RESUMEN
Background: The impact of schistosomiasis, which affects over 230 million people, emphasizes the urgency of developing new antischistosomal drugs. Artificial intelligence is vital in accelerating the drug discovery process. Methodology & results: We developed classification and regression machine learning models to predict the schistosomicidal activity of compounds not experimentally tested. The prioritized compounds were tested on schistosomula and adult stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Four compounds demonstrated significant activity against schistosomula, with 50% effective concentration values ranging from 9.8 to 32.5 µM, while exhibiting no toxicity in animal and human cell lines. Conclusion: These findings represent a significant step forward in the discovery of antischistosomal drugs. Further optimization of these active compounds can pave the way for their progression into preclinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Esquistosomiasis , Esquistosomicidas , Animales , Humanos , Schistosoma mansoni , Inteligencia Artificial , Esquistosomicidas/farmacología , Esquistosomiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Descubrimiento de DrogasRESUMEN
Aim: To formulate a carvacryl acetate nanoemulsion (CANE) and test its antischistosomal activity. Materials & methods: CANE was prepared and tested in vitro on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and both human and animal cell lines. Next, CANE was administered orally to mice infected with either a prepatent infection or a patent infection of S. mansoni. Results: CANE was stable during 90 days of analysis. CANE showed in vitro anthelmintic activity, and no cytotoxic effects were observed. In vivo, CANE was more effective than the free compounds in reducing worm burden and egg production. Treatment with CANE was more effective for prepatent infections than praziquantel. Conclusion: CANE improves antiparasitic properties and may be a promising delivery system for schistosomiasis treatment.
Asunto(s)
Praziquantel , Schistosoma mansoni , Ratones , Humanos , Animales , Monoterpenos , AntiparasitariosRESUMEN
The intravascular parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni is a causative agent of schistosomiasis, a disease of great global public health significance. Praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis and there is an urgent demand for new anthelmintic agents. Adopting a phenotypic drug screening strategy, here, we evaluated the antiparasitic properties of 46 commercially available cardiovascular drugs against S. mansoni. From these screenings, we found that amiodarone, telmisartan, propafenone, methyldopa, and doxazosin affected the viability of schistosomes in vitro, with effective concentrations of 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) values ranging from 8 to 50 µM. These results were further supported by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Subsequently, the most effective drug (amiodarone) was further tested in a murine model of schistosomiasis for both early and chronic S. mansoni infections using a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg daily for five consecutive days. Amiodarone had a low efficacy in chronic infection, with the worm and egg burden reduction ranging from 10 to 30%. In contrast, amiodarone caused a significant reduction in worm and egg burden in early infection (>50%). Comparatively, treatment with amiodarone is more effective in early infection than praziquantel, demonstrating the potential role of this cardiovascular drug as an antischistosomal agent.
RESUMEN
Aim: To isolate licochalcone A (LicoA) from licorice, prepare LicoA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (L-SLNs) and evaluate the L-SLNs in vitro and in vivo against Schistosoma mansoni. Materials & methods: LicoA was obtained by chromatographic fractionation and encapsulated in SLNs by a modified high shear homogenization method. Results: L-SLNs showed high encapsulation efficiency, with satisfactory particle size, polydispersity index and Zeta potential. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that L-SLNs were rounded and homogenously distributed. Toxicity studies revealed that SLNs decreased the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of LicoA. Treatment with L-SLNs showed in vivo efficacy against S. mansoni. Conclusion: L-SLNs are efficient in reducing worm burden and SLNs may be a promising delivery system for LicoA to treat S. mansoni infections.
Asunto(s)
Chalconas , Nanopartículas , Portadores de Fármacos , Lípidos , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
Background: Praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, and there is an urgent demand for new anthelmintic agents. Methodology & results: We conducted in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies and report a target fishing investigation. In vitro, tamoxifen was active against adult and immature worms at low concentrations (<5 µM). Tamoxifen at a single dose (400 mg/kg) or once daily for five consecutive days (100 mg/kg/day) in mice harboring either adult (patent infection) or juvenile (prepatent infection) significantly reduced worm burden (30-70%) and egg production (70-90%). Target fishing studies revealed propionyl-CoA carboxylase as a potential target for tamoxifen in Schistosoma mansoni and glucose uptake by S. mansoni was also significantly reduced. Conclusion: Our results provide news evidence of antiparasitic effect of tamoxifen and reveal propionyl-CoA carboxylase as a potential target.
