RESUMEN
The clinical course of COVID-19 may show severe presentation, potentially involving dynamic cytokine storms and T cell lymphopenia, which are leading causes of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma exchange therapy (PLEX) effectively removes pro-inflammatory factors, modulating and restoring innate and adaptive immune responses. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of PLEX on the survival of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and the effect on the cytokine release syndrome. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm syndrome were selected to receive 2 sessions of PLEX or standard therapy. Primary outcome was all-cause 60-days mortality; secondary outcome was requirement of mechanical ventilation, SOFA, NEWs-2 scores modification, reduction of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and hospitalization time. Twenty patients received PLEX were compared against 40 patients receiving standard therapy. PLEX reduced 60-days mortality (50% vs 20%; OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.071-0.880; p = 0.029), and this effect was independent from demographic variables and drug therapies used. PLEX significantly decreased SOFA, NEWs-2, pro-inflammatory mediators and increased lymphocyte count, accompanied with a trend to reduce affected lung volume, without effect on SatO2/FiO2 indicator or mechanical ventilation requirement. PLEX therapy provided significant benefits of pro-inflammatory clearance and reduction of 60-days mortality in selected patients with COVID-19, without significant adverse events.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/terapia , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Intercambio Plasmático , Respiración Artificial , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
In the past decade, new strategies have been developed to control the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito vector, as well as a broad range of arboviral agents. Vector control surveillance programmes in Puerto Rico and Australia have implemented the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap (AGO), which has had an impact on vector density and, consequently, the epidemiology of arboviral infections. Colombia intends to establish the AGO as a new tool for the surveillance and control of the A. aegypti vector. AGOs were evaluated in a hyperendemic area for dengue virus during an 8-week period in Villavicencio city, eastern Colombia. The results indicated that the AGOs detect a high density of A. aegypti, with positive results for these traps of over 80% and an average catch of six individuals per trap per week. Acceptance of AGOs in the community exceeded 95%, and adherence was around 89%. This study's results demonstrate, for the first time in Colombia, that traps are a useful tool for the surveillance of A. aegypti. Future studies must consider the implementation of AGOs in the region.
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Aedes , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Aedes/virología , Animales , Colombia/epidemiología , Dengue/transmisión , Virus del Dengue , Mosquitos Vectores/virologíaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Introducción: Uno de los parámetros más importantes asociados a la producción de leche y su transformación es contar con condiciones higiénico-sanitarias adecuadas que permitan mejorar las condiciones del productor y empresas transformadoras y, por ende, garantizar inocuidad alimentaria al consumidor garantizando su bienestar y salud. Objetivo: Se evaluaron características composicionales, microbiológicas y sanitarias de leche cruda durante el segundo tercio de lactancia en vacas lecheras. Materiales y métodos: Se tomaron muestras de leche por duplicado cada 10 días a siete vacas lecheras durante su segundo tercio de lactancia. Posteriormente, se realizaron las siguientes pruebas: análisis composicional, adulterantes, presencia de antibióticos, recuento de células somáticas (RCS/ ml), identificación de Staphylococcus aureus y antibiograma por el método de Kirby-Bauer. Resultados: Se detectó la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus en el 66,2% de las muestras y 4,6% resultaron positivas para Listeria sp. No hubo presencia de antibióticos, peróxidos y almidones. Se evidenciaron muestras positivas para cloruros y neutralizantes, además se determinó que por cada kilogramo de leche se obtiene 30, 25 y 84 g de proteína, caseína y sólidos no grasos (SNG), respectivamente; donde la caseína representó el 83% de la proteína. Para el caso del RCS/ml se encontraron valores superiores a un millón de RCS/ml. Conclusiones: Para el caso estudiado la calidad composicional, sanitaria y microbiológica de la leche cruda en el segundo tercio de lactancia en vacas lecheras no es adecuada debido a que se obtuvieron valores que sobrepasan algunos lineamientos de la Norma Técnica Colombiana (NTC) 399 de 2002, en la cual se establece un conteo de mesófilos y de células somáticas (RCS/ml) máximo de 700.000/ml de leche cruda, a partir del cual se debe descartar el consumo de leche o su transformación.
ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the most important parameters associated with the production of milk and its transformation, is to have adequate hygienic-sanitary conditions in terms of milk quality that allow improving the conditions of the producer and processing companies, and therefore to provide food safety to the consumers, guaranteeing their well-being and health. Objetive: Compositional, microbiological and sanitary characteristics of raw milk were evaluated during the second third of lactation in dairy cows. Materials and methods: Two milk samples were taken every 10 days from 7 dairy cows during their second third of lactation. Then the following tests were carried out: compositional analysis, adulterants, presence of antibiotics, somatic cell count (SCC/mL), identification of Staphylococcus aureus and antibiogram by the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was evidenced in 66.2% of the samples, and 4.6% of them gave positive for Listeria sp. No traces of antibiotics, peroxides and starches were found. Positive samples were found for chlorides and neutralizers, and it was determined that for each kilogram of milk, 30, 25 and 84 grams of protein, casein and non-fatty solids (NFS) were obtained, with 83% of the protein formed by casein. In the case of SCC/mL, values higher than one million SCC/mL were found. Conclusions: The compositional, sanitary and microbiological quality of the studied raw milk in the second third of lactation in dairy cows was not adequate, because values found lied above the Colombian technical standard 399 of 2002, which establishes a maximum of mesophile and somatic cell count (SCC/ mL) of 700000/ml in raw milk, therefore not allowing its consumption and transformation.
