RESUMEN
We report the pathological features of a facial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and an abdominal peripheral nerve sheath tumour (PNST) with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in an aged free-ranging rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis). The animal was found stranded dead in poor body condition. On external examination, there was a 25 × 7 × 3 cm extensively ulcerated area on the right maxillary region of the rostrum, involving the oral mucocutaneous junction with prominent nodular edges, severe soft tissue loss and extensive maxillary and premaxillary bone lysis. On abdominal dissection, a 5 × 4 × 3.5 cm pale tan to red, raised mass expanded the inner aspect of the right transverse abdominis muscle. Microscopically, the aggressive facial lesion was an acantholytic SCC with extensive osteolysis; there was no evidence of metastasis in the tissues examined. The abdominal mass had cytohistomorphological features compatible with a localized PNST, including whorling, Antoni A and Antoni B areas and Verocay bodies intermixed with rhabdomyoblastic components, as suggested by phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin stain. This neoplasm was locally infiltrative, yet no metastases were observed in the tissues examined. No immunohistochemical investigations could be performed due to lack of tissue availability. Total DNA from the formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded SCC was extracted and tested by polymerase chain reaction for herpesvirus and papillomavirus genetic material. There was no amplification for either of these genera. Other pathological findings observed in this animal were related to the 'live-stranding stress response'. The severity and extent of the facial SCC likely related to anorexia and poor body condition and might have played a role in the stranding and death of this dolphin. These two tumour subtypes add to the relatively uncommon reports of neoplasia in cetaceans. Specifically, these appear to be the first neoplasia records for rough-toothed dolphins, including the first documentation of a PNST with features compatible with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in a marine mammal.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Abdominales/veterinaria , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinaria , Delfines , Neoplasias Faciales/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Vaina del Nervio/veterinaria , AnimalesRESUMEN
La colitis seudomembranosa es una patología relacionada con el uso de antibióticos. En raras ocasiones, evoluciona a megacolon tóxico que podría requerir resolución quirúrgica. Comunicamos el caso de una mujer de 22 años, que recibió amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico unos días antes de la consulta. Presentó diarrea, fiebre y vómitos. Radiografía y tomografía computarizada de abdomen: distensión de colon derecho >6 cm. Toxina para Clostridium: positiva. Comienza con el tratamiento médico y requiere cirugía por megacolon tóxico. El megacolon tóxico es una complicación infrecuente de la colitis seudomembranosa. Es rara en pacientes jóvenes y sin comorbilidades. Se llega al diagnóstico mediante los criterios de Jalan. La tasa de mortalidad se aproxima al 70%. Se debe mantener alto nivel de alerta ante signos de toxicidad sistémica y la dilatación colónica es diagnóstica de la entidad. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos constituye un serio factor de riesgo.(AU)
Pseudomembranous colitis is a condition associated with the use of antibiotics. On rare occasions, it evolves to toxic megacolon which may require surgical resolution. We report the case of a 22-year-old woman who received amoxicillin/clavulanic acid a few days before the consultation. She referred diarrhea, fever and vomiting. Radiography and computed tomography of abdomen: distension of the right colon >6 cm. Clostridium toxin: positive. Medical treatment is administered and surgery is needed for toxic megacolon. Toxic megacolon is an infrequent complication of pseudomembranous colitis. It is rare in young patients without comorbidities. The diagnosis is reached using the Jalan criteria. The mortality rate approaches 70%. A high level of alertness should be maintained for signs of systemic toxicity and colonic dilation is diagnostic of the entity. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics is a serious risk factor.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enterocolitis Seudomembranosa , Megacolon , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , AntibacterianosRESUMEN
The mosquito fauna (Culicidae) from remote northern areas of the State of Amazonas were sampled using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shannon, Malaise, and Suspended traps, together with net sweeping and immature collections. One hundred and seven collections were performed in five localities along the Padauari River, State of Amazonas, Brazil, during June 2010. The 20,557 mosquitoes collected are distributed in 17 genera, representing 117 different species, of which four are new distributional records for the State of Amazonas. Furthermore, there are 10 morphospecies that may represent undescribed new taxa, eight of which are also new records for the State of Amazonas. The genus Culex had the highest number of species and the largest number of individuals. Aedes and Psorophora both represented 10% of the total sample and had the second highest number of species and individuals. The most abundant species was Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos Sallum, Hutchings & Ferreira, followed by Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann), Culex (Melanoconion) vaxus Dyar, Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet & Abonnenc, Psorophora (Janthinosoma) amazonica Cerqueira, Culex (Culex) mollis Dyar & Knab, Psorophora (Janthinosoma) albigenu (Peryassú), and Culex (Melanoconion) theobaldi Lutz. The epidemiological and ecological implications of mosquito species found are discussed and are compared with other mosquito inventories from the Amazon region. The results represent the most diverse standardized inventory of mosquitoes along the Padauari River, with the identification of 127 species-level taxa distributed in five localities, within two municipalities (Barcelos and Santa Isabel do Rio Negro).
