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The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between child-to-parent violence (CPV) (high, moderate and low), peer victimization (PV) (relational and overt, both physical and verbal) and cybervictimization (CV) (relational and overt), taking into account the role of sex. 1304 adolescents (53.14% girls) between the ages of 11 and 18 enrolled at secondary schools in the Autonomous Communities of Valencia, Aragón and Andalusia participated in the study. Adolescents with high CPV scores obtained higher scores for all types of PV and CV compared to the other CPV groups. Boys scored higher than girls in overt physical PV and in overt CV and girls obtained higher scores in relational PV. A statistically significant interaction effect was observed; boys with high CPV scores reported greater overt CV. The results suggest the importance of CPV in relation to specific forms of PV and CV and highlight the need to take into account the different processes of family socialization between boys and girls to reduce the likelihood of adolescents being victimized.

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Mediation analysis has been confirmed as a very useful statistical tool in the social sciences, especially in school-related studies. This type of analysis was used in the present study to examine the mediating role of classroom climate (measured with the classroom environmental scale), categorized into three dimensions, namely involvement, affiliation, and teacher support, on the relationship between peer victimization and peer aggression. The participants consisted of 2011 adolescents (50.67% boys and 49.32% girls), aged between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.17; SD = 1.47), enrolled in schools in Andalusia (Spain). Findings revealed a significant direct relationship of all the dimensions. They also revealed that teacher support was the only dimension that mediates in the relationship between peer violence and peer aggression. The results and their implications for improving classroom climate and school violence are discussed.

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School violence is a serious social and public health problem prevalent worldwide. Although the relevance of teacher and classroom factors is well established in the literature, few studies have focused on the role of teacher perceptions in school violence and victimisation and the potential mediational role of classroom climate in this relationship. A total of 2399 adolescents (50% girls), aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 14.65, SD = 1.78) and enrolled in five Spanish Secondary Compulsory Education schools completed measures of classroom climate, school violence towards peers and perception of peer victimisation, and their teachers informed about their academic competence and the teacher-student relationship. Correlational analyses revealed that whereas academic competence perceived by the teacher was negatively related to overt violence and victimisation, its relationship with pure relational violence was positive. Structural equation modelling analyses showed that variables of classroom climate (involvement, affiliation, and teacher support) perceived by the students functioned as partial mediators between teacher perceptions of academic competence and of teacher-student relationship and violence and victimisation. In the mediational model, teacher perception of academic competence acted as a direct protective factor against violence and victimisation, and teacher perception of teacher-student relationship acted as a direct risk for violence, as well as an indirect protective factor through classroom climate for victimisation. The interpretation of these results points to the importance of the teacher's subjective perceptions in the prevention of violence and victimisation problems and their practical implications for the classroom climate perceived by students.

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The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationships between forgiveness, motivations for revenge, avoidance, and benevolence; loneliness, emotional loneliness and positive subjective evaluation of the social network; and peer victimization in schools, relational, overt physical, and overt verbal, based on gender. A battery of instruments was administered to 617 Spanish students (50.7% boys and 49.3% girls), aged between 10 and 16 years (M = 13.04 years, SD = 1.80 years) from primary and secondary education. A multivariate analysis of variance and a multiple block regression for data analysis was used. Study results revealed that the most victimized students showed greater motivation for revenge and avoidance, as well as a greater perception of emotional loneliness and less positive subjective evaluation of their social network. In addition, the findings obtained in the regression analysis (stepwise) indicated that being a boy between 11 and 13 years old and having a high level of emotional loneliness and high avoidance motivation were the most important predictors of peer victimization. Finally, the findings and their possible implications in the design of intervention projects that encourage forgiveness in interpersonal conflicts and integration in social networks as preventive strategies of peer victimization were discussed.