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The aims of this study were to test a locally applied carvacrol gel and determine its efficacy preventing alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats by regular methodology to validate applicability the atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a novel morphology method on this model. Wistar rats were subjected to ligature around second, upper-left molars. Animals were treated carvacrol gel topically (CAG), immediately after Experimental Periodontitis Disease induction for 1' three-times/day for 11 days. A vehicle gel was utilized as control. The periodontium and the surrounding gingivae were examined at regular histopathology and by AFM method; the neutrophil influx into the gingivae was also assayed using myeloperoxidase activity. The bacterial flora was assessed through culture of the gingival tissue. Alveolar bone loss was significantly inhibited by CAG group compared to the Vehicle (V) group, the carvacrol gel treatment reduced tissue lesion at histopathology, with preservation of the periodontium, coupled to decreased myeloperoxidase activity in gingival tissue and also prevented the proliferation of periodontal microorganisms and the weight loss. The GAC treatment preserved alveolar bone resorption and showed anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in experimental periodontitis. Topographical changes in histological sections were seen bringing into high relief the periodontal structures, being a simple and cost-effective method for periodontal evaluation with ultrastructural resolution.
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Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/prevención & control , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Encía/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos/uso terapéutico , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodoncio/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Tópica , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Cimenos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Geles , Encía/microbiología , Encía/patología , Ligadura , Masculino , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica/métodos , Diente Molar , Monoterpenos/administración & dosificación , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Periodontitis/microbiología , Periodontitis/patología , Periodoncio/patología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
In Brazilian folk medicine, Lippia sidoides (Ls) and Myracrodruon urundeuva (Mu) have gained popularity and reputation as effective antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of topical herbal gel from Ls 0.5% (v/w) and Mu 5% (w/w) in experimental periodontal disease (EPD) in rats. Wistar rats were subjected to ligature placement around the second upper left molars. Animals were treated topically with Ls and/or Mu-based gel, immediately after EPD induction and three times/day for 11 days until the rats were sacrificed (11th day). Saline-based gel was utilized as control for all experiments and doxycycline based gel 10% (w/w) was utilized as reference substance. Animals were weighed daily. Alveolar bone loss was measured as the difference (in millimeters) between the cusp tip and the alveolar bone. The periodontum and the surrounding gingivae were examined at histopathology, as well as the neutrophil influx into the gingivae was assayed using myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine production mainly tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels by ELISA method. The local bacterial flora was assessed through culture of the gingival tissue in standard aerobic and anaerobic media. Alveolar bone loss was significantly inhibited by Ls and Mu combined treatment compared to the saline control group. Ls and Mu combined treatment reduced tissue lesion at histopathology, with partial preservation of the periodontum, coupled to decreased myeloperoxidase activity as well as significantly inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production in gingival tissue compared to the saline control group. Ls and Mu combined treatment also prevented the growth of oral microorganisms and the weight loss. Ls and Mu combined based gel treatment preserved alveolar bone resorption and demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in experimental periodontitis.
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Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Anacardiaceae/química , Lippia/química , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/inmunología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/patología , Animales , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/aislamiento & purificación , Geles/uso terapéutico , Encía/efectos de los fármacos , Encía/inmunología , Encía/microbiología , Interleucina-1beta/inmunología , Masculino , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Periodontitis/inmunología , Periodontitis/patología , Peroxidasa/inmunología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Dental caries and periodontal disease are associated with oral pathogens. Several plant derivatives have been evaluated with respect to their antimicrobial effects against such pathogenic microorganisms. Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "Alecrim-pimenta" is a typical shrub commonly found in the Northeast of Brazil. Many plant species belonging to the genus Lippia yield very fragrant essential oils of potential economic value which are used by the industry for the commercial production of perfumes, creams, lotions, and deodorants. Since the leaves of L. sidoides are also extensively used in popular medicine for the treatment of skin wounds and cuts, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the composition and antimicrobial activity of L. sidoides essential oil. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Twelve compounds were characterized, having as major constituents thymol (56.7%) and carvacrol (16.7%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil and the major components was tested against cariogenic bacterial species of the genus Streptococcus as well as Candida albicans using the broth dilution and disk diffusion assays. The essential oil and its major components thymol and carvacrol exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the organisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10.0 mg/mL. The most sensitive microorganisms were C. albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major components exert promising antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens and suggest its likely usefulness to combat oral microbial growth.
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Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Cimenos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Lippia/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Monoterpenos/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Timol/químicaRESUMEN
Dental caries and periodontal disease are associated with oral pathogens. Several plant derivatives have been evaluated with respect to their antimicrobial effects against such pathogenic microorganisms. Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "Alecrim-pimenta" is a typical shrub commonly found in the Northeast of Brazil. Many plant species belonging to the genus Lippia yield very fragrant essential oils of potential economic value which are used by the industry for the commercial production of perfumes, creams, lotions, and deodorants. Since the leaves of L. sidoides are also extensively used in popular medicine for the treatment of skin wounds and cuts, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the composition and antimicrobial activity of L. sidoides essential oil. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Twelve compounds were characterized, having as major constituents thymol (56.7 percent) and carvacrol (16.7 percent). The antimicrobial activity of the oil and the major components was tested against cariogenic bacterial species of the genus Streptococcus as well as Candida albicans using the broth dilution and disk diffusion assays. The essential oil and its major components thymol and carvacrol exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the organisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10.0 mg/mL. The most sensitive microorganisms were C. albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major components exert promising antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens and suggest its likely usefulness to combat oral microbial growth.
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Humanos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Lippia/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Monoterpenos/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Timol/químicaRESUMEN
quina extract used in the immunoenzymatic