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La adolescencia es una etapa de desarrollo, la cual juega un papel clave en lo que se refiere a la adquisición de una adherencia positiva a un patrón dietético saludable y en el control de las distintas emociones vivenciadas en el día a día. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la presente investigación refleja los objetivos de desarrollar un modelo explicativo de la incidencia de la atención, claridad y reparación emocional sobre la adherencia hacia la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes del tercer ciclo de educación primaria y contrastar el modelo estructural mediante un análisis multigrupo en función del sexo. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo comparativo de corte transversal con 293 estudiantes del tercer ciclo de educación primaria. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el test KIDMED y el Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Finalmente, los resultados revelan una relación negativa entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la claridad y atención emocional en el sexo femenino.(AU)

Adolescence is a stage of development, which plays a key role in terms of acquiring positive adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and in controlling the different emotions experienced on a daily basis. Taking into account the above, the present investigation reflects the objectives of developing an explanatory model of the incidence of attention, clarity and emotional repair on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in students of the third cycle of primary education and contrasting the structural model through a multigroup analysis according to sex. For this, a cross-sectional comparative descriptive study has been carried out with 293 students of the third cycle of primary education. The instruments used have been a sociodemographic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Finally, the results reveal a negative relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and clarity and emotional attention in the female sex.(AU)

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La presente investigación pretende definir y contrastar un modelo explicativo del consumo de alcohol y tabaco, y la práctica de actividad física en función de las cinco dimensiones del autoconcepto en una muestra de 2.134 adolescentes de la provincia de Granada (España). Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Forma-5, Test para la Identificación de Trastornos en el Uso de Alcohol-AUDIT, Test para la Dependencia a la Nicotina-FTND y un cuestionario ad-hoc para controlar la práctica de actividad física. En esta investigación se planteó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que se ajustó de forma adecuada (χ2 = 79,476; gl = 8; p = 0,000; CFI = 0,968; NFI = 0,964; IFI = 0,968; RMSEA = 0,065). Los resultados obtenidos muestran una relación positiva entre el consumo de alcohol y el consumo de tabaco, y relaciones negativas entre el autoconcepto familiar, emocional y académico con el consumo de alcohol

The present research aims to define and contrast an explanatory model of alcohol and tobacco consumption, and the practice of physical activity according to the five dimensions of self-concept in a sample of 2.134 adolescents from the province of Granada (Spain). The instruments used were the Self-concept Questionnaire Form-5, Test for the Identification of Disorders in the Use of Alcohol-AUDIT, Test for the Nicotine-FTND Unit and an ad-hoc questionnaire to control the practice of physical activity. In this research, a model of structural equations was presented that was adjusted appropriately (χ2 = 79.476, gl = 8, p = 0,000, CFI = 0,968, NFI = 0,964, IFI = 0,968, RMSEA = 0,065). The results obtained show a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption, and negative relationships between family, emotional and academic self-concept with alcohol consumption

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El objetivo de la presente investigación era adaptar y validar al contexto de la danza educativa, el Cuestionario de Comportamientos Positivos en Educación Física. La muestra estuvo formada por 921 alumnos, de sexo femenino (n = 421) y masculino (n = 500), con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años, pertenecientes a cuatro escuelas en México. Esta investigación estaba organizada por ConArte (Consorcio Internacional de Arte y Escuela). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el instrumento presentaba una adecuada validez factorial y consistencia interna. Asimismo, el instrumento se mostró invariante en cuanto al género y la edad de los participantes. De esta manera, este trabajo aporta evidencias científicas de que el cuestionario de comportamientos positivos en la danza educativa se muestra válido y fiable para analizar dichos comportamientos durante este tipo de clases

The aim of the current research was to validate into the educative dance in Mexican secondary school, the questionnaire of positive behaviors in physical education. The sample was formed by 921 students, both female (n = 421) and male (n = 500) participants, ranging in age from 11 to 17 years old, belonged to four schools from Mexico. This research was organized by ConArte (International Consortium of Art and School). The results showed that the instrument had an adequate factorial validity and internal consistency. Furthermore, the instrument was invariant regarding individuals' gender and age. Thus, this work gives empiric evidences that the questionnaire of positive behaviors in educative dance is valid and reliable to assess these behaviors