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In recent years, cases of child-to-parent violence (CPV) have increased significantly, prompting greater scientific interest in clarifying its causes. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between styles of family communication (open, offensive and avoidant), emotional intelligence or EI (attention, repair and perceived emotional clarity) and CPV, taking into account the gender of the aggressors. The participants of the study were 1200 adolescents (46.86% boys) between the ages of 12 and 18 enrolled at secondary schools in the Autonomous Communities of Andalusia and Valencia (M = 13.88, SD = 1.32). A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA, 3 × 2) was performed with CPV and gender as independent variables and family communication styles and EI as dependent variables. The results showed that the adolescents with low CPV obtained lower scores for offensive and avoidant family communication and higher scores for both positive family communication and emotional repair. The girls scored higher than the boys in both offensive communication and perceived emotional attention. The results highlight the importance of encouraging positive communication, as well as the need to strengthen perceived emotional repair to prevent future cases of CPV.

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Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre los distintos factores relativos al ambiente familiar, el conocimiento y el goce de derechos familiares, y el apoyo social con adolescentes altos en bienestar subjetivo. Previo consentimiento informado, participaron 259 estudiantes de escuelas secundarias con niveles de excelencia en el rendimiento académico en una ciudad del noroeste de México. Como resultados el valor de lambda de Wilks = 0,659 y su valor transformado (x2 (10) = 104,14; p = 0,000) resultan significativos. Las variables evaluadas de ambiente familiar positivo y apoyo social, a excepción del conocimiento y goce de derechos familiares, discriminaron significativamente a estudiantes con reportes altos de bienestar. En conclusión, si el adolescente reporta un ambiente familiar positivo y apoyo social, mayor es la probabilidad de bienestar subjetivo.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between positive family environment variables, knowledge and exercise of family rights as well as social support in adolescents with high subjective well-being. After informed consent, 259 high school students participated with levels of excellence in academic performance in a city in northwestern of Mexico. As a result, the lambda de Wilks value = 0,659 and its transformed value (x.2 (10) = 104,14; p = 0,000) are significant. The variables evaluated of positive family environment and social support, with the exception for knowledge and enjoyment of family rights, discriminated significantly students with high reports of well-being. In conclusion, if the adolescent reports a positive family environment and social support, the greater the probability of subjective well-being.

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The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationships between child-to-parent violence and parental socialization styles with the problematic use of social networking sites, alexithymia and attitude towards institutional authority in adolescents. A sample of 2,399 adolescents (50.2% boys and 49.8% girls) enrolled in schools in Andalusia, aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.63, SD = 1.91) participated in the study. A MANOVA 4 × 2 × 2 was carried out. The results showed that high child-to-parent violence was related to high levels of problematic use of social networking sites, alexithymia, and a more positive attitude towards the transgression of social norms. It was also found that adolescents from families with an indulgent style showed the lowest scores in problematic use of social networking sites, alexithymia, and positive attitude towards the transgression of social norms. Additionally, in situations of high child-to-parent violence, girls had higher scores in problematic use of social networking sites and alexithymia than boys. Finally, the results and their practical implications are discussed

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la violencia filioparental y los estilos de socialización parental con el uso problemático de las redes sociales virtuales, la alexitimia y la actitud hacia la autoridad institucional en adolescentes. Participaron 2,399 adolescentes (50.2% chicos y 49,8% chicas) escolarizados en centros educativos de Andalucía, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (M = 14.63, DT = 1.91). Se realizó un MANOVA 4 × 2 × 2. Los resultados mostraron que la alta violencia filioparental se relacionaba con altos niveles de uso problemático de las redes sociales virtuales, de alexitimia y con una actitud más positiva hacia la transgresión de normas sociales. También se constató que los adolescentes procedentes de familias con un estilo indulgente mostraron las menores puntuaciones en uso problemático de las redes sociales virtuales, alexitimia y actitud positiva hacia la transgresión de normas sociales. Además, en situaciones de alta violencia filioparental, las chicas presentaron mayores puntuaciones en uso problemático de las redes sociales virtuales y de alexitimia que los chicos. Finalmente se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones prácticas

