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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Individuals after stroke are likely to deal with the possible development of sarcopenia and reduced physical activity levels. The purpose of this study was to compare sarcopenia of individuals with chronic stroke who were stratified according to their physical activity levels, and to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals after chronic stroke recruited from the general community. Individuals were submitted to sarcopenia screening (SARC-F questionnaire) and assessment of physical activity levels (Human Activity Profile questionnaire) to classify the individuals as impaired, moderately active, and active according to their Adjusted Activity Status (AAS). ANOVA was used to investigate the sarcopenia between groups and Pearson's coefficient to investigate the association among variables. RESULTS: Fifty-four individuals with a mean age of 56 ± 17.4 years were included. Twenty-one percent of the individuals were screened for sarcopenia. Inactive individuals had higher mean scores in the SARC-F (3.6 ± 2.1 points), whereas moderately active and active individuals presented lower mean scores in the same questionnaire, being 1.2 ± 1.1 points and 0.5 ± 0.7 points, respectively. A statistically significant inverse and high association was found between sarcopenia and physical activity levels (r = -0.716; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia was found to be higher in individuals after chronic stroke with lower physical activity levels considered inactive when compared to individuals with higher physical activity levels. Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity level in stroke survivors.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo empregar farinhas de coprodutos de frutas em bolos sem glúten e analisar a qualidade sensorial e tecnológica das receitas. Foi desenvolvido um bolo padrão e seis com adição de 14% de cada farinha de coproduto. Foi realizada avaliação de volume, dureza instrumental e análise sensorial de aceitação. O bolo com farinha da casca de banana apresentou os melhores resultados de volume e dureza, enquanto o bolo com farinha da casca de abacaxi os piores resultados, menor volume e maior dureza. As diferenças de cor dos bolos foram refletidas pela característica de cada farinha adicionada. Todos os bolos atingiram mais de 70% de aceitabilidade sensorial, demonstrando a viabilidade das aplicações. Conclui-se que a utilização de farinhas produzidas com coprodutos de frutas em bolos é uma opção para uma alimentação saudável e sustentável, em especial, para indivíduos celíacos. (AU)

The present study aimed to use fruit co-product flours in gluten-free cakes and analyze the sensorial and technological quality of the recipes. One standard and six cakes were developed by the addition of 14% of each co-product flour. Volume, instrumental hardness and sensory acceptance analysis were performed. The cake with banana peel flour showed the best results for volume and hardness, while the cake with pineapple peel flour had the worst results, lower volume and higher hardness. The differences in cake colors were reflected by the characteristics of each flour added. All cakes reached more than 70% of sensorial acceptability, demonstrating the viability of the applications. The use of flours produced with fruit co-products in cakes is therefore an option for a healthy and sustainable diet, especially for individuals with celiac disease. (AU)

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In rodents, status epilepticus (SE) triggered by chemoconvulsants can differently affect the proliferation and fate of adult-born dentate granule cells (DGCs). It is unknown whether abnormal neurogenesis results from intracellular signaling associated with drug-receptor interaction, paroxysmal activity, or both. To test the contribution of these factors, we systematically compared the effects of kainic acid (KA)- and pilocarpine (PL)-induced SE on the morphology and localization of DGCs generated before or after SE in the ipsi- and contralateral hippocampi of mice. Hippocampal insult was induced by unilateral intrahippocampal (ihpc) administration of KA or PL. We employed conditional doublecortin-dependent expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to label adult-born cells committed to neuronal lineage either one month before (mature DGCs) or seven days after (immature DGCs) SE. Unilateral ihpc administration of KA and PL led to bilateral epileptiform discharges and focal and generalized behavioral seizures. However, drastic granule cell layer (GCL) dispersion occurred only in the ipsilateral side of KA injection, but not in PL-treated animals. Granule cell layer dispersion was accompanied by a significant reduction in neurogenesis after SE in the ipsilateral side of KA-treated animals, while neurogenesis increased in the contralateral side of KA-treated animals and both hippocampi of PL-treated animals. The ratio of ectopic neurons in the ipsilateral hippocampus was higher among immature as compared to mature neurons in the KA model (32.8% vs. 10.0%, respectively), while the occurrence of ectopic neurons in PL-treated animals was lower than 3% among both mature and immature DGCs. Collectively, our results suggest that KA- and PL-induced SE leads to distinct cellular alterations in mature and immature DGCs. We also show different local and secondary effects of KA or PL in the histological organization of the adult DG, suggesting that these unique epilepsy models may be complementary to our understanding of the disease. NEWroscience 2018.