Asunto(s)
Schistosoma mansoni/efectos de los fármacos , Esquistosomiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquistosomicidas/farmacología , Tamoxifeno/farmacología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Ratones , Esquistosomicidas/química , Tamoxifeno/químicaRESUMEN
Neste estudo, Licochalcone A (LicoA) foi investigado em ensaios in vitro e in vivo . A sobrevivência dos vermes em cultura, o padrão de oviposição, a contagem de tubérculos íntegros e a integridade da pelagem foram adotados nos testes in vitro . Após a perfusão dos animais, o número de vermes recuperados, sua localização e o estudo do oograma foram os parâmetros analisados para sinalizar a existência de potencial atividade esquistossomicida in vivo . Observamos redução na sobrevivência, integridade do tegumento e reprodução de vermes adultos in vitro.. Os modelos murinos não mostraram diferença significativa nos parâmetros parasitológicos analisados que indicam atividade contra os vermes com uma dose oral única de 25 mg / kg de LicoA ou duas injeções intraperitoneais de 50 mg / kg de LicoA. No entanto, é muito cedo para excluir completamente a atividade esquistossomicida do LicoA, visto que a forma farmacêutica utilizada não poderia fornecer uma absorção regular do medicamento.
Asunto(s)
Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología , Schistosoma mansoni/patogenicidad , Técnicas In Vitro , OviposiciónRESUMEN
Neste estudo, Licochalcone A (LicoA) foi investigado em ensaios in vitro e in vivo . A sobrevivência dos vermes em cultura, o padrão de oviposição, a contagem de tubérculos íntegros e a integridade da pelagem foram adotados nos testes in vitro . Após a perfusão dos animais, o número de vermes recuperados, sua localização e o estudo do oograma foram os parâmetros analisados para sinalizar a existência de potencial atividade esquistossomicida in vivo . Observamos redução na sobrevivência, integridade do tegumento e reprodução de vermes adultos in vitro.. Os modelos murinos não mostraram diferença significativa nos parâmetros parasitológicos analisados que indicam atividade contra os vermes com uma dose oral única de 25 mg / kg de LicoA ou duas injeções intraperitoneais de 50 mg / kg de LicoA. No entanto, é muito cedo para excluir completamente a atividade esquistossomicida do LicoA, visto que a forma farmacêutica utilizada não poderia fornecer uma absorção regular do medicamento.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Schistosoma mansoni/patogenicidad , Técnicas In Vitro , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología , OviposiciónRESUMEN
Background:There is still a need for new alternatives in pharmacological therapy for neglected diseases, as the drugs available show high toxicity and parenteral administration. That is the case for the treatment of leishmaniasis, particularly to the cutaneous clinical form of the disease. In this study, we present the synthesis and biological screening of eight 4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amines assayed against Leishmania amazonensis. Herein we propose that these compounds are good starting points for the search of new antileishmanial drugs by demonstrating some of the structural aspects which could interfere with the observed activity, as well as suggesting potential macromolecular targets.Methods:The compounds were easily synthesized by the methodology of Hantzsch and Weber, had their purities determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry and assayed against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis as well as against two white cell lines (L929 and THP-1) and the monkey's kidney Vero cells. PrestoBlue® and MTT viability assays were the methodologies applied to measure the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities, respectively. A molecular modeling target fishing study was performed aiming to propose potential macromolecular targets which could explain the observed biological behavior.Results:Four out of the eight compounds tested exhibited important anti-promastigote activity associated with good selectivity indexes when considering Vero cells. For the most promising compound, compound 6, IC50 against promastigotes was 20.78 while SI was 5.69. Compounds 3 (IC50: 46.63 μM; SI: 26.11) and 4 (IC50: 53.12 μM; SI: 4.80) also presented important biological behavior. A target fishing study suggested that S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase is a potential target to these compounds, which could be explored to enhance activity and decrease the potential toxic side effects....(AU)
Asunto(s)
Leishmaniasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Leishmania , Aminas/uso terapéutico , Drogas en InvestigaciónRESUMEN
AIM: To develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system (SNEDDS) able to improve oral absorption of epiisopiloturine (EPI), and test the antischistosomal activity in a mice model. RESULTS: SNEDDS had a nanoscopic size and was able to enhance EPI bioavailability after oral administration, and SNEDDS-EPI (40 mg.kg-1) improved the in vivo antischistosomal activity of EPI, demonstrating that SNEDDS was able to improve the pharmacokinetics of EPI, and to maintain the pharmacodynamic activity against Schistosoma mansoni in vivo. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results indicate that SNEDDS-EPI is efficient in reducing worm burden in comparison to treatment with the free version of EPI. [Formula: see text].
