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BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a shift to e-learning and online education in educational and learning processes. Research has shown that nursing students who are satisfied with e-learning tend to have better learning outcomes. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to explore the challenges and facilitators of e-learning for nursing students during the pandemic. METHODS: This qualitative study utilized a content analysis approach. Sixteen participants with nursing education experience were purposively selected and interviewed using a semi-structured format. The data collected were analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis approach. RESULTS: Through data analysis, two main categories were identified: e-learning challenges and facilitators. The e-learning challenges included subcategories such as inexperienced teachers, ineffective learning, academic cheating, system problems, and inappropriate evaluation. The facilitators included subcategories such as improving education, and promoting online exams. CONCLUSIONS: While e-learning was adopted as a substitute for in-person education during the COVID-19 pandemic, its implementation involves both challenges and facilitators. By addressing the challenges and optimizing the facilitators of e-learning, nursing schools can successfully adapt to this new mode of education in the post-pandemic era and provide high-quality education to their students.
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BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease. Quarantine is often accompanied by unpleasant experiences for those who go through it. The aim of this study was to determine the mental health status of people during quarantine in northern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the quarantine period of coronavirus. Conventional sampling was done from March 6 to April 6. Six hundred and forty-two individuals were included. Inclusion criteria were living in Sari and being home quarantined during the corona outbreak. Exclusion criteria included hospitalization history due to corona and unwillingness to participate in the study. In this study, the General Health Questionnaire-28 was used online to collect the required data. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, analysis of variance, and correlation coefficient) were used. RESULTS: In this study, individuals were included in the investigation with a mean age of 38.74 ± 11.89 (ranged from 15 to 73). Most of the participants were female (72.85%) and married (71.34%). According to the results, 21.5% of the participants had poor mental health. Mean mental health scores have a statistically significant relationship with gender, marital status, education, occupation, quarantine period, patients with corona, and exposure to a patient with corona (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, a negative correlation coefficient was observed between age and mental health score (correlation coefficient = -0.31, significance >0.001). CONCLUSION: The average score of mental health has a significant relationship with gender, marital status, education, occupation, quarantine period, corona, and exposure to a patient with corona. Given the high prevalence of mental disorders in people during the COVID-19 epidemic, educating people and planning to reduce the psychological effects of the epidemic can be helpful.
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BACKGROUND: The presence of nurses at patients' bedside is regarded as an indication of the quality of care. There is not enough evidence on facilitators of nurses' presence at cancer patients' bedside. AIM: The present study aimed to investigate nurses' experiences of factors facilitating their presence at patients' bedside in oncology ward. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this qualitative study, data were collected using purposeful sampling and semi-structured individual interviews with 25 oncology nurses from two teaching hospitals in Sari, Northern Iran, between 2016 and 2017. Interviews were digitally recorded, handwritten, coded, classified, and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach. RESULTS: Data analysis led to the development of three main categories and seven subcategories. The first category, namely, "leverage spirituality" with two subcategories (motivational beliefs and religious motives). "Being with patient with compassion and commitment" is the second category with two subcategories (sense of altruism and compassionate care and adherence to the profession). The third category is "effective communication" with three subcategories (initial methods being patient, soothing communication, and intimate communication). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that nurses' spiritual beliefs, kindness, and professional commitment and establishing human-friendly relationships with the patient and family would help the nurses of the oncology unit to have a more effective presence in the patients' bed. It seems that further studies are needed to examine the facilitators of the presence of oncology nurses on patients' bedside based on severity of illness.
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BACKGROUND: Cancer patients need not only well-planned treatment, but also comprehensive nursing care provided with compassion, competence, and conscience. Nursing presence is an essential part of the care process in all nursing interventions. AIM: This study aimed to identify the barriers to the nursing presence in oncology care units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative content analysis study was carried out with the participation of 27 nurses who were chosen by purposive sampling. The data collection instruments were semi-structured interviews and observation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then coded and analysed by the Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis methodology. The criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln were used to ensure the validity of the research. RESULTS: From the data analysis, the researchers were able to obtain a primary theme labelled "Rocky road ahead of nursing presence" and two subthemes labelled "Difficult and stressful work environment" and "Dysfunctional rules and regulations" with several subcategories including "exposure to violence", "shortage of nursing staff", "inattention to the needs of nurses", "organizational unfairness", "excessive paperwork", and "need for detailed documentation". CONCLUSION: There are numerous challenges ahead of achieving satisfactory nursing presence and quality care in the oncology care units. The findings highlight the key role of organisational conditions in the nursing presence and the dire need to pay further attention to the motivational factors.
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Intramural hematoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which can present as abdominal pain or obstruction, can be a rare complication of oral anticoagulants, in particular Warfarin. In this case report, we describe an 81-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting with a previous history of rectorrhagia. The patient was receiving Warfarin therapy due to cardiac valve replacement for the past 8 years. Laboratory workup revealed elevated INR and anemia. Diagnosis of ileal intramural hematoma was based on ultrasound and CT scan findings. The patient was treated by conservative approaches including administration of fresh frozen plasma, cessation of oral intake, and fluid resuscitation. In CT images, a mass on the left breast and lymphadenopathy on the left axilla were also noticed. Given that most GI intramural hematomas caused by over-anticoagulation are treated non-surgically, considering a patient's drug history, especially in older patients with abdominal pain and obstruction symptoms, is of particular importance.