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The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the parenting styles-authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful-and reactive and proactive school violence among peers. These analyses were also performed by sex and age groups. The sample consisted of 2399 Spanish adolescents (50.2% male), aged between 12 and 18 years, mean (M) = 14.69, standard deviation (SD) = 1.82. A multivariate analisys of variance (MANOVA, 4 × 2 × 2) was applied, considering parenting style, sex, and age group (12⁻14 and 15⁻18 years) as independent variables to analyze the possible effects of interaction. Reactive, proactive, and pure violence were the dependent variables. The results showed the main effects of parenting styles, sex, and age, as well as an interaction between sex, age, and parenting styles. The interpretation of the findings suggested that the authoritarian parenting style was related to greater engagement in proactive and reactive violent behaviors. In relation to the effect of the interaction between sex, age, and parenting styles, it was observed that adolescents from indulgent families, of both sexes and in any of the studied age groups, obtained lower scores in proactive violence. The discussion highlights the importance of affection and warmth for well-adjusted children's behavior.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las relaciones existentes entre la participación de los adolescentes en conductas de ocio saludables con familia y amigos, el funcionamiento familiar, la actitud hacia la autoridad institucional y el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes escolarizados y en función del género. Participaron 536 adolescentes de ambos sexos (50.7% hombres y 47.2% mujeres) de 12 a 19 años (M= 14.86 años, DT= 3.47) escolarizados en 6 centros educativos de Educación Secundaria de Sevilla (España). Se calculó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para el análisis de los datos. Se constató que la implicación en conductas saludables de ocio con familia y amigos se relaciona directamente con un menor consumo de alcohol en adolescentes e, indirectamente, a través de sus relaciones con el funcionamiento familiar y la actitud hacia la autoridad institucional. No se obtuvieron diferencias respecto del género

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between adolescent participation in behaviors of healthy leisure with family and friends, family functioning, attitude towards institutional authority and alcohol consumption by gender in a sample of adolescents. 536 adolescents of both sexes (50.7% boys and 47.2% girls), aged 12-19 years (M = 14.86 years, SD = 3.47) from 6 secondary schools in Seville (Spain) participated in the study. Structural equation model for the analysis of the data was calculated. It was found that involvement in leisure healthy behaviors with family and friends is directly related to lower alcohol consumption in adolescents and indirectly through their relationships with family functioning and attitude towards institutional authority. No gender differences were obtained

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El presente estudio tiene dos objetivos: (1) analizar las relaciones del clima escolar y el ajuste escolar con la victimización en adolescentes a través de sus relaciones con la reputación no-conformista y la satisfacción vital, y (2) explorar el efecto moderador del género en estas relaciones. Participaron en el estudio 1884 adolescentes españoles (52% chicos y 48% chicas) con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 11 y los 17 años (M=13.7, DT=1.4). Para analizar estas relaciones se llevó a cabo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con el programa EQS. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el clima y el ajuste escolar se relacionan de modo directo e indirecto con la victimización escolar, a través de la satisfacción con la vida. También se ha encontrado el efecto moderador del género en la relación entre el clima escolar y la reputación no conformista. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados y sus posibles implicaciones (AU)

This study has two aims: (1) to analyze the relationships of school climate and school adjustment with school victimization in adolescents through their relationships with non-conformist reputation and satisfaction with live, and (2) to explore the moderating effect of gender on these relationships. Participants were 1884 Spanish adolescents (52% boys and 48% girls), aged from 11 to 17 years. Structural equation modelling was carried out using the EQS program. Results shows that school climate and school adjustment are both directly and indirectly related to the school victimization, through its satisfaction with live. It has also found that gender has a moderating effect of gender on the path school climate and non-conformist reputation. Finally, results and its possible implications are discussed (AU)

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The present study aims to analyze the relationships between community involvement, perception of family and school climate, and emotional and social problems in adolescents (satisfaction with life, non-conformist social reputation, and school violence). The sample was composed of 1884 (52% boys and 48% girls) adolescents aged from 11 to 17 years old (M = 13.7, SD = 1.4) from the Valencia Community and Andalusia. A structural equation model was calculated to analyze the data. The results indicated that adolescent community involvement was associated with positive perceptions of family and school climate, and school violence. Associations between the variables of the study included in the structural model were also analyzed as a function of gender. The relationship between school climate and social reputation was significant only for boys. Likewise, the association between community involvement and violent behavior was found to be significant only for boys. Finally, the results and their possible implications are discussed (AU)