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BACKGROUND: The role of dietary patterns in the prevention of unipolar depression has been analyzed in several epidemiological studies. The primary aims of this study are to determine the effectiveness of an extra-olive oil-enriched Mediterranean diet in reducing the recurrence of depression and improving the symptoms of this condition. METHODS: Multicenter, two-arm, parallel-group clinical trial. Arm 1, extra-virgin olive oil Mediterranean diet; Arm 2, control group without nutritional intervention. Dieticians are in charge of the nutritional intervention and regular contact with the participants. Contacts are made through our web platform ( https://predidep.es/participantes/ ) or by phone. Recurrence of depression is assessed by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists through clinical evaluations (semi-structured clinical interviews: Spanish SCID-I). Depressive symptoms are assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. Information on quality of life, level of physical activity, dietary habits, and blood, urine and stool samples are collected after the subject has agreed to participate in the study and once a year. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, the PREDI-DEP trial is the first ongoing randomized clinical trial designed to assess the role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of recurrent depression. It could be a cost-effective approach to avoid recurrence and improve the quality of life of these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study has been prospectively registered in the U.S. National Library of Medicine ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ) with NCT number: NCT03081065.

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Ketamine and its enantiomer S-ketamine (esketamine) are promising candidates to produce a rapid-onset antidepressant effect in treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine causes continued blockade of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, though this might not primarily mediate the antidepressant effect. Alternative hypotheses include selectivity for the NMDA receptor subtype containing the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), inhibition of the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase, increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB), and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, alongside other independent actions attributed to the ketamine metabolism to R-hydroxynorketamine (R-HNK). The enantiomer S-ketamine (esketamine) displays approximately fourfold greater affinity for the glutamate NMDA receptor in vitro than R-ketamine. Proof-of-concept single-dose and repeat-dose studies with intravenous ketamine show a significant antidepressant and probably antisuicidal effect in the short term, with response rates over 60% as early as 4.5 h after a single dose, with a sustained effect after 24 h, and over 40% after 7 days. This response can be further sustained over several weeks with repeated doses (two to three doses per week). Tolerability seems acceptable in the short term, with transient elevation of blood pressure and mild and transient dissociative and psychotomimetic effects. Intranasal esketamine has shown a comparable antidepressant effect, which has resulted in the US FDA granting the drug a "breakthrough therapy" designation, and theoretically it may offer an improved tolerability profile. However, major concerns remain regarding an effective protocol to maintain the clinical antidepressant effect of ketamine seen with acute administration and the safety of ketamine and esketamine in the long term, specifically related to potential neurocognitive and urologic toxicity, together with the potential induction of substance use disorders. Ketamine and esketamine are not currently approved treatments for depression, but the clinical use of ketamine is increasing in a variety of practice settings internationally.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the differences in lifestyles according to levels of self-perceived competitiveness, psychological tension, and dependency in a Mediterranean cohort of university graduates. STUDY DESIGN: Levels of personality traits, food consumption, nutrient intake, eating attitudes, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol and tobacco consumption were assessed through a questionnaire administered at baseline. This was a cross-sectional study in the context of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort. Participants are 15,346 Spanish adults. RESULTS: Participants with a high level of self-perceived competitiveness consumed more vegetables and fish but less refined grains; they had higher protein intake and healthier eating attitudes. They were more physically active and less likely to be smokers. Participants with a high level of tension or dependency were less physically active, and participants more dependent also had poorer adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS: Self-perceived personality traits, especially the trait of competitiveness, are likely to be associated with healthier dietary patterns, better nutrient profile, better eating attitudes, physical activity, and less exposure to smoking. The use of short questions about self-perceived levels of competitiveness, psychological tension, and dependency can contribute to add additional information when assessing lifestyles and diet in adults.

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We describe a case of delusional psychosis that was terminated by neurosurgical removal of a large arachnoid cyst. The patient was suffering his first psychotic episode and had symptoms typical of schizophrenia. The case underscores the importance of considering that an arachnoid cyst can induce psychopathological symptoms, even those of schizophrenia. Indeed, such symptoms may be the cyst's only clinical manifestation. In addition, the case highlights the importance of doing a structural imaging test when confronted with a first episode of psychosis, especially if the episode is relatively late in appearance. Such imaging may lead to a diagnosis that in turn can enable a definitive neurosurgical resolution of the psychosis.

