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Women living with human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of developing cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Thus, it is important to combine clinical assessments, serological screening, and HPV data for planning prevention policies. This study aimed to identify HPV and its specific types in the cervical, anal, and oral mucosa of HIV-seropositive women, associating it with viral load and lymphocyte count. Sociodemographic characteristics, health data (CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and viral load), and biological samples (cervical, anal, and oral) were collected from 86 HIV-positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Data were classified according to the presence or absence of HPV-DNA, HPV-DNA presence at one or more anatomic sites, and level of oncogenic risk, considering low- and high-risk oncogenic HPV-DNA groups. The presence of HPV in the cervicovaginal site was 65.9%, 63.8% in anal canal, and 4.2% in oral mucosa. A viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL was associated with the presence of HPV-DNA. There was an association between viral load and the low-risk HPV or high-risk HPV groups. We found a high prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-seropositive women, particularly in the cervical and anal mucosa, with viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL being associated with HPV-DNA presence.
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Cuello del Útero , ADN Viral , Infecciones por VIH , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Carga Viral , Humanos , Femenino , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Adulto , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , Cuello del Útero/virología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Linfocitos , Mucosa Bucal/virología , Canal Anal/virología , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Factores de Riesgo , Virus del Papiloma HumanoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Women living with human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of developing cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Thus, it is important to combine clinical assessments, serological screening, and HPV data for planning prevention policies. This study aimed to identify HPV and its specific types in the cervical, anal, and oral mucosa of HIV-seropositive women, associating it with viral load and lymphocyte count. Sociodemographic characteristics, health data (CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and viral load), and biological samples (cervical, anal, and oral) were collected from 86 HIV-positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Data were classified according to the presence or absence of HPV-DNA, HPV-DNA presence at one or more anatomic sites, and level of oncogenic risk, considering low- and high-risk oncogenic HPV-DNA groups. The presence of HPV in the cervicovaginal site was 65.9%, 63.8% in anal canal, and 4.2% in oral mucosa. A viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL was associated with the presence of HPV-DNA. There was an association between viral load and the low-risk HPV or high-risk HPV groups. We found a high prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-seropositive women, particularly in the cervical and anal mucosa, with viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL being associated with HPV-DNA presence.
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Background: A high prevalence and incidence of head and neck tumors make Brazil the country with the third-highest number of cases of these malignant neoplasms. The main risk factors are smoking and alcohol consumption; however, cases related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) have tripled in number, demonstrating a changing disease profile. Studies have reported the prevalence of HPV in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to vary between 8% and 83%. The role of HPV as an important causative factor in LSCC remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective study included 82 patients with LSCC diagnosed between 2014 and 2019 at two oncology hospitals in São Luís, Brazil. Sociodemographic and clinical data, and the histopathologic characteristics of the tumors, were collected directly from medical records. Genetic material was extracted from paraffin-embedded samples using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automated sequencing for HPV detection and genotyping. The results by social and clinicopathologic variables were then compared using the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis. Results: Sociodemographic analysesdemonstrated that most patients were men (87.8%), brown-skinned (75.6%), and resident in the state capital (53.7%). They generally had a poor education status (53.7%), having only an elementary school education (completed/incomplete), and 51.2% were self-employed in occupations such as farming or fishing. Smoking and alcohol consumption habits were observed in approximately half the patients. With respect to clinical characteristics, 39% of patients exhibited T1/T2 staging, 51.2% had no distant metastasis, and 30.5% had lymph node invasion. HPV DNA was detected in half the samples (50%), with the high oncogenic type 16 being the most prevalent. There was no significant relationship observed between the economic, educational, occupational with the HPV LSCC in the presented data, although multivariate analysis demonstrated that HPV DNA was more likely to be present in T3-T4 tumors (p = 0.002).
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias Laríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Brasil/epidemiología , Relevancia Clínica , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano , GenotipoRESUMEN
Introdução: As neoplasias hematológicas são importantes causas de morte na infância e adolescência. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil demográfico e clínico de casos notificados de neoplasias hematológicas em crianças e adolescentes em um hospital de referência do município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Método: Estudo observacional retrospectivo com dados coletados de prontuários médicos de casos de neoplasias hematológicas em pacientes com idade até 19 anos registrados em um hospital público de referência para tratamento oncológico, no período de 2005 a 2015. Foram coletados dados de caracterização geral dos pacientes e dados do seguimento do tratamento. Os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher foram utilizados na análise estatística. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Os casos de óbito foram mais elevados nos pacientes diagnosticados com linfoma não Hodgkin. A maioria dos pacientes com leucemia linfoide era do sexo masculino com idade até 5 anos, e a frequência de óbito nos pacientes com leucemia linfoide foi mais baixa nos casos confirmados de leucemia linfoblástica de células precursoras tipo B em comparação a outras categorias. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem que a maioria dos pacientes com até 19 anos diagnosticados com leucemia linfoide era do sexo masculino e com idade até 5 anos