Asunto(s)
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Imidazoles/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/tratamiento farmacológico , 4-Butirolactona/administración & dosificación , 4-Butirolactona/química , 4-Butirolactona/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Emulsiones/administración & dosificación , Emulsiones/química , Humanos , Imidazoles/química , Imidazoles/farmacocinética , Ratones , Nanopartículas/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Schistosoma mansoni/efectos de los fármacos , Schistosoma mansoni/patogenicidad , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología , SolubilidadRESUMEN
There is still a need for new alternatives in pharmacological therapy for neglected diseases, as the drugs available show high toxicity and parenteral administration. That is the case for the treatment of leishmaniasis, particularly to the cutaneous clinical form of the disease. In this study, we present the synthesis and biological screening of eight 4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amines assayed against Leishmania amazonensis. Herein we propose that these compounds are good starting points for the search of new antileishmanial drugs by demonstrating some of the structural aspects which could interfere with the observed activity, as well as suggesting potential macromolecular targets. Methods: The compounds were easily synthesized by the methodology of Hantzsch and Weber, had their purities determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry and assayed against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis as well as against two white cell lines (L929 and THP-1) and the monkey's kidney Vero cells. PrestoBlue® and MTT viability assays were the methodologies applied to measure the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities, respectively. A molecular modeling target fishing study was performed aiming to propose potential macromolecular targets which could explain the observed biological behavior. Results: Four out of the eight compounds tested exhibited important anti-promastigote activity associated with good selectivity indexes when considering Vero cells. For the most promising compound, compound 6, IC50 against promastigotes was 20.78 while SI was 5.69. Compounds 3 (IC50: 46.63 µM; SI: 26.11) and 4 (IC50: 53.12 µM; SI: 4.80) also presented important biological behavior. A target fishing study suggested that S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase is a potential target to these compounds, which could be explored to enhance activity and decrease the potential toxic side effects. Conclusions: This study shows that 4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amines could be good scaffolds to the development of new antileishmanial agents. The S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase could be one of the macromolecular targets involved in the action.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Tiazoles , Leishmaniasis , Aminas , Leishmania , Productos BiológicosRESUMEN
Blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma are the etiological agents of human schistosomiasis, an important neglected tropical disease that afflicts over 200 million people worldwide. The treatment for this disease relies heavily on a single drug, praziquantel. Recent reports of praziquantel resistance raise concerns about future control of the disease and show the importance of developing new antischistosomal drugs. Currently, natural products have been a good source for drug development. (+)-Limonene epoxide is a mixture of cis and trans isomers found in many plants. Here, we report the in vitro effect of this natural compound on the survival time of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. In addition, we examined alterations on the tegumental surface of adult schistosomes by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effects of (+)-limonene epoxide at 25 µg/mL on S. mansoni adult worms were similar to those of the positive control (praziquantel), with reduction in motility and death of all worms after 120 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that (+)-limonene epoxide-mediated worm killing was associated with tegumental destruction. Our results, along with the low toxicity of the (+)-limonene epoxide, suggest that this natural compound might be promising for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Ciclohexenos/farmacología , Compuestos Epoxi/farmacología , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Schistosoma mansoni/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos/farmacología , Animales , Cricetinae , Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos , Ciclohexenos/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Limoneno , Masculino , Microscopía Confocal , Monoterpenos/química , Praziquantel/farmacología , Schistosoma mansoni/fisiología , Esquistosomicidas/farmacología , Terpenos/químicaRESUMEN
The contaminated soil with mammal feces is an important factor of risk to infection with zoonotic diseases. Amongst these zoonoses are visceral larva migrans and cutaneous larva migrans caused by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp., respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs and hookworms (Ancylostoma spp.) in public parks and squares in the city of Guarulhos, a metropolitan area of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Soil samples were collected, between September and December 2010, and examined using the centrifugal flotation technique with sodium dichromate and zinc sulphate as well as the modified Baermann method. Notably, 35 (74.5%) of the 47 districts surveyed in Guarulhos possessed samples contaminated with Toxocara spp. and/or eggs or larvae of Ancylostoma spp. The frequency of Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. in the samples from public areas was 68.1% and 46.8%, respectively. Overall, the eastern side of Guarulhos is the region with the highest occurrence of causative agents of larva migrans. In all collection sites, the presence of feces from dogs and cats accompanied by their owners and stray animals were observed. Notably, it is important to adopt measures to control dog and cat breeding, to treat infected animals, and provide health education to the population.
