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Background: There is pressing urgency to identify therapeutic targets and drugs that allow treating COVID-19 patients effectively. Methods: We performed in silico analyses of immune system protein interactome network, single-cell RNA sequencing of human tissues, and artificial neural networks to reveal potential therapeutic targets for drug repurposing against COVID-19. Results: We screened 1,584 high-confidence immune system proteins in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-expressing cells, finding 25 potential therapeutic targets significantly overexpressed in nasal goblet secretory cells, lung type II pneumocytes, and ileal absorptive enterocytes of patients with several immunopathologies. Then, we performed fully connected deep neural networks to find the best multitask classification model to predict the activity of 10,672 drugs, obtaining several approved drugs, compounds under investigation, and experimental compounds with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristics. Conclusion: After being effectively analyzed in clinical trials, these drugs can be considered for treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. Scripts can be downloaded at https://github.com/muntisa/immuno-drug-repurposing-COVID-19.
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Wistar rats (n=20) were divided in two groups: G1 received 2 mg/kg of GBE (Ginkgo biloba extract 761), whereas G2 received the same volume of a sodium chloride solution (0.9%), both for 10 days. After a 7-day interval, the treatment was repeated for 8 days. Urine volume and food and water intake were measured daily during this protocol. Histological assessments were performed. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in food and water intake of animals during treatment with GBE. Animals who received GBE had a smaller urine volume and increase of weight with a significance difference (p<0.05) during the first and second exposure period. No histological alteration was observed in tissues, except for the kidney of the experimental group, which revealed a higher concentration of red cells in the glomerulus with a strong staining for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The introduction of GBE (therapeutic dose) in health rats may promote alterations in the physiology of the kidney, but no sufficient to modify the glomerulus architecture, including at ultra structural level (electron microscopy).
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We evaluated the in vitro effect of an aqueous extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) on the distribution in blood cells (BC) and plasma (P) and on the binding of Na(123)I to the blood constituents using precipitation with trichloroacetic acid. The radioactivity percentages insoluble (SF) and insoluble fraction (IF) of blood constituents were determined. The EGb interfered (p<0.05) on the distribution of Na(123)I in the P (from 69.64 to 86.13) and BC (from 30.36 to 13.87) and altered the fixation of the Na(123)I in IF-P and in IF-BC.
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Análisis Químico de la Sangre/métodos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/química , Ginkgo biloba/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas/métodos , Yoduro de Sodio/química , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/química , Unión ProteicaRESUMEN
Introducción: Un porcentaje significativo de personas que adquieren una lesión cerebral necesita programas de rehabilitación ambulatoria. En Chile predomina aún un modelo biomédico de rehabilitación, no obstante, las nuevas guías clínicas recomiendan un abordaje interdisciplinario que considere las necesidades del paciente y su familia. Actualmente existe un vacío respecto a cómo operacionalizar intervenciones eficaces que respondan a este paradigma. Objetivo: Encontrar evidencia que permita el desarrollo y evaluación de enfoques en neurorehabilitación ambulatoria de personas con lesión cerebral adquirida y las posibles metodologías de operacionalización de estos. Metodología: Revisión inductiva y conceptual de la literatura. Resultados: En la literatura chilena no existe evidencia empírica ni desarrollos sistemáticos sobre los fundamentos y la efectividad de los programas de rehabilitación ambulatoria para estas personas. En la literatura internacional se destacan tres enfoques: el enfoque holista, el centrado en el cliente y el basado en la planificación de metas. Si bien tales enfoques permiten guiar las acciones de los equipos, la evidencia de su efectividad, en base al criterio de expertos y pequeños estudios longitudinales y de caso único, es aun limitada. Conclusiones: Esencial a la construcción de identidad de un equipo de rehabilitación es determinar los principios y enfoques que sustente su labor. La complejidad y diversidad de los pacientes en la fase ambulatoria requiere que los equipos posean claros fundamentos para guiar la constante toma de decisiones. Es necesaria la evaluación de la eficacia de los programas de rehabilitación ambulatoria en Chile, desarrollando metodologías acordes a la naturaleza multifactorial del fenómeno.
