RESUMEN
Infant milk formulas are not sterile products, and pathogenic bacteria can survive and multiply in these products. This study was performed, initially, to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in reconstituted infant milk formula and on utensils previously sanitized used in their preparation or distribution in a nursery of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. None of the samples tested carried Salmonellaspp. However, further identification of colonies growing on the selective media revealed the presence of several other gram-negative bacteria. Seventeen isolates were identified as belonging to Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. Fourteen isolates presented a multidrug-resistance profile, by disc diffusion assays, and one of them--JE4--was also resistant to imipenem. The detection of Acinetobacter isolates in this work demonstrates inadequate hygiene practices in the preparation or distribution of infant milk formula.
Asunto(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/aislamiento & purificación , Utensilios de Comida y Culinaria , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Fórmulas Infantiles/microbiología , Casas Cuna , Acinetobacter baumannii/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactante , Salmonella/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
To determine the incidence of tinea capitis in São Paulo, Brazil, an investigation was performed in Private and Public Pediatrics Service involving 4,500 children from 0 to 15 years old during 5 years (1996-2000). Samples were taken from 132 children with suspected fungal infection of the scalp, for direct microscopy and culture. Tinea of scalp was mycologically confirmed in 112 patients (85%). Males were more affected than females in all age groups. Children below 8 years old accounted for more than 75% of the occurrences. Only three cases of tinea capitis were diagnosed in children from 12 to 15 years of age. Tinea capitis was prevalent in 103 cases (91.96%); inflammatory kerion type lesions were diagnosed in 9 patients (8.04%). Microsporum canis (70.5%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (23.2%) were the most common agents followed by T. mentagrophytes (3.6%), M. gypseum (1.8%) and T. rubrum (0.9%).
Asunto(s)
Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo/epidemiología , Adolescente , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Microsporum/aislamiento & purificación , Trichophyton/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
This study characterizes cesarean rates among women giving birth in São José do Rio Preto in 1992. Household interviews were conducted with 553 women selected through records on live births. Estimated incidence of cesarean sections was 80.5%, highlighting the procedure's widespread use in the study sample. Confirming a prior hypothesis, cesarean rates increased with parity and were statistically associated with age and tubal ligation. As for socioeconomic status, cesarean rates increased according to income and were higher among women using private health care (with or without health insurance). Interviews with professors in the local medical school and a related survey of the local media showed an increase in the valorization of cesareans. Confirming this trend, women interviewed in the survey expressed their own active valorization of this procedure.
Asunto(s)
Cesárea/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Medios de Comunicación , Cultura , Educación Médica , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Embarazo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
In G0/G1 cell cycle arrested mouse Y1 adrenocortical tumor cells ACTH39, a weak mitogen and strong anti-mitogenic agent, blocks FGF2 mitogenic activity at G1 phase, keeping untouched ERK-MAPK activation and c-Fos protein induction. Here we report two anti-mitogenic mechanisms initiated in ACTH receptors and mediated by cAMP/PKA: a) post-transcriptional down regulation of c-Myc protein; b) dephosphorylation of AKT/PKB. In Y-1 cells the activity of the Mad/Max/Myc network of transcription factors seems to be regulated by c-Myc levels. FGF2 induces c-myc gene and stabilizes c-Myc protein by a process dependent on ERK-MAPK (PD98059 sensitive), but not on PI3K (Wortmannin resistant). ACTH39, on the other hand, causes rapid decrease in c-Myc levels induced by FGF2 in wild type Y1 cells, but not in PKA-deficient Y1 clones. The ACTH inhibition of DNA synthesis stimulated by FGF2 is reversed by transient transfection and induction of the MycER chimera (fusion of c-Myc and estrogen-receptor), suggesting that c-Myc down regulation is an efficient anti-mitogenic mechanism activated by ACTH. Y1 cells display high constitutive levels of AKT/PKB, that is dependent on elevated Ras x GTP. FGF2 up regulates Ras x GTP, PI3K and AKT/PKB. ACTH antagonizes this mitogenic effect of FGF2, promoting rapid dephosphorylation of AKT/PKB.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Suprarrenal/patología , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/farmacología , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/farmacología , Fase G1/fisiología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Fase de Descanso del Ciclo Celular/fisiología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Suprarrenal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Regulación hacia Abajo , Ratones , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
This study evaluates the results of an educational campaign developed in an outlying neighborhood of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, and the relationship between the population's knowledge and habits. Prior to and after the educational activities, samples were taken to measure level of knowledge concerning dengue and its vectors, breeding sites, and control measures. Potential breeding sites were also counted. Knowledge of the disease and its vectors and breeding sites increased, but the same was not true for control measures focusing on water recipients serving as potential breeding sites. There was no change in the number of breeding sites between the first and second stages of the research. Thus, despite increased knowledge, the local population's habits did not changes. These findings are worrisome, since the main goal of the educational campaign, i.e., the change of habits concerning breeding sites for dengue vectors, has not been achieved.
