RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Reliable and valid instruments are needed to estimate physical activity levels. The purposes of this study were to estimate the reliability and validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire (MTPAQ) in a subsample of the Mexican Teachers Cohort study. METHODS: We completed telephone interviews and clinical examinations of 82 teachers. Two MTPAQ, five International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-long form, and two accelerometer (AC) measures were used to determine physical activity levels throughout 24 months. Moderate and walking physical activity (MWPA min/week), vigorous physical activity (VPA min/week), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity minutes per week (MVPA min/week) were estimated for each instrument. Pearson, Intra-class correlations and deattenuated adjustments were used to determine the reliability and validity of MTPAQ. RESULTS: MWPA and MVPA min/week of MTPAQs were moderately correlated (r ≥ 0.54) to min/week of IPAQ-long form. MWPA and MVPA min/week average MTPAQ and MTPAQ1 and average AC, AC1 and AC2 were fairly correlated (r ≥ 0.20). A higher correlation was observed when correlation coefficients were attenuated (r ≥ 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: MTPAQ1 is a reliable and valid tool to measure physical activity levels.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Leptin and adiponectin are produced by the adipose tissue. Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer (BC) and is highly influenced by adiposity. How the interplay between MD, obesity, and obesity-related biomarkers influences BC risk, however, is still unknown, especially in premenopausal women, where adiposity seems to be protective for BC. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between circulating leptin, adiponectin, and their ratio, with MD in Mexican premenopausal women who are part of the large Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC). METHODS: A subsample of 2,084 women from the MTC participated in a clinical evaluation. Of them, 574 premenopausal women were randomly selected, from four MD strata. Serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured by immunoassays. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare means of MD by quartiles of adipokines and their ratio. RESULTS: High leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio levels were significantly associated with lower percentage MD and higher absolute and non-absolute dense tissue areas. High adiponectin levels were significantly associated with lower absolute dense and non-dense tissue areas, but not with percentage MD. After adjustment for BMI, only the associations between percentage MD and absolute non-dense tissue area with leptin remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin, adiponectin, and their ratio were associated with MD; however, only the positive association with leptin seemed to be independent from overall obesity.
Asunto(s)
Adiponectina/sangre , Densidad de la Mama , Leptina/sangre , Premenopausia/sangre , Adiposidad , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , MaestrosRESUMEN
Pentastomids are parasites that infect respiratory cavities of vertebrates, they are pretty common but poorly known in wildlife veterinary. A Bothrops asper snake (Garman, 1884) was captured in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica and had its lung infested with pentastomids, identified as ca Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845). This represents the first record of Porocephalus (Humboldt, 1812) on B. asper as well as P. cf. clavatus in Costa Rica. Further studies are needed to clarify their taxonomic position, images and scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) of the specimens are given.
Asunto(s)
Bothrops , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/parasitología , Pentastomida/fisiología , Distribución Animal , Animales , Costa Rica , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Pentastomida/clasificación , Pentastomida/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Pentastomids are parasites that infect respiratory cavities of vertebrates, they are pretty common but poorly known in wildlife veterinary. A Bothrops asper snake (Garman, 1884) was captured in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica and had its lung infested with pentastomids, identified as ca Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845). This represents the first record of Porocephalus (Humboldt, 1812) on B. asper as well as P. cf. clavatus in Costa Rica. Further studies are needed to clarify their taxonomic position, images and scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) of the specimens are given.(AU)
Pentastomídeos sâo parasitas que infectam as cavidades respiratórias dos vertebrados, eles são bastante comuns, mas pouco conhecido nos animais silvestres. Uma Bothrops asper (Garman, 1884) foi capturada na região do Caribe da Costa Rica e teve seu pulmão infestado de pentastomídeos, identificados como ca Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845). Isto representa o primeiro registro de Porocephalus (Humboldt, 1812) em B. asper, assim como P. cf. clavatus na Costa Rica. Mais estudos detalhados são necessários para esclarecer sua posição taxonómica. Imagens e fotografias de microscopia electrónica de varredura (MEV) dos espécimes são dadas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Bothrops , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/parasitología , Pentastomida/fisiología , Distribución Animal , Costa Rica , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Pentastomida/clasificación , /ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Abstract Pentastomids are parasites that infect respiratory cavities of vertebrates, they are pretty common but poorly known in wildlife veterinary. A Bothrops asper snake (Garman, 1884) was captured in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica and had its lung infested with pentastomids, identified as ca Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845). This represents the first record of Porocephalus (Humboldt, 1812) on B. asper as well as P. cf. clavatus in Costa Rica. Further studies are needed to clarify their taxonomic position, images and scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) of the specimens are given.
