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This review discusses the main methods of breeding material development, the current state, problems and prospects for medicinal and essential oil plants breeding. The relevance of this area has especially increased due to the sanctions, the resulting shortage of medicinal plants and their low quality, which does not meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. To produce a stable plant raw material base, it is necessary to actively develop a breeding process to create new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants resistant to biotic and abiotic environments. In breeding with the use of modern molecular biological methods, related species and generic complexes of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) collection can be involved, where there is extensive original genetic material of medicinal, essential oil, rare and endangered species. In the breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops, traditional methods of individual and individual-family selection, polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis and a combination of methods to obtain original breeding material are still promising. VILAR has created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and essential oil crops, most of which have been approved for use throughout the Russian Federation.

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A new computer program has been developed designed to simulate all possible variants of nasal septum deformation and anatomical malformation of turbinate bones. Moreover, the program makes it possible to analyse approaches to surgical correction of these problems. Implications of this model for the practical treatment of patients with these disorders are discussed. The program provides a qualitatively new tool for obtaining a deeper insight into a given surgical intervention and facilitates mutual understanding between the surgeon and the patient. Also, it may be used as a teaching aid in the training of young ENT specialists.

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Infrared spectra of liquid acetonitrile (CH3CN) and its solutions in CCl4, CS2, chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene-d6, acetone-d6 and dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 have been studied. E-type bands under investigation (v5 = 3009, v6 = 1448 and v7 = 1041 cm(-1)) were reproduced by the sum of two Cauchy-Gauss components, the narrower (n) and the broader (b) ones. The different temperature behaviour of the components has been found: the integrated intensities of the narrower components, In, decrease with the temperature, while the intensities of the broader ones, Ib, increase. The narrower components of the bands were explained within the framework of the orientational diffusion mechanism. The broader components of v6 and v7 were attributed to the unresolved gas-like vibration-rotational absorption of the molecules. The enthalpy difference between the molecules absorbing via these two different mechanisms was determined from the dependence of ln(In/Ib) upon T(-1) :deltaH0 = 1.26+/-0.15 kcal mol(-1). The broader component of v5 is assumed to be mainly due to interactions of C-H stretching vibrations with single particle and collective motions of molecular dipoles. The narrower components' widths were used for evaluating the spinning diffusion constant of CH3CN. The absorption in C-H stretching region was found to be strongly affected by solvent. These effects were explained within the framework of hydrogen bond formation between the CH3-group of acetonitrile and H-bond acceptor groups of the solvent molecules.

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A comparative evaluation of efficacy of magneto- and laser therapy was carried out in 82 patients with osteoarthrosis deformans. The magnetic field and laser irradiation dispelled the pain syndrome and synovitis manifestations. It is recommendable that the multiple-modality therapy of patients with osteoarthrosis deformans should involve magneto- and laser therapy (15 to 20 procedures per one course) that improve results of the treatment being received and allow the time of hospitalization to be reduced at an average by 5 bed-days. Laser appeared to be a very effective mode of treatment. No unfavourable side effects were recordable.

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Overall one hundred patients with stage II hypertensive disease (HD) were studied for central haemodynamics and chronocardiometric estimators of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart. Correlation coefficients were calculated between haemodynamic indexes and values for (LV) phase structure. In stage II HD, the above correlations were found to be dependent upon the type of central haemodynamics. But irrespective of the type of blood circulation, there was an inverse correlation between the index exertion-time and phase of slow filling, which fact is believed to be a compensatory mechanism in cardiac performance under stage II HD.

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Central chest rheography was used to study the central hemodynamics in 62 patients with hypertensive disease (grades I-II) before and after treatment. 23 patients (hyperkinetic hemodynamics) were treated with oxygen baths and endonasal lithium chloride electrophoresis; 20 with en--and hypokinetic types of hemodynamics received CO2 baths and endonasal lithium chloride electrophoresis. It is concluded that lithium chloride electrophoresis in association with balneotherapy increases the therapeutic effect in hypertensive disease, especially in patients with the hyperkinetic type of blood circulation.

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Left ventricular myocardium hypertrophy, adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, renin and aldosterone were evaluated in 100 patients subdivided in three groups depending on the type of central hypertensive disease of stage two hemodynamics. Their correlation coefficients were assessed before and after treatment. It was found that patients with hypertensive disease (stage II) did not show any regularities in the correlation between the content of hormones in the blood and signs of left ventricular myocardium hypertrophy. Hence, aldosterone, renin, ACTH, cortisol do not essentially influence the development of left ventricular myocardium hypertrophy.