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Cell lineage in the adult hippocampus comprises multipotent and neuron-committed progenitors. In the present work, we fate-mapped neuronal progenitors using Dcx-CreERT2 and CAG-CAT-EGFP double-transgenic mice (cDCX/EGFP). We show that 3 days after tamoxifen-mediated recombination in cDCX/EGFP adult mice, GFP+ cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) co-expresses DCX and about 6% of these cells are proliferative neuronal progenitors. After 30 days, 20% of GFP+ generated from these progenitors differentiate into GFAP+ astrocytes. Unilateral intrahippocampal administration of the chemoconvulsants kainic acid (KA) or pilocarpine (PL) triggered epileptiform discharges and led to a significant increase in the number of GFP+ cells in both ipsi and contralateral DG. However, while PL favored the differentiation of neurons in both ipsi- and contralateral sides, KA stimulated neurogenesis only in the contralateral side. In the ipsilateral side, KA injection led to an unexpected increase of astrogliogenesis in the Dcx-lineage. We also observed a small number of GFP+/GFAP+ cells displaying radial-glia morphology ipsilaterally 3 days after KA administration, suggesting that some Dcx-progenitors could regress to a multipotent stage. The boosted neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis observed in the Dcx-lineage following chemoconvulsants administration correlated, respectively, with preservation or degeneration of the parvalbuminergic plexus in the DG. Increased inflammatory response, by contrast, was observed both in the DG showing increased neurogenesis or astrogliogenesis. Altogether, our data support the view that cell lineage progression in the adult hippocampus is not unidirectional and could be modulated by local network activity and GABA-mediated signaling.

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Astroglial cells isolated from the rodent postnatal cerebral cortex are particularly susceptible to lineage reprogramming into neurons. However, it remains unknown whether other astroglial populations retain the same potential. Likewise, little is known about the fate of induced neurons (iNs) in vivo. In this study we addressed these questions using two different astroglial populations isolated from the postnatal brain reprogrammed either with Neurogenin-2 (Neurog2) or Achaete scute homolog-1 (Ascl1). We show that cerebellum (CerebAstro) and cerebral cortex astroglia (CtxAstro) generates iNs with distinctive neurochemical and morphological properties. Both astroglial populations contribute iNs to the olfactory bulb following transplantation in the postnatal and adult mouse subventricular zone. However, only CtxAstro transfected with Neurog2 differentiate into pyramidal-like iNs after transplantation in the postnatal cerebral cortex. Altogether, our data indicate that the origin of the astroglial population and transcription factors used for reprogramming, as well as the region of integration, affect the fate of iNs.

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Este estudo buscou compreender como se constitui o processo de subjetivação de adultos com deficiência motora congênita, participantes de uma ONG voltada a pessoas com deficiência. Participaram duas mulheres adultas, de 37 e 47 anos, com deficiência motora congênita, frequentadoras de um espaço educacional não formal, localizado na Zona Oeste do Recife-PE. Para a construção dos dados, utilizou-se o método narrativo de entrevista, fundamentando a análise na proposta dos núcleos de significação, de base sócio-histórica. Os resultados revelaram que a educação não formal e a educação informal estiveram mais presentes no processo de subjetivação dessas mulheres que a educação formal, e que os outros significativos não eram pertencentes à família e se configuraram como agentes essenciais na constituição dessa subjetivação. Ademais, verificou-se que essas mulheres têm diferentes trajetórias, gostos e interesses, constituindo-se como seres singulares, não sendo a deficiência o elemento definidor dessa subjetivação

This study aimed at comprehending how establish the subjectivation process of adults with congenital motor deficiency that participated in a nongovernmental organization (NGO) which serves people with disabilities. Research with 37 and 47-year-old adult women with congenital motor deficiency. They attend a non-formal educational space localized in the west of Recife-PE. For attainment of data, was used narrative interview method basing the analysis on the core of meaning proposal of socio-historical foundings. Results of the research revealed that non-formal education and informal education were more prominent in the subjectivation of these women than formal education. Moreover, it has been shown that their family were not a significant factor, despite the noteworthiness of others characterized as essential agents in their subjectivation construction. Furthermore, it was verified these women have different paths, different tastes and interests, which definite them as singular and their disability was not a fundamental element in their subjectivation constitution

Este estudio ha buscado comprender como se constituye el proceso subjetivo de adultos con discapacidad motora congénita, participantes de una ONG centrada en atender a personas con discapacidad. Participaron dos mujeres adultas, de 37 y 47 años, con discapacidad motora congénita, que asisten a un espacio educacional no formal, localizado en la Zona Oeste de la ciudad de Recife-PE. Para construir los datos se ha utilizado el método narrativo de entrevista, basando el análisis en la propuesta de los núcleos de significado, de base socio-histórica. Los resultados han revelado que la educación no formal y la educación informal estuvieron más presentes en el proceso de subjetivación de esas mujeres que la educación formal y que los otros significativos no pertenecían a la familia y se configuran como agentes esenciales en la constitución de esa subjetivación. Además, se ha verificado que esas mujeres tienen trayectorias, gustos e intereses distintos que las constituyen como seres singulares no siendo la discapacidad el elemento que define esa subjetivación