Introduction: A significant percentage of people who acquire a Brain Injury need outpatient rehabilitation programs. In Chile the rehabilitation field is in a transitional stage. Even though the biomedical model is predominant in rehabilitation, the clinical guidelines have begun to recommend an interdisciplinary approach that considers patients needs and their families. Now-a-days, there is a gap on how to operationalize effective interventions responding to this paradigm. Objectives: To find evidence that sustains the development and assessment of outpatient neurorehabilitation approaches of people with brain injury and, to describe the possible operationalization methodologies of these. Methodology: Inductive and conceptual review of literature. Results: In Chilean Literature does not exist empirical evidence nor systematic developments on the foundations and effectiveness of outpatient rehabilitation programs for people with brain injury. International Literature describes three approaches: holistic, client centered, and goal-based. While such approaches can guide the team actions, the evidence of their effectiveness, based on expert criteria and small longitudinal studies and single case studies is still limited. Conclusions: For the development of a rehabilitation team identity, it is essential to determine the principles and approaches that support their work. Due to complexity and diversity of patients in the ambulatory phase, it is crucial that teams have clear foundations to guide the constant decision making. The evaluation of the effectiveness of ambulatory programs in Chile is a necessity; also it is to develop methodologies according to the nature of the phenomenon.
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Humanos , Atención Ambulatoria , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Rehabilitación/métodos , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/rehabilitación , Modelos TeóricosRESUMEN
Introduction: the lesions caused by herpes simplex are common and have symptoms affecting the quality of life of affected people. Objective: this study aims to assess the safety efficacy of cream with Uncaria tomentosa (cat?s claw), for topical treatment of the herpes labialis. Methods: a clinical investigation was undertaken by means of controlled, randomized, double-blinded protocol in humans. According to the regulatory procedures, 74 patients were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria previously submitted to the Local Ethical Committee (no 144/02) whenever herpes labialis lesion appeared. Following, those selected through medical evaluation received either the test (Uncaria) or the reference (Acyclovir) drug. Results: fifty-four episodes of herpes labialis lesions ecloded in 31 volunteers. After their clinical assessment, one showed 4 episodes, two had 3 episodes and six had 2 infections. Hence, 27 patients received the reference drug while 27 applied the Uncaria cream four times a day. Overall, there were not significant differences between either responses. Although, the Uncaria group showed lower scores on the first two days of treatment (p < 0,005; t = 0,028), on day 3, it was even to Acyclovir. Conclusion:the assessment of clinical efficacy of either treatment demonstrated that both drugs were safe as no adverse reactions were reported. Futher, there was no difference (p > 0,05) in the overall period infections as well as in the inflammatory process or crost formation. Regarding the severity of inflammatory reaction, the clinical efficacy of Uncaria tomentosa was significantly better than acyclovir. Rather than the being antiviral drug, the Uncaria tomentosa may act as an anti-inflammatory agent and this would possibly represent an advantage of not inducing viral resistance for long use.
Introdução: as lesões causadas por herpes simples são comuns e apresentam sintomatologia que altera a qualidade de vida das pessoas acometidas. Objetivo: este estudo visa avaliar a eficácia da segurança de creme com Uncaria tomentosa (unha-de-gato) para o tratamento tópico de herpes labial. Métodos: a pesquisa clínica foi realizada por meio de protocolo controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego. De acordo com os procedimentos de regulamentação, 74pacientes foram selecionados com base em critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente submetidos à Comissão de Ética Local (no 144/02), sempre a lesão de herpes labial apareceu. Em seguida, os selecionados através de avaliação médica receberam o produto-teste (Uncaria) ou o de referência (aciclovir).Resultados: cinquenta e quatro episódios de lesões de herpes labial eclodiram em 31 voluntários. Após a avaliação clínica, um apresentou quatro episódios, dois tiveram três episódios e seis tinham duas infecções. Assim, 27 pacientes receberam a droga de referência, enquanto 27 aplicaram o creme Uncaria quatro vezes por dia. Em geral, não houve diferença significativa entre as respostas. Contudo, o grupo de Uncaria apresentou escores inferiores nos dois primeiros dias de tratamento (p < 0,005 t = 0,028), depois do dia 3, foi similar ao aciclovir. Conclusão: a avaliação da eficácia clínica dos tratamentosdemonstraram que ambas as drogas foram seguras, bem como não foram notificadas reações adversas. Além disso, não houve diferença significativa (p 0,05) no período total de infecções, bem como no processo inflamatório ou na formação de crosta. Quanto à gravidade da reação inflamatória, a eficácia clínica da Uncaria tomentosa foi significativamente melhor do que o aciclovir. Em vez de a droga ser antiviral, a Uncaria tomentosa pode atuar como um agente anti-inflamatório e isso, possivelmente, representa uma vantagem de não induzir resistência viral para uso por muito tempo.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Aciclovir , Uña de Gato , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Herpes Labial/terapia , Herpes Simple/terapia , Método Doble CiegoRESUMEN
Food allergy is an adverse reaction that occurs in susceptible people when they eat sensitizing foods and is one of the causes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The effort to understand the induction process of these diseases is important as IBD is increasing worldwide, including in Brazil. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental antigen specific inflammatory process of the gut of mice and rats, using peanut seeds. Animals were immunized with peanut protein extract before their exposure to the in natura peanut seeds. Results showed that systemic immunization with peanut protein extracts rendered significantly higher antibody titers than control groups and that immunized animals submitted to a challenge diet containing peanuts presented time dependent alterations of the gut similar to celiac disease. In conclusion, results suggested that this experimental model was a convenient tool to study the evolution of alterations in chronic antigen specific gut inflammatory process.