Resumo Pentastomídeos sâo parasitas que infectam as cavidades respiratórias dos vertebrados, eles são bastante comuns, mas pouco conhecido nos animais silvestres. Uma Bothrops asper (Garman, 1884) foi capturada na região do Caribe da Costa Rica e teve seu pulmão infestado de pentastomídeos, identificados como ca Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845). Isto representa o primeiro registro de Porocephalus (Humboldt, 1812) em B. asper, assim como P. cf. clavatus na Costa Rica. Mais estudos detalhados são necessários para esclarecer sua posição taxonómica. Imagens e fotografias de microscopia electrónica de varredura (MEV) dos espécimes são dadas.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Bothrops , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/parasitología , Pentastomida/fisiología , Distribución Animal , Costa Rica , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Pentastomida/clasificación , Pentastomida/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The synthesis and evaluation as hypoxic selective cytotoxins of new derivatives of 2-amino or 2-hydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide are described. The compounds were developed as structural analogs of other bioreductive compounds and its in vitro cytotoxicities on V79 cells under hypoxic and aerobic conditions were determined. To gain insight into its mechanism of action electrochemical behavior, interaction with DNA experiments and QSAR studies were performed.
Asunto(s)
Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Fenazinas/química , Fenazinas/toxicidad , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Animales , Hipoxia de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Citotoxinas/síntesis química , ADN/química , Electroquímica , Estructura Molecular , Fenazinas/síntesis química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
The synthesis and evaluation of a series of oxotechnetium and oxorhenium complexes containing a nitroaromatic moiety as potential radiopharmaceuticals for targeting tumour hypoxia is presented. 99mTc labelling was performed in high yield (>85%) and radiochemical purity (>90%). Their structure was corroborated by means of the rhenium complexes. Reduction potentials were in the range for bioreducible compounds. 99mTc complexes III-VI were selected for "in vivo" experiments in view of the results of cytotoxicity studies. Biodistribution in normal animals was characterized by high initial blood, lung and liver uptake, fast blood and soft tissue depuration and preferential excretion via the hepatobiliary system. Initial tumour uptake was moderate but tumour/muscle ratios for complexes III and IV, were favourable at all time points. Although the results are encouraging further development is still necessary in order to achieve higher tumour uptake and lower gastrointestinal activity.
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Nitrobencenos/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/síntesis química , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacología , Compuestos de Organotecnecio/síntesis química , Compuestos de Organotecnecio/farmacología , Renio/química , Animales , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , China , Cricetinae , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Diseño de Fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Femenino , Cámaras gamma , Hipoxia , Ligandos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentales , Compuestos Organometálicos/química , Compuestos de Organotecnecio/química , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Distribución Tisular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Several new 1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide derivatives were synthesized to be tested both as potential selective hypoxic cell cytotoxins and as DNA-binding agents. The compounds prepared included bis(1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide) derivatives and oxadiazole rings linked to naphthyl residues. The compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity in oxia and hypoxia and they proved to be non-selective and less active than the parent compounds 3-formyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole N2-oxide (3) and 3-chloromethyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole N2-oxide (4). The DNA-affinity assays showed that the compounds tested have poor affinity for this biomolecule.
Asunto(s)
Hipoxia de la Célula/fisiología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citotoxinas/síntesis química , ADN/química , Oxadiazoles/síntesis química , Oxadiazoles/farmacología , Óxidos/síntesis química , Óxidos/farmacología , Aerobiosis , Animales , Hipoxia de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Células Clonales , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Oxadiazoles/química , Óxidos/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor predominantly of vulvar location. It is characterized being of superficial and slow-growth, low propensity for local recurrence and often misdiagnosed as a Bartholin's gland cyst, hydrocele of the canal of Nuck and aggressive angiomyxoma. A case of vulvar angiomyofibroblastoma in a 56 year-old woman is presented. The specimen was processed by structural and immunohistochemical analysis. It's important to suspect the diagnosis and to distinguish it of aggressive angiomyxoma.
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Angiofibroma , Neoplasias de la Vulva , Angiofibroma/patología , Angiofibroma/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , Neoplasias de la Vulva/cirugíaRESUMEN
Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of four Argentine plants (Gamochaeta simplicaulis Cabr. 1, Achyrocline flaccida Wein. D. C. 2, Eupatorium buniifolium H. et A. 3, and Phyllanthus sellowianus Muell. Arg. 4) were examined in vitro for their ability to inhibit the polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) (wild and Y181C mutant types). The active extracts were also examined as inhibitors of viral replication in HLT4LacZ-1IIIB cell cultures, evaluating their cytotoxicity in parallel. Infusions 2I and 4I, among the crude extracts, showed the highest activity. These extracts were refractioned into four fractions; 2I4 and 4I4 were active as inhibitors of DNA-polymerase (wild and Y181C types) and RNase H activities. These fractions were potent as inhibitors of viral replication and were not cytotoxic. Refractionation of 2I4 yielded five new fractions, two of which, 2I4-4 and 2I4-5, showed notable activity. Refractionation of 4I4 yielded for new fractions; of these, 4I4-3 and 4I4-4 were active. The marked biological activity found in the infusion of A. flaccida and P. sellowianus makes them sufficiently attractive to be considered in the combined chemotherapy of the disease.