Introduction: Hematological cancersare important causes of death in childhood and adolescence. Objective: To design the demographic and clinical profile of cases of hematological cancer reported for children and adolescents in a referral hospital in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Method: A retrospective observational study with secondary data collected from medical records of bone marrow tumor cases in patients aged up to 19 years registered in a public referral hospital for cancer treatment from 2005 to 2015. Patient's profile was collected in addition to follow-up data. The chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used in the statistical analysis. The significance level was 5% (p<0.05). Results: Cases of death were higher in patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most patients with lymphoid leukemia were males aged up to 5 years, and the frequency of death in patients with lymphoid leukemia was lower in confirmed cases of type B lymphoblastic precursor cell leukemia when compared to the other categories. Conclusion: The findings suggest that most patients aged up to 19 years diagnosed with lymphoid leukemia were males and aged up to 5 years old
Introducción: Las neoplasias hematológicas son causas importantes de muerte en la niñez y la adolescencia. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil demográfico y clínico de los casos notificados de neoplasias hematológicas en niños y adolescentes en un hospital de referencia de la ciudad de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Método: estudio observacional retrospectivo con datos secundarios recolectados de registros médicos de casos de tumores de médula ósea en pacientes de hasta 19 años registrados en un hospital público de referencia para tratamiento de cáncer de 2005 a 2015. Se recolectaron datos de caracterización. Datos generales de pacientes y seguimiento -up datos. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados:Los casos de muerte fueron mayores en pacientes con diagnóstico de linfoma no Hodgkin. La mayoría de los pacientes con leucemia linfoide eran varones de hasta 5 años, y la frecuencia de muerte en pacientes con leucemia linfoide fue menor en los casos confirmados de leucemia de células precursoras linfoblásticas tipo B en comparación con las otras categorías. Conclusión:Los hallazgos sugieren que la mayoría de los pacientes de hasta 19 años diagnosticados con leucemia linfoide eran hombres y tenían hasta 5 años
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Demografía , Mortalidad , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Niño , AdolescenteRESUMEN
This study presents 25 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) that occurred in Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Northeast region, Brazil, between January 2007 and December 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status were evaluated. Clinical and histopathological data were collected from the patients' medical records. For the HPV infection analysis, DNA was extracted and subjected to amplification by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Viral genotyping was performed by automated sequencing. The median age of patients was 12.40 ± 12.6. years, and the juvenile form of the disease (68%) was the predominant form of disease. Female participants were predominant (60%), and they were from cities located in the interior of the State (60%). The most common clinical manifestation was dysphonia; recurrence was observed in most cases (56%), and tracheostomy was necessary in seven patients (26.9%). When comparing the RRP forms, patients in the juvenile-RRP group had higher recurrence rates and need of tracheostomy than those in the adult-RRP group. The viral genotyping analysis revealed that 47.8% of patients had low-risk HPVs, whereas 13.1% had high-risk HPVs, and in 39.1% of patients the viral genotype was not obtained. HPV-6 was the most prevalent type and Juvenile-RRP was more prevalent in our population. HPV was present at a high rate, and HPV-6 was the predominant genotype. This study serves as the basis for further studies to be conducted in the Brazilian population. Our findings aid the better understanding of RRP, possibly suggesting some prognostic factors associated with the disease aggressiveness.
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Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. The latter has contributed to a variety of adverse outcomes for both sexes. Moreover, in Brazil, epidemiological studies on patients with STIs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and its association with HPV in women undergoing cervical cancer screening. METHODS: Women with a normal cervix were recruited from a community-based cervical cancer screening program. Gynecological examinations were conducted, and questionnaires were provided. Vaginal canal and uterine cervix samples were collected for cytological examinations (reported using the 2001 Bethesda System) and tested for the presence of TV and HPV DNA. RESULTS: In total, 562 women who attended public primary healthcare were included in the study. The T. vaginalis was present in 19.0% (107) and HPV DNA was present in 46.8% (263) of women. Among the women of TV 73.8% (79) had a co-infection with HPV (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a TV infection is associated with an HPV infection of the cervix as well as with the cervical cytological abnormalities. Further studies could reveal the mechanisms by which these two organisms interact at the cellular level, with control for shared behavioral risk factors.
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Alphapapillomavirus , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Trichomonas vaginalis , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Brasil , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. METHODS: HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. RESULTS: Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV (p=0.003). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.
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In this work, different chemometric tools were compared to classify n = 26 conventional (CONV) and n = 19 organic (ORG) coffees from the main Brazilian producing regions based on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis separated ORG and CONV coffees but the distinction among the producing regions of Brazilian coffee was not possible. Partial least squares discriminant analysis classified all ORG and CONV coffees in the external validation. Similarly, linear discriminant analysis was able to discriminate 100% and 81% of ORG and CONV coffees in the external validation, respectively, in which total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant activity, and caffeic acid were the main discriminant variables. Overall 100% of samples from Paraná, Minas Gerais, and blended samples were correctly classified, where TPC, flavonoids, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, caffeic acid, pH, and soluble solids were the main discriminant variables. Support vector machines classified 95% ORG and 88% CONV, 100% Coffea arabica, and 88% and 78% coffees produced in São Paulo and Minas Gerais. k-Nearest neighbors was effective in distinguishing 100% CONV, 89% ORG, 100% coffees from São Paulo, and 100% C. arabica coffees. Overall, HPLC data and simple physicochemical parameters allied to chemometrics were effective in authenticating the cultivation system and the botanical origin of Brazilian coffees. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Coffee adulteration is a serious problem in the food chain as some fraudsters replace coffee powder by other cheaper products. In the case of organic coffee, this scenario is even worse as still there is not a universal method to differentiate conventionally grown coffee from its organic counterpart. In addition, Brazilian coffee is produced in different regions and the commercial value varies. Therefore, we analyzed some physicochemical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of Brazilian coffees from distinct origins and classified the samples using chemometrics. Our approach seems to be interesting for quality control purposes.