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Introducción: Implanon®es un implante anticonceptivo subdérmico que se inserta de forma ambulatoria, contiene 68mg de etonogestrel y se incluye dentro de los métodos anticonceptivos de pauta larga reversible. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal y retrospectivo, de las pacientes a las que se insertó Implanon® en nuestro centro entre los años 2015 y 2016. Las variables analizadas han sido: edad, motivo de inserción y retirada, tiempo hasta la retirada, grado de satisfacción de las pacientes, y embarazo no deseado durante el periodo de uso. Resultados: En el 97,3% de los casos el motivo de inserción fue la anticoncepción, pero hubo un caso de inserción para control del sangrado menstrual abundante. La edad media de inserción se situó en los 27,2 años. El porcentaje de continuidad con el método tras 3 años de seguimiento fue del 43,6%. Los motivos más frecuentes para solicitar retirada fueron sangrado uterino frecuente (16,2%) y deseo gestacional (13,5%). Respecto a la satisfacción, de forma global el 75,7% de las usuarias estaban satisfechas con el método. No se produjo ningún embarazo en las usuarias. Conclusiones: Implanon® es un método anticonceptivo de alta efectividad, principalmente utilizado por pacientes en torno a la tercera década de la vida. Los efectos secundarios más frecuentes observados son las relaciones con alteraciones del patrón de sangrado menstrual y suelen ser el uno de los motivos más frecuentes para solicitar retirada del dispositivo.(AU)

Introduction: Implanon® is a subdermal contraceptive implant that is inserted on an outpatient basis. It contains 68mg of etonogestrel, and is a long-acting reversible contraception method. Methodology: Longitudinal and retrospective descriptive study of the patients who had Implanon® inserted in our centre between 2015 and 2016. The variables analysed were age, reasons for insertion and removal, time until removal, degree of patient satisfaction, and unwanted pregnancy during the period of use. Results:In 97.3% of the cases, the reason for insertion was contraception, but there was one case of insertion to control heavy menstrual bleeding. The mean age of insertion was 27.2 years. The percentage continuing with the method after 3 years of follow-up was 43.6%. The most frequent reasons for requesting removal were frequent uterine bleeding (16.2%) and gestational desire (13.5%). Regarding satisfaction, overall 75.7% of the users were satisfied with the method. No pregnancy occurred in the users. Conclusions: Implanon® is a highly effective contraceptive method, mainly used by patients around the third decade of life. The most frequent side effects observed relate to alterations in the menstrual bleeding pattern, and are among the most frequent reasons for requesting removal of the device.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: May-Thurner syndrome has been recognized as a cause of chronic venous insufficiency and a trigger for venous thromboembolism. There is no consensus about the definition, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. We are aiming to describe its characteristics and a scoping literature review. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with May-Thurner syndrome from March 2010 to May 2018 and scoping literature review were made. RESULTS: Seven patients were identified. All patients were female with a median age of 36 (20-60) years. The median time from the first symptom to diagnosis was 3.41 (0.01-9) years. The primary clinical presentation was post-thrombotic syndrome (4 patients). Six patients had at least one risk factor for deep venous thrombosis. All patients underwent angioplasty with stent; patients with acute deep venous thrombosis, furthermore mechanic thrombectomy with or without catheter-directed thrombolysis were done. There were three complications (one patient, lymphedema, and two venous stent thrombosis). Scoping review results were descriptively summarized. CONCLUSION: May-Thurner syndrome has a varied spectrum of clinical presentation, and clinical awareness is paramount for diagnosis. Its principal complication is the post-thrombotic syndrome, which is associated with high morbidity. There is no consensus on the antithrombotic treatment approach.

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Although multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has demonstrated clinical relevance in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)/myeloma, immunophenotypic studies on the full spectrum of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) remain scanty. Herein, a comprehensive MFC analysis on bone marrow samples from 244 newly diagnosed patients with an immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal protein was performed, including 67 IgM-MGUS, 77 smoldering and 100 symptomatic WM. Our results show a progressive increase on the number and light-chain-isotype-positive B-cells from IgM-MGUS to smoldering and symptomatic WM (P<.001), with only 1% of IgM-MGUS patients showing >10% B cells or 100% light-chain-isotype-positive B-cells (P<.001). Complete light-chain restriction of the B-cell compartment was an independent prognostic factor for time-to progression in smoldering WM (median 26 months; HR: 19.8, P=0.001) and overall survival in symptomatic WM (median 44 months; HR: 2.6, P=0.004). The progressive accumulation of light-chain-isotype-positive B-cells accompanied the emergence of a characteristic Waldenstrom's phenotype (CD22(+dim) / CD25+ /CD27+ / IgM+) that differed from other B-NHL by negative expression of CD5, CD10, CD11c or CD103. In contrast to myeloma, light-chain-isotype-positive plasma cells in IgM monoclonal gammopathies show otherwise normal antigenic expression. Our results highlight the potential value of MFC immunophenotyping for the characterization of the Waldenström's clone, as well as for the differential diagnosis, risk of progression and survival in WM.

