RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and common mental disorders (CMD) among "invisible" health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study including a probabilistic sample of 1,014 health workers from three municipalities in Bahia. CMDs were assessed using the SRQ-20. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Demand-Control Model assessed occupational stressors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis to evaluate the association between the variables of interest. RESULTS: The global prevalence of CMD was 39.9%; it was higher among CHA/EDCA (47.2%), followed by management and surveillance staff (38.6%), technicians (35.4%), and support/maintenance/cleaning staff (29.9%). The association between occupational stressors and CMD varied among occupations: 1. Excessive work commitment (EWC), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and psychological demand were associated with CMD among support/maintenance/cleaning workers; 2. EWC and ERI were associated with CMD among CHA/EDCA; 3. EWC, ERI, and low control over work were associated with CMD among technicians; 4. Among management and surveillance workers, only ERI remained associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational stressors played a relevant role in mental illness, with variation between occupational strata, demanding attention, monitoring, and control.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Personal de Salud , Trastornos Mentales , Estrés Laboral , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Estrés Laboral/epidemiología , Estrés Laboral/psicología , Prevalencia , Brasil/epidemiología , Personal de Salud/psicología , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/psicología

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and common mental disorders (CMD) among "invisible" health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study including a probabilistic sample of 1,014 health workers from three municipalities in Bahia. CMDs were assessed using the SRQ-20. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Demand-Control Model assessed occupational stressors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis to evaluate the association between the variables of interest. Results: The global prevalence of CMD was 39.9%; it was higher among CHA/EDCA (47.2%), followed by management and surveillance staff (38.6%), technicians (35.4%), and support/maintenance/cleaning staff (29.9%). The association between occupational stressors and CMD varied among occupations: 1. Excessive work commitment (EWC), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and psychological demand were associated with CMD among support/maintenance/cleaning workers; 2. EWC and ERI were associated with CMD among CHA/EDCA; 3. EWC, ERI, and low control over work were associated with CMD among technicians; 4. Among management and surveillance workers, only ERI remained associated with CMD. Conclusions: Occupational stressors played a relevant role in mental illness, with variation between occupational strata, demanding attention, monitoring, and control.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar associação entre estressores ocupacionais e transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras "invisíbilizados" da saúde, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1.014 trabalhadores(as) da saúde de três municípios baianos. Os TMC foram avaliados pelo SRQ-20. A escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (DER) e o Modelo Demanda-Controle avaliaram os estressores ocupacionais. Análise descritiva, bivariada e múltipla avaliaram associação entre as variáveis de interesse. Resultados: A prevalência global de TMC foi de 39,9%, sendo mais elevada entre os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/Agente de Combate às Endemias — ACS/ACE (47,2%), seguidos pelo pessoal da gestão e vigilância (38,6%), técnicos (35,4%) e pessoal de apoio/conservação/limpeza (29,9%). A associação entre estressores ocupacionais e TMC variou entre as ocupações: 1. Comprometimento excessivo com o trabalho (CET), DER e demandas psicológicas associaram-se aos TMC entre trabalhadores de apoio/conservação/limpeza; 2. CET e DER estavam associadas aos TMC entre ACS/ACE; 3. CET, DER e baixo controle sobre o trabalho associaram-se aos TMC entre os técnicos; 4. Entre trabalhadores de gestão e vigilância, apenas o DER estava associado aos TMC. Conclusões: Estressores ocupacionais tiveram papel relevante no adoecimento mental, com variação entre os estratos de ocupação, demandando atenção, acompanhamento e controle.