A alergia alimentar consiste em uma reação adversa que ocorre em pessoas susceptíveis quando ingerem alimentos sensibilizantes, sendo uma das causas das Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (IBD). O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo experimental de indução de um processo inflamatório intestinal antígeno-específico em camundongos e ratos. Foi escolhida para a indução deste processo a semente de amendoim. Os animais foram imunizados com o extrato protéico previamente à exposição com a semente in natura. Nossos resultados mostram que a imunização sistêmica com extratos protéicos de amendoim ocasiona títulos significativamente maiores de anticorpos quando comparado ao grupo controle e que os animais imunizados submetidos ao desafio com a dieta contendo exclusivamente amendoim apresentam alterações intestinais tempo-dependente similares àquelas observadas na doença celíaca. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que este modelo experimental constitui uma ferramenta conveniente para avaliar as alterações no processo inflamatório intestinal crônico antígeno-específico
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The influence (in vivo and in vitro) of an Uncaria tomentosa extract (Cats claw) on the labeling of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma and cellular proteins with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) was evaluated. For the in vivo treatment, animals were treated with Cats claw. For the in vitro treatment, heparinized blood was incubated with Cats claw before the addition of stannous chloride (SnCl2) and Tc-99m. Samples of plasma (P) and RBCs were separated and also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid. The soluble and insoluble fractions of P and RBCs were isolated. The analysis of the results of the in vivo study, indicates that there is no significant alteration on the uptake of Tc-99m by the blood constituents, but it significantly decrease (p<0.05) the labeling of blood constituents by in vitro methods. These effects could be due to chelation of stannous and /or pertechnetate ions and blockage of the Tc-99m bindings sites.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência (in vivo e in vitro) de um extrato de Uncaria tomentosa (unha de gato) na marcação de hemácias e proteínas plasmáticas e celulares com tecnécio-99m (Tc-99m). Para o estudo in vivo, animais foram tratados com um extrato de unha de gato. Para o estudo in vitro, sangue heparinizado foi incubado com o extrato de unha de gato antes da adição de cloreto estanoso (SnCl2) e Tc-99m. Amostras de plasma e células foram separadas e também precipitadas com ácido tricloracético. As frações solúveis e insolúveis foram isoladas. A análise dos resultados do estudo in vivo, indica que não houve alteração significante na captação de Tc-99m pelos constituintes sanguíneos, entretanto, no tratamento in vitro, ocorreu redução significante da marcação de constituintes sanguíneos. Esses efeitos poderiam ser justificados por quelação dos íons estanoso e pertecnetato e bloqueio dos sítios de ligação do Tc-99m.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the extracts of Nectandra membranacea (N. membranacea), Ginkgo biloba (EGb) and Passiflora (PEF) on the morphology of red blood cells (RBC), on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcO4Na), on the morphology of duodenum and on the labeling of blood constituents (BC, IF-P, IF-BC) with technetium-99m (Tc-99m). Morphometry studies also were performed. The results show that EGb promotes alteration of the labeling of BC, IF-P and IF-BC (p<0.05). The N. membranacea extract does not promote significant alteration of the radiolabeling, and PEF extract alters the IF-P labeling. N. membranacea, EGb and PEF extracts were able to alter the RBC morphology (P<0.05). N. membranacea extract and EGb modifies the biodistribution of the 99mTcO4Na, and EGb influences the morphometry of duodenum isolated from rats (P<0.05).