Asunto(s)
Participación de la Comunidad , Dengue/prevención & control , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Población Suburbana , Brasil , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Participación de la Comunidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Dengue/transmisión , Reservorios de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Población Suburbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The authors report a case of a male patient from Bacabal, MA with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), for at least nine years, with 168 lesions on his body. These were tumour-like nodules with some ulceration. He used pentavalent antimonial (glucantime) and an association of gamma interferon plus glucantime with improvement of the lesions but relapsed later. Recently, pentamidine isethionate (pentacarinat) was given a dosage of 4mg/kg/weight/day on alternate days for 20 applications. After 3 months a similar course of 10 application was given 2 times. Later he developed diabetic signs with weight loss of 10kg, polydypsia, polyuria and xerostomia. The lower limbs lesions showed signs of activity. Blood glucose levels normalised and remain like this at moment. Attention is drawn to the fact that pentamidine isethionate should be used as a therapy option with care, obeying rigorous laboratory controls including a glucose tolerance test.
Asunto(s)
Antiprotozoarios/efectos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus/inducido químicamente , Leishmaniasis Cutánea Difusa/tratamiento farmacológico , Pentamidina/efectos adversos , Adulto , Antiprotozoarios/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Leishmaniasis Cutánea Difusa/complicaciones , Masculino , Pentamidina/administración & dosificación , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We report the in vitro inhibitory effect of very low concentrations of aluminum salts (IC50 = 4.1 x 10(-12 M) on bovine brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The enzymatic assays were performed using acetylcholine bromide in a buffered pH 7.4 solution at 37 degrees C. The relevant enzyme interacting species is the Al3+ ion, whose concentrations were fixed at pM levels by a citrate metal ion buffer system. The IC50 demonstrates that Al3+ is a potent inhibitor of AChE.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Aluminio/farmacología , Encéfalo/enzimología , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Aluminio/sangre , Aluminio/toxicidad , Animales , Bovinos , Citratos/farmacología , Ácido Cítrico , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
We report the in vitro inhibitory effect of very low concentrations of aluminum salts (IC50 = 4.1 x 10-12M) on bovine brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The enzymatic assays were performed using acetylcholine bromide in a buffered pH 7.4 solution at 37§C. The relevant enzyme interacting species is the Al3+ ion, whose concentrations were fixed at pM levels by a citrate metal ion buffer system. The IC50 demonstrates that Al3+ is a potent inhibitor of AChE
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Aluminio/farmacología , Cerebro/enzimología , Técnicas In Vitro , Aluminio/sangre , Aluminio/toxicidad , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Citratos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Padronizaram-se as condicoes cromatograficas (C.C.D.) para caracterizacao da droga e do extrato fluido de Pothomorphe umbellata (L) MIq utilizando como fase movel benzeno ou as misturas de n-hexano e acetato de etila, etanol e acetato de etila.A visualizacao das manchas foi feita com luz UV 366 nm, antes da revelacao e, com luz natural apos revelacao com anisaldeido sulfurico ou cloreto ferrico a 4%. O nerolidilcatecol foi encontrado somente nas raizes. As asaronas nao foram detectadas nem nos extratos fluidos nem nos oleos esseciais da especie