A contaminação do solo com fezes de animais mamíferos representa importante fator de risco para a ocorrência de zoonoses, sobretudo a larva migrans visceral e a larva migrans cutânea, causadas por Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp., respectivamente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a contaminação ambiental por Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp. em amostras de solos coletadas de praças e parques públicos do município de Guarulhos, região metropolitana de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brasil). No período de setembro a dezembro de 2010 as amostras do solo foram coletadas e examinadas pela técnica de centrífugo-flutuação, com dicromato de sódio e sulfato de zinco, e pelo método de Baermann modificado. Dos 47 distritos analisados, 35 (74,5%) estavam contaminadas com ovos de Toxocara spp. e/ou ovos ou larvas de Ancylostoma spp., sendo que a frequencia de Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp. foi de 68,1% e 46,8%, respectivamente. No geral, a Zona Leste de Guarulhos foi a região com maior ocorrência desses parasitas com potencial zoonótico. Em todas as áreas públicas, dos 47 distritos, notou-se a presença de fezes de cães e gatos, assim como animais errantes ou acompanhados de seus proprietários. Faz-se necessário salientar a importância da adoção de medidas de controle reprodutivo de cães e gatos, o tratamento dos animais infectados, assim como medidas educativas para reduzir os riscos de crianças e adultos à exposição desses parasitas causadores de zoonoses.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Perros , Ancylostoma/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Instalaciones Públicas , Suelo/parasitología , Toxocara/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Recuento de Huevos de ParásitosRESUMEN
The contaminated soil with mammal feces is an important factor of risk to infection with zoonotic diseases. Amongst these zoonoses are visceral larva migrans and cutaneous larva migrans caused by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp., respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs and hookworms (Ancylostoma spp.) in public parks and squares in the city of Guarulhos, a metropolitan area of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Soil samples were collected, between September and December 2010, and examined using the centrifugal flotation technique with sodium dichromate and zinc sulphate as well as the modified Baermann method. Notably, 35 (74.5%) of the 47 districts surveyed in Guarulhos possessed samples contaminated with Toxocara spp. and/or eggs or larvae of Ancylostoma spp. The frequency of Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. in the samples from public areas was 68.1% and 46.8%, respectively. Overall, the eastern side of Guarulhos is the region with the highest occurrence of causative agents of larva migrans. In all collection sites, the presence of feces from dogs and cats accompanied by their owners and stray animals were observed. Notably, it is important to adopt measures to control dog and cat breeding, to treat infected animals, and provide health education to the population.
