encephalopathy grade 25 (p = 0.048). There were no major clinical events in the 12-hour group, but 8 events in the 12-24 hour group (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Endoscopic management of acute variceal bleeding within 12 hours of admission is superior to endoscopic management at 12-24 hours of admission regarding reduction of hospital stay, ammonia levels, correction of hepatic encephalopathy, re-bleeding and mortality rate, hence, reducing the cost of treatment benefiting patient satisfaction and improving hospital bed availability.
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Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/terapia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Hemostasis Endoscópica , Admisión del Paciente , Tiempo de Tratamiento , Anciano , Egipto , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/complicaciones , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/diagnóstico , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/mortalidad , Femenino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/mortalidad , Hemostasis Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Hemostasis Endoscópica/mortalidad , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
To follow the inheritance potential for heat tolerance after a crossing program in goats, 24 kids from four groups of goat kids (6 kids in each) from Aradi (A) and Damascus (D), their crossbred first-generation F1 (½D½A) and second-generation F2 (¾D»A), were exposed to acute elevated environmental temperature in controlled climatic chambers. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heat tolerance coefficient (HTC), adaptability coefficient (AC), and mRNA expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 ((HSP70 and HASP90, respectively), using real-time PCR were estimated. Results showed that Aradi breed goats had the highest level of expression for heat shock proteins 70 and 90, followed by F1, F2, and Damascus (P ≤ 0.01). Crossbreeds and Damascus showed the highest RT, while Aradi breed showed the lowest value (P ≤ 0.01). Aradi and crossbreeds showed the highest RR, while Damascus showed the lowest RR (P ≤ 0.05). Aradi and F1 showed the highest HTC (P ≤ 0.05), while there was no significant difference between pure breeds and crossbreeds in AC. A significant positive phenotypic correlation (0.81) was observed between HSP70 and HSP90. In addition, RR showed moderate positive correlation with both HSP70 and HSP90. It could be concluded that Aradi breed had putative heat tolerance in comparison to its crossbred progeny from the Damascus breed. The crossbreeding may result in some loss of heat tolerance potential, but the crossbreeds still better adapted to high environmental temperature than the Damascus breed.
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Cabras/fisiología , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/genética , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/genética , Animales , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/veterinaria , Hibridación Genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between size and number of biopsy specimens obtained by percutaneous closed pleural biopsy, with overall diagnostic yield in general, and histopathological evidence of tuberculosis pleurisy, in particular. METHODS: One hundred and forty-three patients, with a high index of clinically having tuberculous pleurisy, were referred to the respiratory division of Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital in Kuwait during a 9-year period (January 1999 to December 2007). All subjects with exudative lymphocytic predominant effusion underwent percutaneous closed pleural biopsy, looking for tuberculous granulomas. The clinical diagnosis and pathological characteristics (number and size of biopsy samples) were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall diagnostic yield of percutaneous closed pleural biopsy in all cases was noticed to be 52%. The larger biopsy sample size of 3 mm and more, and the higher number of specimens (> or = 4) were significantly associated with an increased diagnostic yield for tuberculous pleurisy (p=0.007 and 0.047). CONCLUSION: Obtaining 4 or more biopsy samples, and larger specimens of 3mm and more for histopathological evaluation, through percutaneous pleural biopsy, results in a better diagnostic yield for tuberculous pleurisy.