Asunto(s)
Distribución Animal , Biodiversidad , Culicidae/fisiología , Animales , Brasil , Culicidae/clasificación , Culicidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Densidad de Población , Pupa/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Certain trypanosomatids co-evolve with an endosymbiotic bacterium in a mutualistic relationship that is characterized by intense metabolic exchanges. Symbionts were able to respire for up to 4 h after isolation from Angomonas deanei. FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone) similarly increased respiration in wild-type and aposymbiotic protozoa, though a higher maximal O2 consumption capacity was observed in the symbiont-containing cells. Rotenone, a complex I inhibitor, did not affect A. deanei respiration, whereas TTFA (thenoyltrifluoroacetone), a complex II activity inhibitor, completely blocked respiration in both strains. Antimycin A and cyanide, inhibitors of complexes III and IV, respectively, abolished O2 consumption, but the aposymbiotic protozoa were more sensitive to both compounds. Oligomycin did not affect cell respiration, whereas carboxyatractyloside (CAT), an inhibitor of the ADP-ATP translocator, slightly reduced O2 consumption. In the A. deanei genome, sequences encoding most proteins of the respiratory chain are present. The symbiont genome lost part of the electron transport system (ETS), but complex I, a cytochrome d oxidase, and FoF1-ATP synthase remain. In conclusion, this work suggests that the symbiont influences the mitochondrial respiration of the host protozoan.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/clasificación , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Simbiosis/fisiología , Trypanosomatina/microbiología , Trypanosomatina/fisiología , Bacterias/metabolismo , Evolución Biológica , Transporte de Electrón/genética , Transporte de Electrón/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Trypanosomatina/genéticaRESUMEN
Water accumulating in the axils of bromeliads provides habitat for numerous invertebrates, frequently among them, immature mosquitoes. To evaluate mosquito richness in bromeliads and the relationship between mosquito presence and biotic and abiotic variables, we performed a study in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mosquitoes of genus Culex were the most abundant and varied in species richness, among which nine belonged to subgenus Microculex, Culex (Microculex) neglectus Lutz and Culex ocellatus Theobald being the most frequent species. Sabethines of genera Wyeomyia and Runchomyia were found in low numbers. Wyeomyia (Spilonympha) airosai Lane and Cerqueira and Wyeomyia (Spilonympha) finlayi Lane and Cerqueira tend to proliferate in bromeliads of the genus Bilbergia which hold less than 50 ml of water and grow either alone or with Runchomyia frontosa (Theobald). The larger the volume of water, the greater the chance of finding Culex, Anopheles as well as Wyeomyia (Phoniomyia) species, which seems to be the more generalist as it is present in different bromeliad types with a large range of plant water holding capacities.
RESUMEN
Strigomonas culicis is a monoxenous trypanosomatid that co-evolves with a symbiotic bacterium in a mutualistic relationship that is characterized by intense metabolic exchanges between both partners. S. culicis infects and colonizes the Aedes aegypti mosquito midgut, reaches its hemocoel and then invades the salivary glands. An artificial aposymbiotic strain is unable to colonize insects, reinforcing the idea that the bacterium influences the protozoan surface composition and cell interaction. Here, we report the characterization of the hydrolytic activity of ecto-phosphatases evaluated in symbiont-bearing and aposymbiotic strains of S. culicis by incubating the protozoa with p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) at different pH levels, in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors, and with several divalent metals. The symbiont-bearing and aposymbiotic cells differ in their ecto-phosphatase enzymes, based on their activities and specificities. Furthermore, the ability of the protozoan to bind to the mosquito midgut and salivary glands was impaired by ecto-phosphatase inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that the symbiont influences the host protozoan ecto-phosphatase activity and indicate a possible role of this enzyme during mosquito tissue colonization by S. culicis.