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones entre la implicación comunitaria, la percepción del clima familiar y escolar, y la problemática emocional y social en adolescentes. Las variables relacionadas con la problemática emocional y social fueron la satisfacción vital, la reputación social no conformista y la violencia escolar. La muestra se compuso de 1884 (52% chicos y 48% chicas) adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años (M = 13.7, SD = 1.4) pertenecientes a la Comunidad Valenciana y Andalucía. Para el análisis de los datos se calculó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indicaron que la implicación comunitaria de los adolescentes se relaciona con la percepción positiva del clima familiar y escolar, y con la violencia escolar. Las asociaciones entre las variables incluidas en el modelo estructural también se analizaron en función del género. La relación entre el clima escolar y la reputación social resultó ser significativa sólo para los chicos. Del mismo modo, la asociación entre la implicación comunitaria y la conducta violenta escolar mostró ser significativa únicamente para los chicos. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y sus posibles implicaciones (AU)

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la reputación social del adolescente -percibida e ideal-, y la violencia instrumental -manifiesta y relacional- en adolescentes desde una perspectiva de género. La muestra utilizada en este estudios fue de 1319 adolescentes -T1- de ambos sexos (53% chicas y 47% chicos) y de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años (edad media 13.5;desviación típica 1.5), escolarizados en siete centros educativos de enseñanza secundaria y, de 554 estudiantes-T2- (54% chicas y 46% chicos). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Reputación Social no conformista de Carroll, Houghton, Hattie y Durkin (1999) y la Escala de Conducta Violenta Instrumental de Little, Henrich, Jones y Hawley (2003). A partir del análisis de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales se obtuvo que la reputación ideal y percibida no conformista (T1) se relaciona con la reputación percibida (T2). También se observó una relación indirecta entre la reputación percibida (T1) y la reputación percibida (T2) a través de la violencia manifiesta instrumental. Se analizan estos resultados desdela perspectiva de género (AU)

The aim of the current study was to analyze the relationship between non-conformist social reputation(perceived and ideal) and instrumental violence (overt and relational) in adolescents from the gender perspective. The sample was composed of 1319 adolescents -T1- aged from 11 to 16 years old (Mean13.5; S.D. 1.5) and both sexes (53 % girls and 47 % boys) in secondary school, and 554 students -T2- (54% girls and 46 % boys). Measures were Non-conformist social reputation scale (Carroll, Houghton, Hattieand Durkin, 1999) and Instrumental violence behavior scale (Little, Henrich, Jones and Hawley, 2003).From structural equation models it was found that the non-conforming social reputation -ideal and perceived-(T1) was related with non-conforming social reputation (T2). An indirect relation was also observed between perceived reputation (T1) and perceived reputation (T2) through overt instrumental violence. Results were analyzed from a gender perspective (AU)

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El presente estudio tiene dos objetivos: (1) analizar las relaciones entre los ámbitos comunitario (integración en la comunidad), familiar (percepción del clima familiar), escolar (percepción del clima escolar) e individual (reputación social y satisfacción con la vida) y la victimización escolar en adolescentes, desde una perspectiva ecológica, y (2) examinar las diferencias entre chicos y chicas en estas relaciones. La muestra está compuesta por 1795 adolescentes de ambos sexos (52% chicos y 48%chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 18 años (M = 14.2, DT = 1.68) procedentes de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Se calculó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con el programa EQS. Los resultados indicaron que el clima escolar y la satisfacción con la vida se asocian de manera positiva con la victimización. Además, la integración comunitaria y el clima familiar se relacionan con la victimización a través de la satisfacción con la vida. El análisis multigrupo en función del sexo indicó que la relación entre el clima escolar y la reputación social, así como entre implicación comunitaria y reputación social resultó significativa únicamente para los chicos. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y sus posibles implicaciones desde un enfoque ecológico (AU)