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Biopsia/métodos , Pleura/patología , Tuberculosis Pleural/diagnóstico , Humanos , Tuberculosis Pleural/patologíaRESUMEN
We measured fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) levels in 5000 individuals. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 31%. Compared with women, men had lower mean TC, LDL-C and HDL-C and higher mean TG. Optimal TC level was observed in only 46% of men and 41% of women, and optimal TG in 42% of men and 50% of women. Only 3% of men and 12% of women had HDL-C > 60 mg/dL. Mean TC was not different in CAD patients and those without CAD, but mean TG was significantly higher and mean HDL-C was lower. In all age groups, low HDL-C was more prevalent among men and women who had CAD.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/etiología , Ayuno , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/complicaciones , Hiperlipidemias/diagnóstico , Jordania/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
We measured fasting serum total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C and HDL-C] levels in 5000 individuals. Coronary artery disease [CAD] was present in 31%. Compared with women, men had lower mean TC, LDL-C and HDL-C and higher mean TG. Optimal TC level was observed in only 46% of men and 41% of women, and optimal TG in 42% of men and 50% of women. Only 3% of men and 12% of women had HDL-C > 60 mg/dL. Mean TC was not different in CAD patients and those without CAD, but mean TG was significantly higher and mean HDL-C was lower. In all age groups, low HDL-C was more prevalent among men and women who had CAD
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Colesterol , HDL-Colesterol , LDL-Colesterol , Triglicéridos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Edad , Distribución por Sexo , LípidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders and the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on primary healthcare (PHC) setting in Kuwait. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in PHC setting in Kuwait using the Beck Depression Inventory second edition questionnaire (BDI II) as a screening instrument, together with a sociodemographic questionnaire. A representative sample drawn from the target population consisted of 2,320 subjects of Kuwaiti nationality randomly selected from 18 PHC centers covering all Kuwait governorates during the period from April 2003 to January 2004. The target age group was 21-64 years. Participants were asked to complete the BDI II questionnaire consisting of 21 items reflecting the depressive disorder independently. Sociodemographic data such as sex, age, marital status, children, occupation, educational status, chronic diseases and social problems were included in the questionnaire. The optimum cutoff score for BDI II was estimated. RESULTS: A total of 2,320 participants completed the questionnaire, 1,082 (46.8%) male and 1,237 (53.2%) female; 860 (37.1%) screened positive for depressive symptoms, among whom 352 (15.3%) were male and 508 (21.7%) female. Of all participants, 163 (7.0%) were severely depressed, 314 (13.5%) moderately depressed and 383 (16.5%) mildly depressed. Depressive disorder was more prevalent among women than men, young than old, more among highly educated individuals, working participants, married individuals, and parents with 3 or more children. CONCLUSION: Depressive disorder is a highly prevalent condition among Kuwaiti patients attending PHC setting. Chronic diseases and social problems are risk factors for depressive disorder.
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Depresión/epidemiología , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/clasificación , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Kuwait/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Distribución por Sexo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Records of 9,055 lambs from a composite population originating from crossing Columbia rams to Hampshire x Suffolk ewes at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to estimate genetic parameters among growth traits. Traits analyzed were weights at birth (BWT), weaning (7 wk, WWT), 19 mo (W19), and 31 mo (W31) and postweaning ADG from 9 to 18 or 19 wk of age. The ADG was also divided into daily gain of males (DGM) and daily gain of females (DGF). These two traits were analyzed with W19 and with W31 in three-trait analyses. (Co)variance components were estimated with REML for an animal model that included fixed effects of sex, age of dam, type of birth or rearing, and contemporary group. Random effects were direct and maternal genetic of animal and dam with genetic covariance, maternal permanent environmental, and random residual. Estimates of direct heritability were .09, .09, .35, .44, .19, .16, and .23 for BWT, WWT, W19, W31, ADG, DGM, and DGF, respectively. Estimates of maternal permanent environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance were .09, .12, .03, .03, .03, .06, and .02, respectively. Estimates of maternal heritability were .17 and .09 for BWT and WWT and .01 to .03 for other traits. Estimates of genetic correlations were large among W19, W31, and ADG (.69 to .97), small between BWT and W31 or ADG, and moderate for other pairs of traits (.32 to .45). The estimate of genetic correlation between DGM and DGF was .94, and the correlation between maternal permanent environmental effects for these traits was .56. For the three-trait analyses, the genetic correlations of DGM and DGF with W19 were .69 and .82 and with W31 were .67 and .67, respectively. Results show that models for genetic evaluation for BWT and WWT should include maternal genetic effects. Estimates of genetic correlations show that selection for ADG in either sex can be from records of either sex (DGM or DGF) and that selection for daily gain will result in increases in mature weight but that BWT is not correlated with weight at 31 mo.