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um extrato de Nectandra (N. membranacea), de Ginkgo (EGb) e de Passiflora e. flavicarpa (PEF) na marcação de constituintes sanguíneos (BC, IF-P, IF-BC) com Tc-99m, na morfologia de hemácias (RBC), na biodistribuição do 99mTcO4Na na morfologia do duodeno. Amostras de sangue foram incubadas com os extratos. Tc-99m foi adicionado e as frações do plasma (IF-P) e da célula (IF-BC) foram isoladas. Estudos morfométricos foram realizados. Os resultados mostram que EGb promove alteração na marcação de BC, IF-P e IF-BC. N. membranacea não altera a radiomarcação e PEF altera a marcação de IF-P. O extrato de N. membranacea, EGb e PEF alteraram a morfologia de RBC (p<0.05). Os extratos de N. membranacea e EGb modificam a biodistribuição do 99mTcO4Na, e o EGb influencia a morfometria (p<0.05) do duodeno de ratos.
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Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has been used to treat memory and concentration deficits, acts as platelet activatingfactor antagonism and prevents against damages caused by free radicals. EGb is a standardized extract that contains 24% flavonoids and 6% terpenoids. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible influence of an EGb on the ultrastructure of some organs isolated from rats and on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcO4Na). The animals were treated with EGb and after six days, received 99mTcO4Na. The organs were isolated and fixed for ultrastructural analysis. The results showed that EGb has modified the ultrastructure of kidney, liver and duodenum and altered the biodistribution of 99mTcO4Na (P<0.05). It is speculated that the substances present in the EGb could act directly or generate metabolites capable to promote changes on the biodistribution of 99mTcO4Na and on the morphology of organs at ultrastructural level.
O extrato de Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb) tem sido usado para tratar dificuldades de concentração,memória, age como antagonista do fator de ativação de plaquetas e previne contra danos causados por radicais livres. EGb é um extrato padronizado com 24% de flavonóides e 6% de lactonas terpênicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um EGb na ultraestrutura de alguns órgãos isolados de ratos e na biodistribuição do radiofármaco pertecnetato de sódio (99mTcO4Na). Os animais foram tratados com EGb e após 6 dias receberam 99mTcO4Na. Os órgãos foram isolados e a radioatividadedeterminada. Os tecidos foram fixados para microscopia eletrônica. Os resultados mostraram que EGb alterou a ultraestrutura do rim, figado e duodeno e modificou a biodistribuição do99mTcO4Na. Sugerimos que substâncias presentes no EGb poderiam agir diretamente ou gerar metabólitos capazes de promover alterações nabiodistribuição e na morfologia de órgãos em nível ultraestrutural.
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The radiobiocomplexes labeled with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) have been widely used in nuclear medicine in single photon emission computed tomography and in basic research. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a Nectandra membranacea extract on the bioavailability of the sodium pertechnetate (Na(99m)TcO(4)) radiobiocomplex in rat organs. The animals were treated with a N. membranacea extract (30 mg/ ml), for 6 days. Na(99m)TcO(4) was injected, the organs were isolated and weighed, and the radioactivity was determined in each organ (%ATI/organ). The %ATI/organ was divided by the mass of each organ to calculate the %ATI/g. A significant increase of the %ATI/organ of Na(99m)TcO(4) was observed in muscle and thyroid as well as in the %ATI/g in the heart, kidney and thyroid. These findings could result from the interaction between components of the plant extract and the radiobiocomplex which may influence the uptake Na(99m)TcO(4) in rat organs. Therefore, precaution is suggested in the interpretation of nuclear medicine results in patients using this herb.