The present study has two objectives. The first is to analyze the relationships between community (integration in the community), family (perception of family climate), school (perception of school climate) and individual (social reputation and satisfaction with life) and school victimization among adolescents, from an ecological perspective. Secondly, this study aims to examine the differences in these relationships between boys and girls. The sample is composed of 1795 adolescents of both sexes (52% boys and 48% girls) whose ages range from 11 to 18 years old (M = 14.2, SD = 1.68) and who are all from the Spanish Autonomous Community of Andalucia. A model of structural equations was calculated using the EQS program. The results indicated that school climate and satisfaction with life are positively associated with victimization. In addition, community integration and family climate are related to victimization through life satisfaction. The multigroup analysis by sex indicated that the relationship between school climate and social reputation, as well as between implication in the community and social reputation were only statistically significant in the case of boys. Finally, the results obtained and their potential implications are discussed from an ecological point of view (AU)

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The aim of the current study was to analyse the relationship among adolescents' social reputation--perceived and ideal--, relational violence at the school context and their specific psychosocial adjustment variables such as loneliness, self-esteem and life satisfaction. The sample comprised 1319 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years old. Results suggested that adolescents who wish for and seek a non-conforming social reputation (ideal) report more loneliness, have lower self-esteem and feel more dissatisfied with their lives, factors all linked to higher participation in behaviours involving relational violence. Conversely, adolescents who already have a non-conforming social reputation (perceived) report less feelings of loneliness and higher levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction, thus having less involvement in acts of relational violence. Associations among the variables included in the structural model were also analysed as a function of sex.

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The present study aims to analyse the relationship between family environment and school environment as perceived by the adolescent, examining the role that particular individual factors (as the empathic skill, the attitude to institutional authority and the violent behaviour at school) played in that association. The sample is composed of 1319 adolescents aged from 11 to 16 years old, and studying in seven secondary schools in the Valencian Community. A structural equation model was conducted to analyse the data. The results indicate that family environment is indirectly related to social environment in the classroom through the following links: quality of family environment showed a direct relationship with the empathy development, attitude towards teachers and school as figures and institution of formal authority, as well as with the adolescent’s violent behaviour at school, which in turn contributed to shape their perception of school environment (AU)

El presente estudio analiza la relación entre el clima familiar y el clima escolar percibidos por el adolescente, examinando el rol desempeñado por determinados factores individuales (capacidad empática, actitud hacia la autoridad institucional y conducta violenta en la escuela) en dicha asociación. La muestra se compone de 1319 adolescentes de edades entre 11 y 16 años, escolarizados en siete centros de enseñanza secundaria de la Comunidad Valenciana. Para el análisis de los datos se ha calculado un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que el clima familiar se relaciona indirectamente con el clima social del aula a través de las siguientes asociaciones: la calidad del clima familiar mostró una relación directa con el desarrollo de la empatía, la actitud hacia el profesorado y la escuela como figura e institución de autoridad formal, así como con el comportamiento violento del adolescente en la escuela que, a su vez, contribuyeron a determinar la percepción del adolescente del clima escolar (AU)

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la reputación social del adolescente -percibida e ideal-, la violencia relacional en el contexto escolar y determinadas variables deajuste psicosocial, como la soledad, la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida. La muestra estaba constituida por 1.319 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años. Los datos sugirieron que los adolescentes que anhelan y buscan una reputación social no conformista (ideal) informan de mayor soledad, tienen una autoestima más baja y se sienten más insatisfechos con su vida, aspectos vinculados con la mayor participación en comportamientos que implican violencia relacional. Por el contrario, los adolescentes que ya poseen una reputación social no conformista (percibida) informan de menos sentimientos de soledad, y de una mayor autoestima y satisfacción vital, con lo que la participación en actos violentos de tipo relacional es menos elevada. Las asociaciones entre las variables incluidas en el modelo estructural también fueron analizadas en función del sexo (AU)

The aim of the current study was to analyse the relationship among adolescents’ social reputation -perceived and ideal-, relational violence at the school context and their specific psychosocial adjustment variables such as loneliness, self-esteem and life satisfaction. The sample comprised 1319 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years old. Results suggested that adolescents who wish for and seek a non-conforming social reputation (ideal) report more loneliness, have lower self-esteem and feel more dissatisfied with their lives, factors all linked to higher participation in behaviours involving relational violence. Conversely, adolescents who already have a non-conforming social reputation(perceived) report less feelings of loneliness and higher levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction, thus having less involvement in acts of relational violence. Associations among the variables included in the structural model were also analysed as a function of sex (AU)

