RESUMEN
USUV in Europe is detected in vectors (mosquitoes) and has a reservoir in vertebrates. There are known fatal epidemics among birds, especially blackbirds. Currently, USUV also causes rare infections in humans. However, the emergence of clinical cases, including severe neurological symptoms, and the finding of seroprevalence in asymptomatic people (e.g. blood donors, forest workers), indicate that USUV, due to its neurotropism, may become a potential public health problem. Therefore, it is very important to monitor cases infections in humans, migratory and resident birds and other animals that may constitute a reservoir of the virus, but also detection of the virus in mosquitoes (vectors), including alien and invasive species, as well as the impact of climatic factors on the ability to spread the virus in the Europe. There is currently no evidence of virus transmission during transfusion or transplantation, but the potential risk of virus transmission from an asymptomatic blood donor to an mmunocompromised recipient must be considered. Although the occurrence of USUV in European countries is currently not a significant threat, surveillance and screening of blood donors for USUV should be carried out during the period of vector activity and during WNV epidemics, as well as in patients with symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis.
Asunto(s)
Flavivirus , Animales , Humanos , Culicidae/virología , Infecciones por Flavivirus/virología , Mosquitos Vectores/virologíaRESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii occurred in terrestrial and marine environments. Many people still do not realize that how important are the role of prevention, especially hygiene and proper food processing as well as diagnostics for pregnant women. Humans become infected with T. gondii primarily by eating raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cysts, or by ingesting oocysts with contaminated water or food (e.g. vegetables), very rarely by blood transfusion or organ transplantation. The new risk is consumption raw mussels in this oyster or blue mussels. Other invertebrates, such as some of crustaceans, are also capable of bioaccumulation of oocysts in their body. Invertebrates are mainly responsible for the spread of toxoplasmosis among marine animals, but if eaten raw, they can also be a risk factor for humans. This indicate the need to monitor also other species of invertebrates, especially those consumed by humans, due to possibility of being vector of T. gondii. Most adults do not have clinical symptoms. However, primary infection is dangerous in pregnant women due to the possibility of intrauterine infection of the fetus and the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis. The group of people who may develop clinical symptoms also include immunocompromised persons, especially those suffering from AIDS and treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Especially this group of people should receive actual information about all potential sources of infection due to the still low public awareness of threats. This paper presents a life cycle and transmission routes of T. gondii in terrestrial and marine environments with an indication of the importance for public health.
Asunto(s)
Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida , Oocistos , Embarazo , Salud Pública , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Parasites of pike Esox lucius from freshwater and brackish water in Poland are listed. This checklist summarized data published in Catalogue of Parasitic Fauna of Poland. Part II. Parasites of Cyclostomes and Fish by Jadwiga Grabda and later data from original studies. Parasites are listed alphabetically in higher taxa with their location in host and distribution in Polish waters with references. Parasites belonging to the higher taxa as Protista 11 records, Myxosporea 6, Digenea 17, Monogenea 2, Cestoda 9, Nematoda 7, Acanthocephala 7, Hirudinida 5, Mollusca unidentified glochidia, Crustacea 6, were found. The most frequently noted parasites have been Azygia lucii, Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys clavata, Tetraonchus monenteron, Triaenophorus nodulosus, Raphidascaris acus and Ergasilus sieboldi.
Asunto(s)
Esocidae , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Animales , Esocidae/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Parásitos/clasificación , Parásitos/fisiología , PoloniaRESUMEN
Nematodes of the genus Anisakis are worldwide distributed marine species parasitized many fish and cephalopod species as larvae and sea mammals as adult form. Anisakiosis as food-borne disease is an important public health problem worldwide. Human become infected by eating raw or undercooked fish or squids. Well documented are gastrointestinal response to infection but increasingly allergic symptoms were observed also after eating well cooked fish. This is because some of allergens of Anisakis are thermostable and resistant to pepsin treatment. Due to a significant increase in human mobility and global transport of fresh products like fish on ice, food-borne diseases require educational campaigns that pay attention to threats in various parts of the world.
Asunto(s)
Anisakiasis , Anisakis , Alimentos Marinos , Zoonosis , Animales , Anisakiasis/parasitología , Anisakis/química , Anisakis/inmunología , Europa (Continente) , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/parasitología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad , Larva/fisiología , Alimentos Marinos/parasitología , Zoonosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Communities of parasites of European perch from lake Lebsko were studied and compared with similar communities from the Polish coastal zone. Parasites comprised 18 autogenic and 5 allogenic species. Most individual parasites belonged to allogenic species and were in larval stages. The majority of specimens were eye parasites with Tylodelphys clavata as the eudominant species. The dominant species, Acanthocephalus lucii, belongs to the intestine parasite community. Three marine species were found: Bothriocephalus scorpii, Hysterothylacium aduncum and Echinorchynhus gadi. The results indicate that the parasite fauna consists mostly of freshwater species, common in various types of European waters, while marine species were rarely observed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/parasitología , Perciformes , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Lagos , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/epidemiología , Polonia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Parasites of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), and the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (L.), from brackish and freshwater habitats in Poland are listed. The following list was compiled from published records and own long-term studies. Parasites are listed alphabetically in meaningful groups of parasites with notes about their location on the host and distribution in Poland with references. A total of 51 species (taxa) of parasites were recorded on G. aculeatus (3 Apicomplexa, 1 Microsporidia, 3 Peritrichia, 1 Myxozoa, 7 Digenea, 2 Monogenea, 10 Cestoda, 10 Nematoda, 7 Acanthocephala, 3 Copepoda, 1 Branchiura, 2 Hirudinea, 1 Bivalvia) and 16 parasites on P. pungitius (1 Apicomplexa, 1 Microsporidia, 2 Peritrichia, 4 Digenea, 1 Monogenea, 2 Cestoda, 2 Nematoda, 1 Copepoda, 1 Branchiura, 1 Bivalvia).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Parásitos/clasificación , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/parasitología , Smegmamorpha/parasitología , Animales , Biodiversidad , Bases de Datos Factuales , PoloniaRESUMEN
Both sexes of an ergasilid copepod, Limnoncaea diuncata Kokubo, 1914, are redescribed based on planktonic specimens collected from the type-locality in Hokkaido, Japan. Comparison of this species with Thersitina gasterostei (Pagenstecher, 1861) revealed that they are conspecific. Another ergasilid genus with two claws on the antenna, Diergasilus Do, 1981, is relegated to synonymy with Thersitina Norman, 1905. The diagnosis of Thersitina is amended.
Asunto(s)
Copépodos/anatomía & histología , Smegmamorpha/parasitología , Animales , Copépodos/clasificación , Copépodos/ultraestructura , Femenino , Branquias/parasitología , Japón , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de RastreoRESUMEN
Seasonal changes of infection were observed in the case of some species of ectoparasites: Trichodina domerguei domerguei, T. tenuidens, Gyrodactylus arcuatus, and Thersitina gasterostei, as well as for endoparasites: Glugea anomala, Schistocephalus solidus, Diphyllobothrium ditremum, and Proteocephalus filicollis. Same seasonal changes in frequency of developmental stages were observed in the case of females T. gasterostei. The highest level of infection with ectoparasites was observed in spring and summer and was probably an effect of increase of the reproductive activity with increase of temperature. Infection with tapeworms was generally low and was a result of feeding activity and fish diet.