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Apesar de estabilizar o equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico, pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) submetidos à hemodiálise apresentam risco aumentado de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares, cuja susceptibilidade pode não ser amenizada pela terapia eletrolítica, além de não substituir funções endócrinas em estado fisiológico. A explicação para complicações cardiovasculares e outras comorbidades relacionadas à hemodiálise talvez seja a presença de contaminantes microbianos e tóxicos nas águas utilizadas para o processo. Esta revisão utilizou-se de bases de dados indexadas e bibliotecas universitárias para a busca bibliográfica. A busca foi limitada aos artigos publicados até Março de 2014. Estudos atuais demonstram que o controle de qualidade em águas de hemodiálise é um processo negligenciado e torna imperativo que o profissional da saúde e pesquisadores trabalhem em conjunto para tornar mais eficiente a purificação, fornecimento e armazenamento de águas para o processo, reduzindo índices de mortalidade apresentados pelos pacientes.

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Objetivos Comparar a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos entre dois grupos homogêneos de pacientes em diálise, um em hemodiálise (HD) e outro em diálise peritoneal (DP), verificando o possível papel preditor do método, assim como avaliar a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas no diagnóstico deste transtorno. Métodos Amostra envolveu dois grupos homogêneos de pacientes em TRS, 30 em HD e 30 em DP. Aplicou-se o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), escala que avalia a presença e intensidade de sintomas depressivos. Resultados Os grupos apresentavam características sociodemográficas e clínicas semelhantes, exceto quanto à escolaridade. A média de pontos do BDI no grupo HD foi maior que no grupo DP: 12,53 versus 11,13 (p = 0,352). A presença de sintomas depressivos no grupo em HD ocorreu em 36,7% dos pacientes contra apenas 23,3% do grupo DP (OR 1,9 [IC 0,61 – 5,86]). Não houve diferenças quanto às variáveis, exceto escolaridade. Dos pacientes com ensino fundamental I, 52,9% apresentaram sintomas. Nos pacientes com ensino médio ou superior, a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos foi 20% (p = 0,051). Conclusão Houve tendência à ocorrência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes em HD quando comparados aos pacientes em DP. O risco dessa ocorrência foi quase duas vezes maior nos em HD. Menor escolaridade associou-se à ocorrência de sintomas. As médias da pontuação do BDI nos dois grupos não foram significantes. .

Objectives Compare occurrence of depressive symptoms scores between two homogeneous groups of patients, one under hemodialysis (HD) and another under peritoneal dialysis (PD) to verify the possible predictor role of the method. Influence of social demographics and clinics variables was verified too. Methods Sixty patient in TRS were enrolled, divided in two group homogeneous, 30 patients in HD and 30 in DP. Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) was applied to study the presence and the intensity of depressive symptoms in two groups. Results The groups had similar social demographic and clinics characteristics, except for the schooling. The BDI’s average score was higher in the group of HD than in the PD: 12.53 versus 11.13 (p = 0.352). The occurrence of depressive symptoms in HD group occurred in 36.7% of the patients. In the PD group 23.3% of the patients presented (OR 1.90 [0,61 – 5.86]). In patients with basic education, 52.9% presented depressive symptoms. Only 20% of the patients with higher education presented depressive symptoms (p = 0.051). Conclusion There was a tendency to occur depressive symptoms in patients under HD when compared to patients under PD. The risk was almost two times in group HD. Low education was associated to the occurrence of depressive symptoms. The difference between the BDI’s scores wasn’t significant. .

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The current therapy for leishmaniasis, which affects annually about 2 million people, is far from satisfactory. All available drugs require parenteral administration and are potentially toxic. Plant essential oils have been traditionally used in folk medicine and appear as valuable alternative source for chemotherapeutic compounds. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia sidoides, and Ocimum gratissimum on growth and ultrastructure of Leishmania chagasi promastigote forms. Steam distillation was used to isolate the essential oils, and their constituents were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. All essential oils showed in vitro inhibitory action on L. chagasi promastigotes growth in a dose-dependent way, with IC(50)/72 h of 45, 89, and 75 microg/mL for C. citratus, L. sidoides, and O. gratissimum, respectively. Drastic morphological alterations were observed in all essential oil-treated parasites, including cell swelling, accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, and increase of acidocalcisome volume. Furthermore, aberrant-shaped cells with multi-septate body were observed by scanning electron microscopy, suggesting an additional effect on cytokinesis. Taken together, our data show that these essential oils affect the parasite viability being the C. citratus essential oil the most effective against L. chagasi.

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