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Objetivos. Con este trabajo pretendemos mejorar la eficacia y coordinación de los mecanismos de derivación entre los médicos de familia y el equipo de fisioterapia de Atención Primaria (AP). Aumentar el número de derivaciones correctas (incluidas en los protocolos) realizadas por estos a fisioterapia y disminuir el número de derivaciones incorrectas. Así como disminuir la demora en la asistencia. Material y métodos. Estudio cuasi-cuantitativo, prospectivo. Muestreo secuencial no aleatorio de 198 pacientes derivados tanto de AP como especializada. Se evaluó tanto la demora (medida en días), como el número de derivaciones correctas e incorrectas (según las guías de intervención) antes y después de la sesión clínica informativa realizada con los médicos de familia de la zona básica del Centro de Salud de Níjar. Resultados. En cuanto al número de derivaciones incorrectas (no cumplen los protocolos especificados en la guía), usando la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson con corrección de Yates obtenemos una p=0,0127. Sobre el incremento del número de derivaciones desde AP, usando la prueba Z de comparación de proporciones, con un nivel de confianza del 95% obtenemos una p=0,0015. Con respecto al tiempo de demora, utilizamos la prueba t de Student con un nivel de confianza del 95% y obtenemos una p<0,001. Conclusiones. Se aumentan las derivaciones directas desde AP y se disminuyen los tiempos de espera del tratamiento de fisioterapia beneficiando así al usuario, por lo que se mejora la integración de la labor del fisioterapeuta dentro del equipo de AP(AU)

Objectives. With this work, we are aiming to improve the efficacy and coordination of referral mechanisms between primary care physicians and the primary care physiotherapy team, to increase the number of correct referrals (including in the protocols) performed by former to physiotherapy and to reduce the incorrect referrals as well as to reduce waiting times for treatment. Material and methods. A quasi-quantitative, prospective study was performed using a non-randomized, sequential sample of 198 patients referred by primary and specialized care. Delay (measured in days) and number of correct and incorrect referrals (guideline-based intervention) before and after the clinical session carried out by the primary care physicians of the Basic health care area of Nijar were evaluated. Results. In regards to number of incorrect referrals (those not fulfilling the specified protocols in the guideline), P=0.0127 was obtained when using the Chi-square test with Yates correction Pearson. In regards to the number of referrals from primary care, a P=0.0015 was obtained when using the Z test for comparison of proportions, with a 95% confidence level. For delay time, the using the Student's T test with a confidence level of 95%, a P<0.001 was obtained. Conclusions. Direct referrals from primary care are increasing and waiting times for physiotherapy treatment are decreasing, with improved integration of the work of the physiotherapist within the Primary Care Team, thus benefiting the user(AU)

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Genetic variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene may influence the susceptibility to schizophrenia and the response to neuroleptic treatment. The authors tested for an association between a COMT haplotype and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and for an eventual influence of a specific COMT genotype in the clinical outcome and in the response to treatment. The genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms rs737865, rs4633, rs6267, rs4680 (Val 158 Met) and rs165599 were determined in 207 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and 204 paired controls. Statistical tests for linkage disequilibrium and for case-control differences in haplotype frequencies were performed using log-linear modelling embedded within the expectation-maximization algorithm. P-values based on permutations were calculated using the software UNPHASED, and odds ratios were estimated using the SHEsis platform. The response to neuroleptic treatment was assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale and the severity of psychotic symptoms by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scale. The overall disease status was significantly associated with the T-G (Val) diplotype for rs4633-rs4680 (P=0.0049). A significant association was observed between schizophrenia, but not other related disorders, and genotypes GG (Val/Val) for rs4680 and TT for rs4633. Val/Val patients with schizophrenia showed a higher severity of the psychotic symptoms and a worse response to the neuroleptic treatment. COMT genetic variation seems to be involved in the psychotic symptomatology of the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and specifically in the narrow schizophrenia phenotype. Our results show an influence of the Val 158 Met polymorphism on the severity of psychotic symptoms and on the response to treatment.

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Se revisan logros de los estudios histológicos que, junto a los hallazgos de la incipiente aplicación de la neuroimagen, han revelado algunos mecanismos implicados en la etiopatogenia y fisiopatología de la esquizofrenia. Desde hace pocos años, la confluencia de las diferenteslíneas de investigación han producido importantes avancesque marcaran la trayectoria futura de la investigación biológica de la esquizofrenia en psiquiatría, y se han publicado los primeros estudios que relacionan la influencia que ejercen determinados genotipos de genes candidatos, sobre las alteraciones neurofisiológicas, ejecución de test de memoria de trabajo, variaciones estructurales y funcionales y psicopatológicas en pacientes con esquizofrenia, individuos de alto riesgo y personas sanas. En definitiva, estudios que detectan los individuos más vulnerables al padecimiento de este gravetrastorno mental

In this article we review the most recent studies in neuroimage that have helped to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In the last few years different research lines came together to produce importand advances and open new pathways for the futureknowledge about schizophrenia. The first studies on the different genotipes involved in schizophrenia were published and also studies on neurophysiology, neuropsychology, structural and functional neuroimage in patients with schizophrenia, persons at high risk fordeveloping the illness, and healthy controls have been developed. In summary, in the last years we have many available studies on different fields that help to understand the etiology and pathology of schizophrenia,and different characteristics in high risk individuals

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