Asunto(s)
Ancylostoma/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Instalaciones Públicas , Suelo/parasitología , Toxocara/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Brasil , Gatos , Perros , Recuento de Huevos de ParásitosRESUMEN
This study aimed to carry out malacological samples of limnic mollusks present in a commercial fishing pond area on Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo/Brazil, between July 2006 to June 2007. Furthermore, parasitological studies were also performed on specimens found. A total of 19,863 limnic mollusks were collected, represented by six species: Biomphalaria straminea Dunker, 1848; Melanoides tuberculatus Müller, 1774; Lymnaea columella Say, 1817; Pomacea lineata Spix, 1827; Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828 and Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck, 1819, being this the first report of the occurrence of this species in fish and pay systems of Itapecerica da Serra. The parasitological examinations performed in 5,766 mollusks were negative, however, the greatest abundance of B. straminea, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, becomes a concern. Thus, the need for increasing the malacological surveillance in the region due to the diversity of hydric collections in the municipality that has precarious sanitation conditions, high migration flow and the presence of imported and autochthonous cases of schistosomiasis.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar levantamento da malacofauna límnica encontrada na área de um pesqueiro em Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo - Brasil, no período de julho de 2006 a junho de 2007. Como complementação, foram feitos estudos parasitológicos em parte dos moluscos amostrados. Foram coletados 19.863 moluscos límnicos, representados por seis espécies: Biomphalaria straminea Dunker, 1848; Melanoides tuberculatus Müller, 1774; Lymnaea columella Say, 1817; Pomacea lineata Spix, 1827; Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828 e Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck, 1819. Este pode ser considerado o primeiro relato da ocorrência dessas espécies em pesqueiros de Itapecerica da Serra. Os exames parasitológicos realizados em 5.766 moluscos foram negativos, no entanto, a presença de B. straminea, hospedeiro intermediário do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 é preocupante. Diante disso, é necessário intensificar a vigilância malacológica na região devido à diversidade de coleções hídricas do município, precárias condições de saneamento básico, alto fluxo migratório de pessoas e o relato de casos importados e autóctones de esquistossomose.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Enfermedades Transmisibles , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Helmintos , Moluscos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
This study aimed to carry out malacological samples of limnic mollusks present in a commercial fishing pond area on Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo/Brazil, between July 2006 to June 2007. Furthermore, parasitological studies were also performed on specimens found. A total of 19,863 limnic mollusks were collected, represented by six species: Biomphalaria straminea Dunker, 1848; Melanoides tuberculatus Müller, 1774; Lymnaea columella Say, 1817; Pomacea lineata Spix, 1827; Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828 and Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck, 1819, being this the first report of the occurrence of this species in fish and pay systems of Itapecerica da Serra. The parasitological examinations performed in 5,766 mollusks were negative, however, the greatest abundance of B. straminea, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, becomes a concern. Thus, the need for increasing the malacological surveillance in the region due to the diversity of hydric collections in the municipality that has precarious sanitation conditions, high migration flow and the presence of imported and autochthonous cases of schistosomiasis.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar levantamento da malacofauna límnica encontrada na área de um pesqueiro em Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo - Brasil, no período de julho de 2006 a junho de 2007. Como complementação, foram feitos estudos parasitológicos em parte dos moluscos amostrados. Foram coletados 19.863 moluscos límnicos, representados por seis espécies: Biomphalaria straminea Dunker, 1848; Melanoides tuberculatus Müller, 1774; Lymnaea columella Say, 1817; Pomacea lineata Spix, 1827; Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828 e Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck, 1819. Este pode ser considerado o primeiro relato da ocorrência dessas espécies em pesqueiros de Itapecerica da Serra. Os exames parasitológicos realizados em 5.766 moluscos foram negativos, no entanto, a presença de B. straminea, hospedeiro intermediário do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 é preocupante. Diante disso, é necessário intensificar a vigilância malacológica na região devido à diversidade de coleções hídricas do município, precárias condições de saneamento básico, alto fluxo migratório de pessoas e o relato de casos importados e autóctones de esquistossomose.
RESUMEN
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that remains a considerable public health problem worldwide. Since the mainstay of schistosomiasis control is chemotherapy with a single drug,praziquantel, drug resistance is a concern. Here, we examined the in vitro effects of dermaseptin 01(DS 01), an antimicrobial peptide found in the skin secretion of frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa, onSchistosoma mansoni adult worms. DS 01 at a concentration of 100 mg/ml reduced the worm motor activity and caused the death of all worms within 48 h in RPMI 1640 medium. At the highest sublethal concentration of antimicrobial peptide (75 mg/ml), a 100% reduction in egg output of paired female worms was observed. Additionally, DS 01 induced morphological alterations on the tegument of S. mansoni, and a quantitative analysis carried out by confocal microscopy revealed extensive destruction of the tubercles in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range of 50 200 mg/ml. It was the first time that an anthelmintic activity towards schistosomes has been reported for a dermaseptin.