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Lauraceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Distribución Tisular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (maracuja) is a fruit consumed in Brazil and worldwide. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used in nuclear medicine. The effect of P. flavicarpa extract on the radiolabeling of blood constituents and on red blood cells morphology was evaluated. Blood samples from Wistar rats was incubated with P. flavicarpa extract. After that, the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc was carried out. Samples of plasma and blood cells were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid to isolate the soluble and insoluble fractions of plasma and blood cells. The radioactivity in each fractions was counted and the percentage of radioactivity was determined. Blood smears were also prepared to morphological evaluation and perimeter/area ratio determination. P. flavicarpa extract altered (p<0.05) the fixation of 99mTc on plasma proteins and the perimeter/area ratio of red blood cells. Substances present in P. flavicarpa extract could affect the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc acting in specific targets as membrane of red blood cells.
Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (maracujá) é um fruto consumido no Brasil e no mundo. O efeito de um extrato de farinha da casca de maracujá na marcação dos constituintes sangüíneos com tecnécio-99m e na morfologia de hemácias foi avaliado. Amostras de sangue de ratos Wistar, foram incubadas com extrato de P. flavicarpa. Em seguida, o procedimento de marcação de constituintes sangüíneos com Tc-99m foi realizado. Amostras de plasma e células sangüíneas foram separadas e alíquotas destas frações foram precipitadas com ácido tricloroacético para isolamento das frações solúvel e insolúvel do plasma e das células sangüíneas. A radiatividade em cada fração foi contada a porcentagem de radioatividade ( por centoATI) foi calculada. Distensões sangüíneas foram também preparadas para avaliação morfológica e da relação perímetro/área de hemácias. O extrato de P. flavicarpa alterou a fixação do 99mTc nas proteínas plasmáticas e a relação perímetro/área das hemácias. Substâncias presentes no extrato de P. flavicarpa poderiam afetar a marcação de constituintes sangüíneos com 99mTc atuando em alvos específicos, como a membrana das hemácias.
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Arctium lappa (burdock) has been used to treat inflammatory processes. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have been utilized in nuclear medicine. It was evaluated the influence of a burdock extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphometry of red blood cells. Blood samples from Wistar rats were incubated with burdock extract and the radiolabeling procedure was carried out. Plasma and blood cells, soluble and insoluble fractions of plasma and blood cells were separated. The radioactivity in each fraction was counted and the percentages of radioactivity ( percentATI) were determined. Morphology and morphometric (perimeter/area ratio) measurements of red blood cells (RBC) were performed. The incubation with burdock extract significantly (p<0.05) altered the percentATI on the blood compartments and the perimeter/area ratio of RBC, as well as, induced modifications on the shape of RBC. Alterations on membrane could justify the decrease of labeling of blood cells with 99mTc obtained in this study.
Arctium lappa (bardana) tem sido utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de processos inflamatórios. Constituintes sangüíneos marcados com tecnécio-99m (99mTc) são utilizados na medicina nuclear para obtenção de imagens. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a influência de um extrato de bardana na marcação de constituintes sangüíneos com 99mTc e na morfologia de hemácias. Amostras de sangue de ratos Wistar foram incubadas com extrato de bardana e o processo de radiomarcação de constituintes sangüíneos foi realizado. Plasma e células sangüíneas, frações solúvel e insolúvel do plasma e das células sangüíneas foram separadas, a radioatividade em cada fração foi contada e as porcentagens de radioatividade ( por centoATI) foram determinadas. A morfologia e a relação perímetro/área das hemácias foram avaliadas. A incubação de sangue com o extrato de bardana alterou significativamente (p<0.05) a por centoATI a distribuição de radioatividade nos compartimentos plasmático e celular. A relação perímetro/área de hemácias, bem como a forma das hemácias também sofreram alterações Modificações na membrana poderiam justificar a diminuição da marcação das células sangüíneas com 99mTc obtidas neste estudo.
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The radiobiocomplexes labeled with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) have been widely used in nuclear medicine in single photon emission computed tomography and in basic research. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a Nectandra membran cea extract on the bioavailability of the sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTc0(4)) radiobiocomplex in rat organs. The animals were treated with a N. membran cea extract (30 mg/ ml), for 6 days. Na99mTc0(4) was injected, the organs were isolated and weighed, and the radioactivity was determined in each organ ( percentATI/organ). The percentATI/organ was divided by the mass of each organ to calculate the percentATI/g. A significant increase of the percentATI/organ of Na99mTc0(4) was observed in muscle and thyroid as well as in the percentATI/g in the heart, kidney and thyroid. These findings could result from the interaction between components of the plant extract and the radiobiocomplex which may influence the uptake Na99mTc0(4) in rat organs. Therefore, precaution is suggested in the interpretation of nuclear medicine results in patients using this herb.