Asunto(s)
Aedes/parasitología , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Simbiosis , Trypanosomatina/microbiología , Trypanosomatina/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Tracto Gastrointestinal/parasitología , Glándulas Salivales/parasitología , Trypanosomatina/enzimologíaRESUMEN
AIM: The effect of muscular training, abdominal massage and diaphragmatic breathing was compared with medical treatment in a prospective randomized trial of patients with chronic functional constipation. METHOD: Patients aged 4-18 years old with functional constipation according to the Rome III criteria were randomized to physiotherapy or medical treatment. In the physiotherapy group, exercises (isometric training of the abdominal muscles, diaphragmatic breathing exercises and abdominal massage) were employed during 12 40-min sessions twice a week by a trained physiotherapist, with laxatives. Patients in the medication group were only given laxatives. Primary outcome measures were frequency of defaecation and faecal incontinence. The analysis was performed by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of treatment, the frequency of bowel movements was higher in the physiotherapy group [5.1 (2.1) days/week] than in the medication group [3.9 (2.0) days/week] (P = 0.01). The frequency of faecal incontinence was no different between the groups [3.6 (1.9) days/week vs 3.0 (2.1) days/week] (P = 0.31). CONCLUSION: The combined use of isometric training of abdominal muscles, breathing exercises and abdominal massage increased defaecation frequency after 6 weeks but faecal incontinence remained unchanged. Physiotherapy may be a useful treatment for constipation.
Asunto(s)
Músculos Abdominales/fisiología , Ejercicios Respiratorios , Estreñimiento/terapia , Terapia por Ejercicio , Masaje , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Estreñimiento/complicaciones , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Defecación , Incontinencia Fecal/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis de Intención de Tratar , Laxativos/uso terapéutico , MasculinoRESUMEN
The removal process of BTEX and phenol was evaluated. The smectite organoclay for single-solute system reached removal was evaluated by adsorption on smectite organoclay adsorbent by kinetic and equilibrium efficiencies between 55 and 90% while was reached between 30 and 90% for multi-solute system at 297 K and pH 9. The Langmuir-Freundlich model was used to fit the experimental data with correlation coefficient between 0.98 and 0.99 providing kinetic and equilibrium parameter values. Phenol and ethylbenzene presented high maximum adsorbed amount, 8.28 and 6.67 mg/g, respectively, compared to the other compounds for single-solute. Toluene and p-xylene presented high values of adsorption constant which indicates a high adsorption affinity of compounds to organoclay surface and high binding energy of adsorption. Phenol presented low kinetic adsorption constant value indicating slow rate of adsorption.
Asunto(s)
Derivados del Benceno/química , Silicatos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Adsorción , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , CinéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the flexibility and abrasion capacity of the bristles of four soft toothbrush brands. METHODS: Toothbrushes from groups: 1: Aquafresh Flex; 2: Oral-B Indicator; 3: Colgate Classic; 4: Johnson and Johnson Reach were used for the buckling deformation flexibility assay with of load (40 g) for a 5-s period and the measurement of the diameter of the bristles using a comparison gauge (precision: 1 µm), and for the abrasion assay in a brushing machine in 100-min cycles with a standard dentifrice in a 1:1 solution with distilled water and load of 200 g. The data were normalized due to the difference in the size of the toothbrush heads and analysed by the anova and the Tukey test to adjust for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS: A significant difference in the flexibility of the bristles (toothbrushes from groups 2, 3 and 4 were more flexible than 1) was observed. There was no correlation between the increase in the diameter of the bristles and the reduction in flexibility. The statistical analysis revealed loss of mass due to abrasion, varying according to the flexibility of the bristles, with group 1 causing lower wear than groups 2, 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that there are variations in bristle flexibility abrasion potential of soft-classified toothbrushes.
