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INTRODUCCIÓN: El dolor miofascial es una alteración muscular derivada de la presencia de uno o más puntos gatillo miofasciales y se considera una de las causas más frecuentes de dolor musculoesquelético y discapacidad. Se han estudiado técnicas invasivas y no invasivas para comparar su efectividad en el tratamiento del síndrome del dolor miofascial cervical. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: La búsqueda se ha realizado en la base de datos PubMed con la combinación de las palabras clave referentes al síndrome de dolor miofascial cervical y las técnicas de intervención, invasivas y no invasivas. Se procedió a hacer la selección valorando que tuvieran una antigüedad menor a 10 años y otros criterios de inclusión. De los 26 artículos seleccionados, se evaluaron los efectos a corto y a largo plazo de la intensidad del dolor, el umbral de dolor por presión, el rango de movimiento, la discapacidad cervical y la calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: Existen numerosas publicaciones sobre la disminución de la intensidad del dolor y el rango de movimiento, más de técnicas invasivas que de no invasivas, pero sobre el nivel de funcionalidad, la calidad de vida y el umbral de dolor, el número de publicaciones es inferior en ambos tipos de técnicas. CONCLUSIÓN: Tanto las técnicas invasivas como las no invasivas son favorables para el tratamiento del síndrome del dolor miofascial cervical, pero resulta difícil evidenciar cuáles lo son más debido a la gran heterogeneidad en los diferentes diseños de los estudios revisados

INTRODUCTION: Myofascial pain is a muscular alteration caused by one or more myofascial trigger points and is considered one of the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders. This study compared the effectiveness of invasive and non-invasive techniques in the treatment of neck myofascial pain syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search were performed in PubMed with a combination of key words related to myofascial pain syndrome and invasive and non-invasive therapies. Articles were included according to whether they were published less than 10 years previously and other inclusion criteria. Pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of movement, disability and quality of life were evaluated in the 26 articles finally selected. RESULTS: There are multiple publications on pain intensity reduction and range of movement. Reports of invasive techniques are more important than those of non-invasive techniques. However, there are only a few publications on threshold pressure pain, functionality and quality of life irrespective of the type of technique. CONCLUSION: Invasive and non-invasive techniques are effective in the treatment of neck myofascial pain syndrome, but it is difficult to conclude the superiority of one type of technique over the other due to multiple methodological differences among the evaluated studies

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INTRODUCTION: Myofascial pain is a muscular alteration caused by one or more myofascial trigger points and is considered one of the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders. This study compared the effectiveness of invasive and non-invasive techniques in the treatment of neck myofascial pain syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search were performed in PubMed with a combination of key words related to myofascial pain syndrome and invasive and non-invasive therapies. Articles were included according to whether they were published less than 10 years previously and other inclusion criteria. Pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of movement, disability and quality of life were evaluated in the 26 articles finally selected. RESULTS: There are multiple publications on pain intensity reduction and range of movement. Reports of invasive techniques are more important than those of non-invasive techniques. However, there are only a few publications on threshold pressure pain, functionality and quality of life irrespective of the type of technique. CONCLUSION: Invasive and non-invasive techniques are effective in the treatment of neck myofascial pain syndrome, but it is difficult to conclude the superiority of one type of technique over the other due to multiple methodological differences among the evaluated studies.

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Present technologies for wastewater treatment do not sufficiently address the increasing pollution situation of receiving water bodies, especially with the growing use of personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCP) in the private household and health sector. The relevance of addressing this problem of organic pollutants was taken into account by the Directive 2013/39/EU that introduced (i) the quality evaluation of aquatic compartments, (ii) the polluter pays principle, (iii) the need for innovative and affordable wastewater treatment technologies, and (iv) the identification of pollution causes including a list of principal compounds to be monitored. In addition, a watch list of 10 other substances was recently defined by Decision 2015/495 on March 20, 2015. This list contains, among several recalcitrant chemicals, the painkiller diclofenac and the hormones 17ß-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol. Although some modern approaches for their removal exist, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), retrofitting most wastewater treatment plants with AOPs will not be acceptable as consistent investment at reasonable operational cost. Additionally, by-product and transformation product formation has to be considered. The same is true for membrane-based technologies (nanofiltration, reversed osmosis) despite of the incredible progress that has been made during recent years, because these systems lead to higher operation costs (mainly due to higher energy consumption) so that the majority of communities will not easily accept them. Advanced technologies in wastewater treatment like membrane bioreactors (MBR) that integrate biological degradation of organic matter with membrane filtration have proven a more complete elimination of emerging pollutants in a rather cost- and labor-intensive technology. Still, most of the presently applied methods are incapable of removing critical compounds completely. In this opinion paper, the state of the art of European WWTPs is reflected, and capacities of single methods are described. Furthermore, the need for analytical standards, risk assessment, and economic planning is stressed. The survey results in the conclusion that combinations of different conventional and advanced technologies including biological and plant-based strategies seem to be most promising to solve the burning problem of polluting our environment with hazardous emerging xenobiotics.

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Malignant cutaneous melanoma (MCM) is a very aggressive disease that becomes in a true problem of health because of the increase in the last 5 years. In the present paper, authors report the detection of the tumor, metastases and recurrences mean 99mTc HMPAO. We presented 5 cases of MCM patients and observed the radiopharmaceutical uptake in skin, nodules and recurrent tumor lesions. Because of the number of patients was limited, authors recommended the research with a lot of patients. The gammagraphic studies could be very important for the staging of the disease and early detection of metastases and recurrent lesions.

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La tomografía de emisión es una técnica de la medicina nuclear para la visualización de órganos, la cual brinda una nueva posibilidad en la detección de lesiones primitivas o metastásicas del hígado. En este trabajo se expone el método de reconstrucción de los cortes tomográficos y los procedimientos utilizados en el tratamiento de los mismos(AU)

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The cardiotonic pyridine derivative ARL-115 increased the spontaneous and electrically-evoked release of 3H-noradrenaline from the cat right atrium superfused with oxygenated Krebs-bicarbonate solution at 37 degrees C. On the contrary, ouabain inhibited the evoked release while it also enhanced the spontaneous release of the transmitter. Vanadate did not affect either spontaneous or evoked release. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) greatly potentiated 3H-noradrenaline release induced by electrical stimulation; when applied in addition to each agent, ARL-115 failed to further increase the secretory response. 3H-ouabain specific binding to partially purified bovine adrenal medulla plasma membranes was very efficiently antagonized by cold ouabain, but not by vanadate or ARL-115, even at concentrations as high as 10(-3) mol/l. 45Ca uptake into isolated bovine adrenal medulla mitochondria was prevented by dinitrophenol (DNP) but unchanged in the presence of ARL-115. 45Ca release from preloaded mitochondria was, again, markedly increased by DNP, but not affected by ARL-115. The results suggest that ARL-115 enhances the release of noradrenaline from cardiac sympathetic nerves by a TEA- and 4-AP-like action. In this manner, ARL-115 would inactivate the K+ current in the nerve terminals, thereby prolonging the duration of the action potential, allowing the Ca2+ channels to remain open longer and more Ca2+ to enter the terminal. ARL-115 is not acting like digitalis.

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