RESUMEN
Three different methods to assess haemoglobin A2 concentration (microchromatography and cellulose acetate electrophoresis with further elution of the bands or measured by densitometry) were compared among them. A statistical significant difference (P less than 0.05) was found between densitometry and the other two methods. Microchromatography and the elution method showed no statistical difference between them. The most important technical aspects of each method as well as some possible error factors were also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía DEAE-Celulosa/métodos , Electroforesis en Acetato de Celulosa/métodos , Electroforesis/métodos , Hemoglobina A2/análisis , Hemoglobina A/análisis , Preescolar , Densitometría , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
The behavioral effects of iron deficiency and its treatment were evaluated in a double-blind randomized controlled community-based study of 191 Costa Rican infants, 12 to 23 months of age, with various degrees of iron deficiency. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered before and both 1 week and 3 months after IM or oral administration of iron. Appropriate placebo-treated control infants were also tested. Infants with iron deficiency anemia showed significantly lower mental and motor test scores, even after considering factors relating to birth, nutrition, family background, parental IQ, and the home environment. After 1 week, neither IM nor oral iron treatments differed from placebo treatment in effects on scores. After 3 months, lower mental and motor test scores were no longer observed among iron-deficient anemic infants whose anemia and iron deficiency were both corrected (36%). However, significantly lower mental and motor test scores persisted among the majority of initially anemic infants (64%) who had more severe or chronic iron deficiency. Although no longer anemic, they still showed biochemical evidence of iron deficiency after 3 months of treatment. These persistent lower scores suggest either that iron therapy adequate for correcting anemia is insufficient to reverse behavioral and developmental disturbances in many infants or that certain ill effects are long-lasting, depending on the timing, severity, or chronicity of iron deficiency anemia in infancy.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hipocrómica/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/prevención & control , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/prevención & control , Compuestos Ferrosos/uso terapéutico , Anemia Hipocrómica/complicaciones , Anemia Hipocrómica/fisiopatología , Costa Rica , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Masculino , Destreza Motora/fisiología , Desempeño Psicomotor , Distribución AleatoriaAsunto(s)
Anemia Aplásica/terapia , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Anabolizantes/uso terapéutico , Anemia Aplásica/etiología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Transfusión Sanguínea , Niño , Preescolar , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Insecticidas/envenenamiento , Masculino , Compuestos OrganofosforadosRESUMEN
Se analizan 29 pacientes con anemia aplastica adquirida atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Ninos (Costa Rica) durante el periodo de 1968-1979. En el 38% de los casos no se logro establecer posibilidad etiologica. Las manifestaciones clinicas mas frecuentes fueron palidez y sangrado anormal y en ninguno se encontro esplenomegalia. El tratamiento fue a base de anabolicos y corticosteroides, resaltando la respuesta positiva a la metenolona intramuscular en cinco de siete pacientes que no habian respondido al anabolico oral.Fallecieron 12 pacientes (41.4%) y la supervivencia proyectada a cuatro anos fue de 39.2%
Asunto(s)
Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anemia AplásicaRESUMEN
Se analizan 222 casos de purpura trombocitopenica idiopatica (PTI) en ninos. La mayoria de ellos estuvo en edades comprendidas entre uno a seis anos. Las manifestaciones de sangrado fueron por lo regular de tipo leve o moderado, siendo poco frecuentes los sangrados severos y a nivel del sistema nervioso central. La evolucion aguda fue la mas frecuente, observada en 78% de los casos. De los 32 ninos que evolucionaron a la cronicidad, se esplenectomizaron 17; de estos, el 65% respondio favorablemente. El tratamiento con esteroides no parecio modificar la evolucion ni el pronostico de la PTI en estos ninos
Asunto(s)
Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Púrpura TrombocitopénicaRESUMEN
Se estudiaron 41 ninos recien nacidos, a los cuales se les realizaron pruebas generales de coagulacion, asi como las tres proteinas con actividad antitrombinica: antitrombina III (AT III), alfa 2 macroglobulina y alfa 1 antitripsina, evaluandose la AT III por dos metodos diferentes: funcional e inmunologico. Los resultados mostraron que los neonatos presentaron pruebas generales de coagulacion prolongadas y que todas las actividades antitrombinicas estaban disminuidas en ellos con relacion a los valores de escolares normales. Entre los dos metodos de AT III se observo una correlacion excelente, tanto en neonatos como en escolares. Se reportan los valores normales de actividad antitrombinica total en recien nacidos, los cuales sirven de base en caso de tener que estudiar ninos pequenos con problemas tromboticos. Se piensa que a pesar de que la actividad antitrombinica total esta baja en los neonatos, la disminucion concomitante de factores de la coagulacion que se presenta en recien nacidos, hace que estos ninos no presenten fenomenos tromboticos con mucha frecuencia
Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Antitrombina III , Pruebas de Coagulación Sanguínea , alfa 1-Antitripsina , alfa-MacroglobulinasRESUMEN
In eighty nine anemic children, aged from 6 months to 13 years, the etiology of their anemia was studied: 67(75%) of the cases presented iron deficiency, 18(20%) iron and folate deficiency and 4 megaloblastic anemia (2 folate and 2 vitamin B12 deficiency). Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency showed severe pancytopenia and megaloblastic changes in bone marrow; but no morphological difference, either in circulating blood or bone marrow was found in patients with iron deficiency, compared to iron plus folate deficiency. The seric measurement of iron, folate and B12 were essential in order to establish the etiology of nutritional anemias. The majority of the children were accepted to the hospital for other causes than anemia, such as diarrhea (58%) and respiratory diseases (18%). Clinical features and the high incidence of anemia in children under two years of age are also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hipocrómica/sangre , Anemia Sideroblástica/sangre , Deficiencia de Ácido Fólico/complicaciones , Trastornos Nutricionales/complicaciones , Adolescente , Anemia Hipocrómica/etiología , Anemia Megaloblástica/sangre , Anemia Megaloblástica/etiología , Anemia Sideroblástica/etiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Deficiencia de Vitamina B 12/complicacionesRESUMEN
Se estudiaron 89 ninos anemicos, con edades que variaron de seis meses a 13 anos, de los cuales 67(75%) presentaron anemia ferropenica, 18(20%) anemia mixta y 4 anemia megaloblastica: 2 casos por carencia de acido folico y 2 por deficit de vitamina B12. Los pacientes con anemia por deficiencia de vitamina B12 presentaron pancitopenia importante y maduracion megaloblastica franca en medula osea, mientras que los datos del hemograma y los hallazgos morfologicos perifericos y medular fueron indistinguibles entre los pacientes con anemia ferropenica y mixta. Las cuantificaciones sericas de hierro folatos y vitamina B12 fueron primordiales para establecer la etiologia de la anemia. La gran mayoria de los ninos se hospitalizaron por causas diferentes a la anemia, tales como sindrome diarreico (58%) y diversas enfermedades respiratorias (18%). Se comentan los hallazgos clinicos y las probables razones para que la anemia se presentara con mayor frecuencia en los ninos menores de dos anos
Asunto(s)
Anemia , Ácido Fólico , Hierro , Vitamina B 12RESUMEN
Antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin antithrombin assay were estimated in 30 severely malnourished children and 40 normal children. The AT III was found significatively depressed and the heparin antithrombin assay showed a flat curve in the patients, which reflects a prethrombotic pattern in this group of children. Those findings agree with the high incidence of thrombosis reported in childhood malnutrition.
Asunto(s)
Antitrombina III/análisis , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/complicaciones , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/complicaciones , Trombosis/etiología , Pruebas de Coagulación Sanguínea , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Heparina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
The study included 30 children with anemia and significant infectious process. The hematologic characteristics of this anemia were identified in their evolution and these findings were correlated with levels of serum iron to disclose whether variations are present to support the diagnosis of mixed etiology of the anemic syndrome. Transferrin saturation index was found to be the best parameter to diagnose iron deficiency in cases of anemia associated to infectious processes and due to the fact that 50% of these cases showed mixed etiology anemia, it seems reasonable that further integral studies should be carried out in this anemic syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/sangre , Infecciones/sangre , Anemia/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Hemoglobinometría , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Infecciones/diagnóstico , Hierro/sangre , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Transferrina/análisisRESUMEN
Thirty-five spinal fluids with leucocytosis belonging to 26 children presenting neoplasia without metastases or CNS infection, were studied. We found that 69% of the cases were receiving some kind of CNS therapy, although leucocytosis could be found at any moment of the evolution and independently of treatment. It is stressed that the criteria for meningeal infiltration in children with neoplasia must be established only if tumoral cells are found in the spinal fluid. Pleocytosis and absence of symptomatology must not be used as the main criteria.
Asunto(s)
Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/citología , Leucocitosis/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Neoplasias/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Humanos , Leucemia Linfoide/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Retinoblastoma/líquido cefalorraquídeoRESUMEN
The laboratory tests used to establish the diagnosis of infection in the newborn period were studied and it was found that more than 700 band cells/mm3 in peripheral blood supported the diagnosis of sepsis and that concomitant thrombocytopenia increased these possibilities. Among the other tests, only the IgM was found of diagnostic value in cases of intrauterine infection.