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A specific form of chronic epitympanitis has been identified in children. This pathology includes tympanic membrane perforation above he lateral process of the malleus and is termed cholesteatomic epitympanitis . This is because it is accompanied by epidermis growth across the perforation into Prussak's space. This form of epitympanitis occurred in 40 (75%) children out of 53 cases operated during 10 years. It is underlined that this pathology can hardly be diagnosed since it often develops together with sclerosis of mastoid cells. These children had frequent recurrent otitis media. An immediate cause was Eustachian tube closure, often with adenoid vegetations. Adenotomy was performed in 17 (42.5%) children. All patients underwent radical surgery; 16 showed large cholesteatoma, 5 developed intracranial complications, 2 of whom had sinus thrombosis and sepsis. One of operative findings was delineation of the attic from the mesotympanum and the tympanic ostium of the Eustachian tube.

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The authors described the results of therapy of 74 spinal hemangioma patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1--radiotherapy only; 2--radiotherapy following surgical intervention for enhanced symptoms of spinal compression. Gamma-beam therapy was given 5 times a week at a single dose of 0.8-1.2 Gy. A total dose delivered to the cervical spine was 26-32 Gy, to the thoracic spine--28-30 Gy, to the lumbar spine--30-34 Gy. Field sizes varied from 3 X 4 to 3 X 12 cm depending on lesion spreading. Therapy also included traction on a special platform bed. An analysis of long-term therapeutic results (from 3 to 13 yrs.) has shown that clinical convalescence with regained working capacity in the 1st group (40 patients) was observed in 21 patients, in the 2nd group (34 patients)--in 5 patients only. Partial functional restoration was observed in both groups (19 patients in each group). The therapy applied was ineffective in 10 patients of the 2nd group.

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Over the period of 1965-1985 radiation and combined therapy for glomus tumors of different sites was provided to 80 patients aged 34 to 79. Radiation therapy alone was given to 51 patients, of them 18 patients had recurrences of malignant tumors. Radiation therapy following surgery was given to 29 patients. Gamma-beam therapy was given from fields, size from 5 X 5 to 8 X 10 cm, using in some cases lattice and wedge-shaped filters, at a single dose of 2-3 Gy up to a total dose of 60-70 Gy. Of 33 patients with primary malignant tumors 30 lived over 5 yrs., of 18 patients with postoperative recurrences 15 lived for 5 yrs. Of 29 patients who had been on combined therapy, 2 died in 3-5 yrs. of causes unrelated to the main disease.

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The paper is concerned with the results of radiation and multimodality (chemo- and radiotherapy) therapy of patients with malignant vulval tumors. All 112 patients had Stage III-IV disease. A single focal dose was 1.8-2.5 Gy, a summary dose varied from 65 to 100 Gy depending on growth type, tumor histological structure and other factors. Cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, methotrexate and 5-FU were used during simultaneous chemotherapy. Single and summary doses were administered according to an individual program. Drugs reducing local and general radiation reactions were widely used. A direct clinical cure and partial resorption were noted in 109 patients, no effect in 3. The use of various methods of gamma-beam therapy and chemoradiotherapy resulted in the 3-year survival in 51% and the 5-year survival in 18.7% of the patients.

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The authors presented the short- and long-term results of brachytherapy and combined radiotherapy in 348 patients with malignant eyelid neoplasms localized in the lower eyelid in 187 patients, in the upper eyelid in 99, in both eyelids in 4, in the inner angle of the eye in 39 and in the outer angle of the eye in 10 patients. A single focal dose was 1.5-2.5 Gy, a total dose 45-80 Gy with relation to tumor prevalence and histological structure. The eyeball was protected with the help of a lead lens ("eye prosthesis") and a universal tungsten membrane. The devices ensured nearly 100% protection of the eyelid against ionizing radiation. Direct clinical cure was noted in 342 patients, partial tumor resorption in 6 patients. Three-year recurrence-free survival was noted in 330 patients (94.8%), five-year survival in 319 (92.8%).

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Radioimmunoassays of plasma hormones were carried out, and correlation coefficients between the blood somatotrophin level and blood thyrotrophic hormone, thyroxine, renin, and aldosterone, as well as between blood somatotrophin and diastolic BP, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance, the tension and ejection time, cardiac cycle duration and electrocardiographic SV1 + RV5, were calculated in 95 patients with essential hypertension and symptomatic arterial hypertensions. Blood somatotrophin levels were shown to be basically increased in second- and third-stage essential hypertension and in chronic pyelonephritis with arterial hypertension. However, the hormone is not likely to be directly involved in the BP control.

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The paper is concerned with the short- and long-term results of gamma-beam therapy and chemo- and radiotherapy in 109 patients with malignant middle ear tumors after nonradical surgical interventions. A single focal dose was 2-2.5 Gy, a summary dose varied within 60-80 Gy with relation to the degree of dissemination, growth type and tumor histological structure. A 3-year survival rate was 41.1%, a 5-year survival rate was 21%.

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