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In this article, the authors analyze the relationship which exists among different sources of social support and three health indicators during adolescence: the presence of depressions, alcohol consumption and smoking cannabis. The sources of social support analyzed are: support by the father support by the mother; support by one's steady boy/girl friend, and support by one's best friend. The sample for this study is comprised of 1002 adolescents aged 12 to 20. Results show that a greater perception of support by the father and by the mother leads to lesser incidences of depression. The perception of greater paternal support is also connected to lesser consumption of both alcohol and cannabis. However the perception of greater support by one's steady boy/girlfriend is associated with a higher degree of alcoholic consumption during adolescence.

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The purpose of present study is to analyse the relationship among certain family and school factors, adolescents' attitude towards institutional authority, and violent behaviour at school. The sample is composed of 1049 adolescents of both sexes and aged from 11 to 16 years old. Statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling. Results indicate a close association between negative communication with father and violent behaviour in adolescence. Moreover, data suggest that teachers' expectations affect students' attitude towards institutional authority, which in turn is closely related to school violence. Finally, findings show an indirect influence of father, mother and teacher in adolescents' violent behaviour, mainly through their effect on family- and school-self-concept.

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El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación existente entre determinados factores familiares y escolares, la actitud del adolescente hacia la autoridad institucional y la conducta violenta en la escuela. La muestra se compone de 1.049 adolescentes de ambos sexos y edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años. Para el análisis de los datos se ha calculado un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que existe una estrecha asociación entre la comunicación negativa con el padre y la conducta violenta en la adolescencia. Los datos también sugieren que las expectativas del profesor inciden en la actitud del alumno hacia la autoridad institucional, que a su vez se encuentra estrechamente vinculada con la conducta violenta en la escuela. Por último, encontramos una influencia indirecta del padre, la madre y el profesor en el comportamiento violento del hijo-alumno, fundamentalmente a través de su efecto en el autoconcepto familiar y escolar

The purpose of present study is to analyse the relationship among certain family and school factors, adolescents attitude towards institutional authority, and violent behaviour at school. The sample is composed of 1049 adolescents of both sexes and aged from 11 to 16 years old. Statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling. Results indicate a close association between negative communication with father and violent behaviour in adolescence. Moreover, data suggest that teachers expectations affect students attitude towards institutional authority, which in turn is closely related to school violence. Finally, findings show an indirect influence of father, mother and teacher in adolescents violent behaviour, mainly through their effect on family- and school-self-concept

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En este artículo se analiza la relación existente entre distintas fuentes de apoyo social y tres indicadores de salud en la adolescencia: la presencia de ánimo depresivo, el consumo de alcohol y el consumo de cannabis. Las fuentes de apoyo social analizadas son: el apoyo del padre, de la madre, de la pareja y del mejor amigo/a. La muestra está compuesta por 1.002 adolescentes de 12 a 20 años. Los resultados indican que una mayor percepción de apoyo del padre y de la madre se relaciona con un menor ánimo depresivo. La percepción de un mayor apoyo paterno también se relaciona con un menor consumo tanto de alcohol como de cannabis. Sin embargo, la percepción de apoyo de la pareja se asocia con un consumo más elevado de alcohol durante la adolescencia

In this article, the authors analyze the relationship which exists among different sources of social support and three health indicators during adolescence: the presence of depressions, alcohol consumption and smoking cannabis. The sources of social support analyzed are: support by the father support by the mother; support by one's steady boy/girl friend, and support by one's best friend. The sample for this study is comprised of 1002 adolescents aged 12 to 20. Results show that a greater perception of support by the father and by the mother leads to lesser incidences of depression. The perception of greater paternal support is also connected to lesser consumption of both alcohol and cannabis. However the perception of greater support by one's steady boy/girlfriend is associated with a higher degree of alcoholic consumption during adolescente

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