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Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Lauraceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , /farmacocinética , Ratas Wistar , Distribución Tisular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Este estudio se realizó para determinar la incidencia de portación de levaduras en manos del personal del servicio hospitalario, pacientes y familiares al cuidado de los mismos ya que a nivel mundial se registra un aumento continuo de las infecciones fúngicas hospitalarias. La transmisión de levaduras desde el ambiente a los pacientes habitualmente comienza en las manos del personal de salud que integra la comunidad hospitalaria. Los pacientes fueron agrupados según su patología y las especies encontradas se relacionaron con factores de riesgo tales como: tiempo de internación, administración de antibióticos y/o quimioterapia. La especie aislada de manos de las personas a cargo del cuidado del paciente fue relacionada con la especie aislada del niño. La prevalencia de las especies encontradas fue similar a la de otros países de Latinoamérica, con una alta frecuencia de especies de Candida no albicans. Se encontró una marcada colonización tanto en pacientes oncológicos, como en internados durante períodos prolongados y en los tratados con antibióticos de amplio espectro. Se pudo establecer una fuerte correlación de las cepas halladas en el niño con las de la madre ya que presentaron el mismo patrón de sensibilidad a los antifúngicos. En el personal sanitario la colonización fue escasa. Esto indicaría que el lavado de manos y el uso de antisépticos son normativas que se cumplen correctamente, sin embargo, es necesario concientizar a las madres sobre la importancia de estas medidas ya que ellas están en contacto directo con el paciente pediátrico.
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Hongos , Infección Hospitalaria , Reservorios de Enfermedades , BecasRESUMEN
The effect of acupuncture stimulation at Zusanli point (ST.36) on the bioavailability of radio-pharmaceutical 99mTc-sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in Wistar rats was investigated. Ten healthy rats were allocated into two groups of five. Group 1 (n=5) was treated by acupuncture by inserting stainless steel needles bilaterally at ST.36; Group 2 was the untreated control. Ocular plexus administration of 0.3ml of Na99mTcO4 (3.7MBq) was carried out 10 minutes after every needle insertion. The rats were killed 25 minutes later. The organs were isolated, the radioactivity determined in a well gamma counter, and the percentage of injected radio-pharmaceutical dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was assessed for each organ. The %ID/g varied significantly (p<0.05) between Group 1 and Group 2 in pancreas (0.91 +/- 0.17 vs 0.15 +/- 0.03), stomach (7.97 +/- 0.68 vs 3.51 +/- 0.22), spleen (0.97 +/- 0.11 vs 0.41 +/- 0.14), brain (0.19 +/- 0.09 vs 0.09 +/- 0.04), kidneys (0.91 +/- 0.17 vs 0.15 +/- 0.03), heart (0.81 +/- 0.17 vs 0.31 +/- 0.02) and testis (0.46 +/- 0.04 vs 0.14 +/- 0.03). These findings suggest that the effect of acupuncture at ST.36 modulated organs and tissues responses in rats. Using Chinese theories of Zang-Fu and Five Phases, we suggest that the relationship between acupoints and organs may be related to neuromodulation mechanisms such as somatovisceral reflex responses, which play an important role in the autonomic nervous system. These results also suggest that the effect of acupuncture on the bio-availability of radio-pharmaceuticals may help our understanding of the action of acupuncture points on various organs and tissues.
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Puntos de Acupuntura , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Many compounds affect the bioavailability of radiobiocomplexes as radiopharmaceuticals. Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb) has several effects. The influence of an EGb on the bioavailability of the radiobiocomplex sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) and on the morphometry of the organs was evaluated. Rats were treated with EGb and Na99mTcO4 was injected. The animals were sacrificed; the radioactivity in the organs was counted. The results showed that EGb altered the Na99mTcO4 bioavailability in the kidneys, liver and duodenum. Morphometric analysis of the organs showed significant alterations (P<0.05), probably caused by metabolites generated by EGb and capable of altering the bioavailability of the Na99mTcO4.