Asunto(s)
Dispositivos para el Autocuidado Bucal/efectos adversos , Abrasión de los Dientes/etiología , Cepillado Dental/efectos adversos , Cepillado Dental/instrumentación , Análisis de Varianza , Diseño de Equipo , Humanos , Modelos Dentales , Docilidad , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
An evaluation of the efficiency of bacterial biomass augmentation was performed at lab-scale for the pollution treatment of the Derby-Tacaruna canal. The canal is located at the central area of Great Recife, alongside an important urban corridor. The characterization of the canal water in different tidal conditions showed that the actual pollution is organic and inorganic (heavy metals). Degradation experiments of water from the canal and rain-off system polluted by synthetic wastewater were performed, using activated sludge and an industrial bioadditive. Continuous reactors under two different conditions were evaluated: with diffuse aeration and without aeration. The channel reactor was operated under steady state conditions at a flow rate of 2.5 L h(-1) and with an average residence time of 22 h without aeration and 17 h with aeration. The organic matter removal was in the range of 60% for the system inoculated with the bioadditive and 85% with activated sludge. It was concluded that the water of the Derby-Tacaruna canal may be treated by activated sludge without being affected by its salt content, while the bioaugmentation technique was not satisfactory due to inhibition by inorganics.
Asunto(s)
Purificación del Agua/métodos , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biomasa , Brasil , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Clima Tropical , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Movimientos del Agua , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Contaminación Química del Agua/prevención & controlRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Beta-1-3 Glucan is a polysaccharide extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a possible immunomodulating action that may have a favourable action on asthma symptoms and other allergic diseases. An experimental study carried out using a murine respiratory model detected a decrease in pulmonary tissue eosinophilia, as well as an increase in Interleukin-10 (IL-10) after glucan use. METHODS: This open, exploratory study with blind outcome evaluation included asthmatic children between 6 and 12 years of age with mild to moderate persistent asthma and inadequate disease control (rescue medication needed more than twice a week) in spite of inhaled budesonide 400 microg/day. After a four week run-in period, subcutaneous Beta-1-3-glucan injections were given weekly for the first four weeks and then every two weeks for the last four weeks. IL-10 levels, measured by the immunoenzymatic method (ELISA), were compared before and after glucan administration. RESULTS: Twenty patients (14 male and 6 female) were included. Mean IL-10 levels were 6.4 pg/ml and 11.3 pg/ml before and after glucan, respectively (p = 0.02). There was also a reduction of asthmatic symptoms score at the end of study. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study which shows that subcutaneous particulate Beta-1-3-glucan increases serum IL-10 levels in asthmatics. The possibility of glucan being able to modulate allergic sensitisation and having a beneficial action in restoring Th2 function should be assessed by means of properly planned controlled clinical trials, as it may represent a new therapeutic strategy.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Interleucina-10/sangre , beta-Glucanos/uso terapéutico , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Asma/inmunología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , beta-Glucanos/administración & dosificación , beta-Glucanos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
SETTING: Itaboraí Municipality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis for users of the Family Health Program (FHP) and Reference Ambulatory Units (RAUs). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Itaboraí City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Between July and October 2007, a sample of 100 TB patients registered consecutively with the TB Control Program was interviewed using the primary care assessment tool. The two highest scores, describing 'almost always' and 'always', or 'good' and 'very good', were used as a cut-off point to define high quality access to diagnosis. RESULTS: FHP patients were older and had less education than RAU interviewees. Sex and overcrowding did not differ in the two groups. Patient groups did not differ with regard to the number of times care was sought at a unit, transport problems, cost of attending units and availability of consultation within 24 h. Adequate access to diagnosis was identified by 62% of the FHP patients and 53% of the RAU patients (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: In Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, TB patients believe that the FHP units provide greater access to TB diagnosis than RAUs. These findings will be used by the Department of Health to improve access to diagnosis in Itaboraí.