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The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is based on morphological changes in the blood and bone marrow. The parameters NEUT-X and NEUT-Y of the Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer could help detect neutrophil dysplasia. A control group of 50 patients, along with 50 postpartum patients, 50 anemias, 50 leukopenias, 50 patients with microscopically visible hypergranulated neutrophils and 50 MDS patients were assessed. The NEUT-X and NEUT-Y values (mean +/- SD) for the control group were 1346 +/- 28.2 and 420 +/- 19.3, respectively, with the anemia and leukopenia groups giving similar values. The postpartum and hypergranulated neutrophils groups presented higher values (P < 0.05), whereas the values in the MDS group were 1286 +/- 72.8 and 385 +/- 50.9 (P < 0.05), respectively. There were no differences between the morphological MDS types. The NEUT-X and NEUT-Y values in MDS patients with optical hypogranulation were significantly lower than for MDS patients without optical hypogranulation. NEUT-X and NEUT-Y values lower than 1298 and 398, respectively, would have a specificity for detecting MDS of 94% and 91% and would detect 60% and 56% of cases, respectively, whereas they would detect 75% and 74%, respectively, of MDS cases with optical hypogranulation. NEUT-X and NEUT-Y parameters can be used to detect neutrophil dysplasia arising from MDS and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

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Los aneurismas interatriales pueden ser fuente de embolias pulmonares y sistémicas. Poco frecuentes y subestimados como causa de ictus isquémicos, son diagnosticados mediante ecocardiografía transesofágica. Su presencia ha sido asociada de forma significativa a lesiones encefálicas isquémicas en pacientes jóvenes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer joven con múltiples ictus isquémicos atribuidos a la presencia de un aneurisma del septo auricular, que presentaba un cuadro de tetraparesia, alteraciones sensitivas y disartria pseudobulbar

Interatrial aneurysm can be a source of pulmonary and systemic emboli. Uncommon and underestimated as cause of stroke, are usually diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography. Its presence has been significantly associated with cerebral isquemic lesions in young patients. We report a case of a young woman with multiple isquemic stroke attributed to an interatrial septal aneurysm, who developed tetraparesis, sensory disturbances and psudobulbar dysarthria

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Women with diabetes mellitus suffer symptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary infections more often than non-diabetic women. Prevalence is similar, however, in males with and without diabetes. There is a controversy on the impact of asymptomatic bacteriuria on the development of complications in diabetic patients. Current evidence is reviewed concerning the need for detection and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in these patients.

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Las mujeres con diabetes mellitus tienen bacteriuria sintomática e infecciones urinarias sintomáticas más frecuentemente que las mujeres no diabéticas. La prevalencia es similar en varones con y sin diabetes. Existe controversia sobre las repercusiones que la presencia de bacteriuria asintomática tiene sobre el desarrollo de complicaciones en pacientes diabéticos. Se revisan las evidencias actuales acerca de la necesidad del despistaje y tratamiento de la bacteriuria asintomática en estos pacientes

Women with diabetes mellitus suffer symptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary infections more often than non-diabetic women. Prevalence is similar, however, in males with and without diabetes. There is a controversy on the impact of asymptomatic bacteriuria on the development of complications in diabetic patients. Current evidence is reviewed concerning the need for detection and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in these patients

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OBJECTIVES: To describe care activity as a function of the nature of the consultation (predictability) and the needs of the patients (clinical content). To analyse the relationship of these with the characteristics of the consultation, of the patient and of the centre. DESIGN: Multi-centre, descriptive, observational study. SETTING: Primary care. Area 17 of the Health Department of the Community of Valencia, with 197316 inhabitants and 12 health centres. PARTICIPANTS: Information gathering in real time by outside observer. Stratified randomised sampling of 2051 patients who gave rise to 3008 reasons for medical consultation. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Predictable consultations (Pr): their content can be foreseen (check-ups, picking up results). Unpredictable consultations (Unp): we cannot predict their content (acute problems may arise unexpectedly). These include urgent consultations. Administrative consultations (Ad): bureaucratic tasks (prescriptions, repeat sick-notes, sick certificates). Care consultations (Car): prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the illness, or monitoring of it. Variables here are the patient, the doctor and the consultation. RESULTS: 60% (1809) (95% CI, 58.69%-61.59%) of the reasons were Pr and 40% (1199) (95% CI, 36.6%-43.12%) were Unp. 50% (1509) (95% CI, 47.26%-53.06%) were Car, and 50% Ad (1499) (95% CI, 46.34%-53.39%). 40% (1189) (95% CI, 37.78%-41.28%) were Pr-Ad and only 21% (620) (95% CI, 19.16%-22.06%) were Pr-Car. 30% (889) (95% CI 27.92 %-31.18%) were Unp-Car, and 10% (310) (95% CI, 9.22%-11.4%) Unp-Ad. 48% of patients with a single reason for attendance were Pr-Ad (577) (95% CI, 44.25%-52.05). Teaching centres and computerised ones had less Pr-Ad load. Pr-Ad consultations increased with patient's age and with case-load. CONCLUSIONS: Almost 40% of the reasons for consultation are Pr-Ad, which implies inadequate clinical management. An intervention is needed to free up medical time consumed by bureaucratic questions, so that this time can be devoted fully to health-care tasks.

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Arthrobacter simplex ATCC 6946 (viable cells) was immobilized in a calcium polygalacturonate gel. The trapped cells were used for repeated batchwise bioconversion of steroids. Reichstein's compound S and hydrocortisone were dehydrogenated introducing a double bond between C1 and C2 of ring A. The products 1-dehydro S and prednisolone, respectively, were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Steroid dehydrogenase activity increased in the system when an artificial electron acceptor, such as menadione (vitamin K3) was present in the reaction mixture. An airlift-type reactor was used to bioconvert up to 90% of substrate in 15 min, under optimal conditions. The gel entrapped cell preparations were used for repeated batch bioconversion during 30 days; 69 batch bioconversions for Reichstein's compound S were performed during 15 days of operation of the reactor. The operational stability of the process and the feasibility of repeated batch bioconversions was shown to be comparable to similar processes.

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