Asunto(s)
Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/administración & dosificación , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/análisis , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosoma mansoni/parasitología , Genoma de los Helmintos , Microscopía Confocal/métodos , Integumento Común/anomalíasRESUMEN
As hortaliças constituem um importante veículo de transmissão de micro-organismos patogênicos. As bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae têm sido utilizadas rotineiramente como indicadoras de qualidade higiênico-sanitária de alimentos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a qualidade microbiológica de hortaliças cultivadas pelos processos convencional e hidropônico comercializadas em supermercados da região central do município de Guarulhos, área metropolitana de São Paulo. A análise microbiológica foi efetuada em amostras de alface crespa (Lactuca sativa), almeirão (Chicorium intybus), escarola (Chicorium sp) e rúcula (Eruca sativa), cujos parâmetros bacteriológicos examinados foram: contagem total de enterobactérias, contagem de coliformes totais e fecais, bem como a identificação dos micro-organismos. (...) Todas as hortaliças, de ambos os cultivos, apresentaram elevados índices de enterobactérias, coliformes fecais e totais. Considerando a resolução RDC 12/01 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), verifica-se que 100% dos alimentos estavam acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação, indicando condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias. Estes resultados salientam a importância da adoção de boas práticas de higiene durante o cultivo, transporte e armazenamento de produtos hortícolas para evitar a contaminação dos vegetais com micro-organismos patogênicos.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos , Manipulación de Alimentos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Verduras , Brasil , Coliformes , Comercio , EnterobacteriaceaeRESUMEN
As hortaliças constituem um importante veículo de transmissão de micro-organismos patogênicos. As bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae têm sido utilizadas rotineiramente como indicadoras de qualidade higiênico-sanitária de alimentos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a qualidade microbiológica de hortaliças cultivadas pelos processos convencional e hidropônico comercializadas em supermercados da região central do município de Guarulhos, área metropolitana de São Paulo. A análise microbiológica foi efetuada em amostras de alface crespa (Lactuca sativa), almeirão (Chicorium intybus), escarola (Chicorium sp) e rúcula (Eruca sativa), cujos parâmetros bacteriológicos examinados foram: contagem total de enterobactérias, contagem de coliformes totais e fecais, bem como a identificação dos micro-organismos. (...) Todas as hortaliças, de ambos os cultivos, apresentaram elevados índices de enterobactérias, coliformes fecais e totais. Considerando a resolução RDC 12/01 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), verifica-se que 100% dos alimentos estavam acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação, indicando condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias. Estes resultados salientam a importância da adoção de boas práticas de higiene durante o cultivo, transporte e armazenamento de produtos hortícolas para evitar a contaminação dos vegetais com micro-organismos patogênicos.(AU)
Vegetables may be vehicle for transmission of pathogenic microbes. Bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae have been routinely used as indicators of hygienic-sanitary conditions of foods. Here, we report the exam of the microbiological quality of vegetables cultivated by conventional and hydroponic systems and sold in supermarkets situated in central region the municipality of Guarulhos (metropolitan area of São Paulo, São Paulo State). The microbiological analysis was performed on samples of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), chicory (Chicorium intybus), escarole (Chicorium sp) and rocket (Eruca sativa). The bacteriological parameters examined were: total count of Enterobacteriaceae, total and fecal coliforms counts and the identification of microorganisms. ( ) In general, conventional systems cultivated vegetables had more microbial diversity than hydroponic ones. Considering the resolution RDC 12101 of the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), 100% of the analyzed vegetables were above the limit set by legislation current, indicating poor sanitary-hygienic conditions. These results raise the importance of adoption of good hygienic practices during cultivation, transport and storage of vegetables to avoid vegetables contamination with pathogenic microbes. (AU)