Asunto(s)
Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Programas Nacionales de Salud , Satisfacción del Paciente , Atención Primaria de Salud , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Servicios Urbanos de Salud , Adulto , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Reforma de la Atención de Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Programas Nacionales de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Satisfacción del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Servicios Urbanos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
A method for identifying the metabolites of sibutramine 1-(4(chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-alpha-(2-methylpropyl))cyclobutanemethanamine) in urine, utilizing a double derivatization strategy, with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide and N-methyl-bis-(trifluoroacetamide), in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is proposed. This methodology results in mass spectra with at least three fragments in abundance superior to 20%, attending the World Anti-Doping Agency identification criteria for qualitative assays. The characterization of the derivatives was obtained through two ionization modes: Chemical Ionization and Electron Impact ionization, both in full scan mode. Sibutramine was administered to 5 (five) volunteers and the excretion profile followed for 92h. Routine analytical, hydroxy-cyclobutane-bis-nor-sibutramine which becomes the more abundant metabolite in the first 10h and hydroxy-isopropyl-bis-nor-sibutramine which becomes the most abundant after 40h, were proposed for doping monitoring.
Asunto(s)
Ciclobutanos/orina , Fluoroacetatos , Compuestos de Trimetilsililo/orina , Acetamidas , Ciclobutanos/química , Ciclobutanos/metabolismo , Doping en los Deportes , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Femenino , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Ácido Trifluoroacético/orinaRESUMEN
AIM: A case is reported in which sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was mistaken for anaesthetic solution and infiltrated into the buccal mucosa during routine root canal treatment. SUMMARY: A 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, kept in an anaesthetic cartridge, was inadvertently injected in the buccal mucosa of a 56-year-old female during routine root canal treatment. Soft tissue necrosis, labial ptosis and paraesthesia occurred shortly after the injection. Tissues healed with scarring and lip paraesthesia persisted for 3 years. KEY LEARNING POINTS: * NaOCl is highly irritant when introduced into oral tissues. * NaOCl solutions should not be kept in anaesthetic cartridges. * Accidents with NaOCl should be carefully assessed and when appropriate active hospital treatment should be sought. * Early recognition of NaOCl accidents may avert potentially more serious outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/administración & dosificación , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/efectos adversos , Hipoclorito de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de los Labios/inducido químicamente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necrosis , Parestesia/inducido químicamente , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/efectos adversos , Hipoclorito de Sodio/efectos adversos , Trastornos de la Visión/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Intrusive errors in verbal memory tests could be considered as a preclinical marker of familial Alzheimer disease (AD). AIMS. To analyze and to compare the number and types of intrusive errors in the CERAD verbal memory test, administered to a genealogy of affected by familial AD, with E280A presenilin-1 mutation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sample was constituted by 30 asymptomatic non-carriers (ANC), 39 non-demented carriers (NDC) and 21 demented carriers (DC). CERAD verbal memory test was administered to the sample. Comparisons, with non parametric Kruskal-Wallis' analysis, were done. RESULTS: NDC participants presented more intrusive errors than ANC group in the first and second trials and in the delay recall of the memory task; also they had more intrusive errors than the DC patients in intrusive errors of the first trial and delay recall of the same task. The ANC and DC groups had significantly more intrusions only in third trial. CONCLUSION: Intrusive errors could be considered as a cognitive preclinical marker for familial AD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Biomarcadores , Trastornos de la Memoria , Mutación , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Presenilina-1/genética , Adulto , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Heterocigoto , Humanos , Memoria , Trastornos de la Memoria/genética , Trastornos de la Memoria/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conducta Verbal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important public health problem due to its disabling character and high individual, familial and social costs. The CERAD neuropsychological battery has been widely used for evaluation and diagnosis of the cognitive deficit associated with AD. This instrument has been adapted to the Colombian culture (CERAD-Col) for the Neurosciences Group. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A study was carried out to establish the validity and reliability of the CERAD-Col in Colombian, Spanish-speaking individuals aged 50 years or more. It included 151 controls and 151 AD patients. Controls were selected from a convenience sample of 848 adults aged 50 years or more. The construct validity was determined in three ways: 1) factorial analysis; 2) correlation with the functional scales FAST and GDS (convergent-type validity) and, 3) comparison between the two groups. Internal consistency was determined by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: Three factors -memory, language and praxis- explained 88% of the total variance. Moderate but statistically significant correlations were found between neuropsychological tests and functional scales. Internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility were high. The AD group exhibited significantly lower scores (p < 0.05) than the control one. CONCLUSION: CERAD-Col is valid and reliable for the diagnosis of AD in Colombian Spanish-speaking population aged 50 years or more.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/epidemiología , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Masculino , Trastornos de la Memoria/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Memoria/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desempeño Psicomotor , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Among the flaviviruses, dengue, with its four serotypes, has spread throughout the tropics. The most advanced vaccines developed so far include live attenuated viruses, which have been tested in humans but none has been licensed. Preclinical testing of dengue vaccine candidates is performed initially in mice and in nonhuman primates. In the latter the main criteria used to assay protection are neutralizing antibodies elicited by the vaccine candidate and the magnitude and duration of peripheral viremia upon challenge of previously immunized animals. Towards the identification of wild-type viruses that could be used in challenge experiments a total of 31 rhesus monkeys were inoculated subcutaneously of wild dengue types 1, 2, and 3 viruses. The viremia caused by the different viruses was variable but it was possible to identify dengue viruses useful as challenge strains.
Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue , Dengue/virología , Viremia/virología , Animales , Chlorocebus aethiops , Dengue/prevención & control , Vacunas contra el Dengue/uso terapéutico , Virus del Dengue/clasificación , Virus del Dengue/inmunología , Virus del Dengue/patogenicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Macaca mulatta/virología , Masculino , Células Vero/virologíaRESUMEN
Among the flaviviruses, dengue, with its four serotypes, has spread throughout the tropics. The most advanced vaccines developed so far include live attenuated viruses, which have been tested in humans but none has been licensed. Preclinical testing of dengue vaccine candidates is performed initially in mice and in nonhuman primates. In the latter the main criteria used to assay protection are neutralizing antibodies elicited by the vaccine candidate and the magnitude and duration of peripheral viremia upon challenge of previously immunized animals. Towards the identification of wild-type viruses that could be used in challenge experiments a total of 31 rhesus monkeys were inoculated subcutaneously of wild dengue types 1, 2, and 3 viruses. The viremia caused by the different viruses was variable but it was possible to identify dengue viruses useful as challenge strains.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Virus del Dengue/clasificación , Virus del Dengue/patogenicidad , Viremia/virología , Chlorocebus aethiops , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Macaca mulatta/virología , Células Vero/virologíaRESUMEN
The effect of ocular protection on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity was tested in 188 newborns weighing less than 1600 g in a randomised controlled trial. No effect of ambient light reduction on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity was shown.
Asunto(s)
Luz , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/terapia , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Oftalmoscopía , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A chimeric yellow fever (YF)-dengue serotype 2 (dengue 2) virus was constructed by replacing the premembrane and envelope genes of the YF 17D virus with those from dengue 2 virus strains of Southeast Asian genotype. The virus grew to high titers in Vero cells and, after passage 2, was used for immunogenicity and attenuation studies in rhesus monkeys. Subcutaneous immunization of naive rhesus monkeys with the 17D-D2 chimeric virus induced a neutralizing antibody response associated with the protection of 6 of 7 monkeys against viremia by wild-type dengue 2 virus. Neutralizing antibody titers to dengue 2 were significantly lower in YF-immune animals than in YF-naive monkeys and protection against challenge with wild-type dengue 2 virus was observed in only 2 of 11 YF-immune monkeys. An anamnestic response to dengue 2, indicated by a sharp increase of neutralizing antibody titers, was observed in the majority of the monkeys after challenge with wild-type virus. Virus attenuation was demonstrated using the standard monkey neurovirulence test. The 17D-D2 chimera caused significantly fewer histological lesions than the YF 17DD virus. The attenuated phenotype could also be inferred from the limited viremias compared to the YF 17DD vaccine. Overall, these results provide further support for the use of chimeric viruses for the development of a new live tetravalent dengue vaccine.