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Cruzamiento/métodos , Carácter Cuantitativo Heredable , Ovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ovinos/genética , Animales , Peso al Nacer/genética , Peso Corporal/genética , Femenino , Impresión Genómica , Masculino , DesteteAsunto(s)
Cardiología/métodos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Complejo GPIIb-IIIa de Glicoproteína Plaquetaria/antagonistas & inhibidores , Abciximab , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Angina Inestable/tratamiento farmacológico , Angina Inestable/terapia , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Aspirina/farmacología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Coronaria/prevención & control , Enfermedad Coronaria/terapia , Método Doble Ciego , Embolia/prevención & control , Eptifibatida , Femenino , Fibrinolíticos/efectos adversos , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Predicción , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Fragmentos Fab de Inmunoglobulinas/efectos adversos , Fragmentos Fab de Inmunoglobulinas/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Péptidos/efectos adversos , Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Complejo GPIIb-IIIa de Glicoproteína Plaquetaria/química , Complejo GPIIb-IIIa de Glicoproteína Plaquetaria/inmunología , Estudios Prospectivos , Riesgo , Stents , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tirofibán , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tirosina/efectos adversos , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Tirosina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade system is a widely used index of coronary blood flow, it has important limitations. We recently described a new continuous measure of blood flow in native coronary arteries, the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count (TFC), and sought to extend this method to coronary artery bypass grafts. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed cinefilms of patients' status after coronary artery bypass grafting, excluding patients with recent myocardial infarction and grafts with stenoses in the graft or native vessel. We counted the cineframes required for dye to travel from the ostium of the graft to the graft anastomotic site (TFCg) and to a standardized distal coronary landmark (TFC). RESULTS: For all vein grafts combined, TFCg was 19.2+/-5.7 frames (mean+/-SD, n = 93) and the TFC was 33.9+/-8.0 frames (n = 67). The upper limits for "normal" flow, calculated from the 95% confidence intervals, were 31 frames for TFCg and 50 frames for TFC. CONCLUSIONS: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame counting method has now been extended to normal saphenous vein grafts, and normal reference values are provided.
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Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto del Miocardio/cirugía , Vena Safena/trasplante , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Cineangiografía , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Circulación Coronaria , Humanos , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count is a relative index of coronary flow that measures time by counting the number of frames required for dye to travel from the ostium to a standardized coronary landmark in a cineangiogram filmed at a known speed (frames/s). We describe a new method to measure distance along arteries so that absolute velocity (length divided by time) and absolute flow (area x velocity) may be calculated in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA). After PTCA, the guidewire tip is placed at the coronary landmark and a Kelly clamp is placed on the guidewire where it exits the Y-adapter. The guidewire tip is then withdrawn to the catheter tip and a second Kelly clamp is placed on the wire where it exits the Y-adapter. The distance between the 2 Kelly clamps outside the body is the distance between the catheter tip and the anatomic landmark inside the body. Velocity (cm/s) may be calculated as this distance (cm) divided by TIMI frame count (frames) x film frame speed (frames/s). Flow (ml/s) may be calculated by multiplying this velocity (cm/s) and the mean cross-sectional lumen area (cm2) along the length of the artery to the TIMI landmark. In 30 patients, velocity increased from 13.9 +/- 8.5 cm/s before to 22.8 +/- 9.3 cm/s after PTCA (p <0.001). Despite TIMI grade 3 flow both before and after PTCA in 18 patients, velocity actually increased 38%, from 17.0 +/- 5.4 to 23.5 +/- 9.0 cm/s (p = 0.01). For all 30 patients, flow doubled from 0.6 +/- 0.4 ml/s before to 1.2 +/- 0.6 ml/s after PTCA (p <0.001). In the 18 patients with TIMI grade 3 flow both before and after PTCA, flow increased 86%, from 0.7 +/- 0.3 to 1.3 +/- 0.6 ml/s (p = 0.001). Distance along coronary arteries (length) can be simply measured using a PTCA guidewire. This length may be combined with the TIMI frame count to calculate measures of absolute velocity and flow that are sensitive to changes in perfusion. TIMI grade 3 flow is composed of a range of velocities and flows.