Substâncias podem interferir na biodisponibilidade de radiobiocomplexos, como os radiofármacos. O extrato de Ginkgo Biloba (EGb) apresenta efeitos. Avaliou-se a influência de um EGb na biodisponibilidade do pertecnetato de sódio (99mTcO-4Na) e na morfometria de órgãos de ratos que foram tratados com EGb. 99mTcO-4Na foi injetado, os animais sacrificados e a radioatividade nos órgãos contada. Os resultados mostraram que o EGb alterou a biodisponibilidade do 99mTcO-4Na em rins, fígado e duodeno e alterações morfométricas significativas (p<0.05) foram encontradas. Sugere-se que o EGb poderia gerar metabólitos capazes de alterar morfometricamente os órgãos citados e alterar a biodisponibilidade do 99mTcO-4Na.
RESUMEN
Phytic acid occurs in foods derived from plants. We have investigated the possibility that phytic acid and stannous fluoride are capable of altering the physiological properties (osmotic fragility) and morphological properties of red blood cells (RBC). Osmotic fragility was unchanged by the presence of phytic acid and stannous fluoride in the studied concentrations, but RBC morphology was modified in the presence of the studied substances. In conclusion, the alterations to RBC morphology were not sufficient to promote modifications in osmotic fragility. Our results suggest that the chelating properties of phytic acid could be responsible for the observed effects.
Asunto(s)
Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/ultraestructura , Ácido Fítico/farmacología , Fluoruros de Estaño/farmacología , Animales , Técnicas In Vitro , Fragilidad Osmótica , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
O extrato de Ginkgo biloba (EGb) é um produto natural que compõe um dos principais recursos terapêuticos da fitoterapia e medicina popular, entretanto muitos mecanismos de ação do EGb não estão bem estabelecidos...Alterações morfológicas no rim, fígado e duodeno poderiam ser explicados pela provável metabolização do extrato formando compostos ativos capazes (nas condições experimentais estabelecidas) de promover danos no nível ultraestrutural.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Eritrocitos , Ginkgo biloba , Modelos Animales , Radiofármacos , Tecnecio , Medicina NuclearRESUMEN
Sechium edule (chayotte) is used as food or as medication in popular medicine. The labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m (99mTc) has been altered by drugs (synthetic and natural). Some authors have reported biological effects concerning the chayotte. We have evaluated the influence of chayotte extracts (macerated and infusion) on the labeling of blood elements with 99mTc. In vitro study, blood was incubated with the extracts, (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% v/v). In in vivo study, the animals were treated with the extracts (100% v/v), as drinking water (15 and 60 days) and samples of blood were withdrawn. The blood samples were incubated with stannous chloride and with 99mTc. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) separated. There was a (p < 0.05) decrease in the radioactivity in BC, IF-BC and IF-P with the infusion (100%) and a slight decrease in the uptake of 99mTc by BC and a strong decrease in the fixation in IF-P with the macerated when the extracts were administrated in vivo (15 days). In 60 days, there was a decrease in BC (98.77 to 53.53%), in IF-BC (90.36 to 21.20%) and in IF-P (77.20 to 11.01%). In vitro study no alterations on the labeling of blood elements were found, however, we have found alterations on the fixation of 99mTc in the in vivo study, probably, due to the metabolization of chayotte capable to induce the generation of active metabolites.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Cucurbitaceae/química , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tecnecio/sangre , Animales , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Ginkgo biloba is the phytoterapic most used in popular medicine in the treatment of cerebral senescence. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is used for several evaluations in nuclear medicine. This labeling depends on a reducing agent, usually the stannous ion. Any drug, which alters the labeling of the tracer, could be expected to modify the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. We have evaluated the influence of the Ginkgo biloba extract on the labeling of RBC and plasma proteins with Tc-99m. Blood was withdrawn and incubated with Ginkgo biloba extract (0; 0.004; 0.04; 0.4; 4; 20 and 40 mg/ml). Stannous chloride (1.2 ml/ml) was added and, then, Tc-99m was added. Plasma (P) and blood cells (RBC) were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) separated. The analysis of the results shows that there is a decrease in the radioactivity (from 97.7 ± 0.7 to 49.5 ± 3.9 percent) in RBC with the drug (4 mg/ml). In the labeling process of RBC with Tc-99m, the stannous and pertechnetate ions pass though the membrane, so, we suggest that the Ginkgo biloba effect can be explained by (i) an inhibition of the transport of these ions, (ii) damage in membrane, (iii) competition with the cited ions for the same binding sites, or (iv) possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion.