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Developing a potent antiviral agent to combat Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is of critical importance as we may be at risk of the emergence of new virus strains or another pandemic recurrence. The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main protein-protein interaction (PPI) implicated in the virus entry into the host cells. Spike-ACE2 PPI represents a major target for drug intervention. We have repurposed a previously described protein-protein interaction detection method to be utilized as a drug screening assay. The assay was standardized using Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as the drug and SARS-CoV-2 spike-ACE2 interaction as the PPI model. The assay was then used to screen four natural bioactive compounds: Curcumin (Cur), Gallic acid (GA), Quercetin (Q), and Silymarin (Sil), and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro. Production of the spike protein and the evaluation of its activity in comparison to a standard commercial protein was part of our work as well. Here we describe a novel simple immunofluorescent screening assay to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors that could assess the inhibitory effect of any ligand against any PPI.

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As screening strategies employ better biomarkers and genetics to identify individuals at an increased risk of prostate cancer, there are currently no chemotherapeutic prevention strategies. With any chemoprevention strategy, the population will be younger and healthier; therefore, they will be less tolerant of side effects. This study translated findings from screening a natural product library and pre-clinical evaluation of curcumin (CURC) in combination with ursolic acid (UA) in prostate cancer models. After manufacturing capsules for each compound, 18 subjects were enrolled. The study used a 3 × 3 phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate CURC (1200 mg/day) and UA (300 mg/day) alone and in combination over a 2-week period with endpoints of safety, bioavailability, and microbiome alterations. After enrolling six subjects in each arm, we found no grade 3 or 4 events and only minor changes in the safety laboratory values. In the pooled analysis of groups, we noted a statistically significant difference between median serum levels of UA when administered alone vs administered in the combination (2.7 ng/mL vs 43.8 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Individuals receiving the combination also had a favorable impact on gut microbiome status and a reduction in "microbiome score" predictive of prostate cancer risk.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Evidence regarding stress evaluations of removable obturators with Aramany class I defects is lacking. Whether the stress distribution on Aramany class I prostheses can be improved by modifying the currently used designs is also unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of part II of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in different designs of Aramany class I obturators using finite element analysis (FEA) and photoelastic stress analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four finite element and 8 photoelastic models, including 2 acrylic resin base obturators retained with 2 Adams clasps, 2 linear, 2 tripodal, and 2 fully tripodal design obturators, were used in this study. The frameworks were fabricated on the casts obtained from a modified printed model. Vertical and oblique loads were applied on 2 points (anterior and posterior) of the models. The quantitative measurement was done by measuring the fringe orders and von Mises values to compare the influences of occlusal forces on the obturator components and their supporting structures. The qualitative evaluation was done by visual color mapping to identify the stress concentration. RESULTS: In the photoelastic analysis, the anterior abutments of the tripodal showed the highest stress, followed by the fully tripodal obturators, while, in FEA, the anterior abutments of the linear design received the most in both vertical and oblique load. The central incisor received the most stress in photoelastic (3 or more fringe orders) and FEA (687.3 and 150.1 MPa for vertical and oblique loads, respectively), followed by the lateral incisors. Upon posterior loading, the base of the defect of the linear design demonstrated the most stress in photoelastic (3 or more fringes) and FEA (94.3 and 130.5 MPa for vertical and oblique loads, respectively). The acrylic resin base obturator retained with Adams clasps demonstrated the lowest stress distribution in abutments and their supporting bone upon anterior and posterior loads. CONCLUSIONS: Upon vertical and oblique load application, the fully tripodal design was comparable with the tripodal in terms of stress distribution. Both designs were better than the linear in response to the same loading. The stress was concentrated at the anterior palatal part of the obturator, the base of the defect, and the junction of the metal and acrylic resin part of the prostheses upon anterior and posterior loading, respectively.

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This study aims to enhance the tribological properties of automotive applications by examining the effects of TiC content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior. This study investigates the production of Al-TiC composite strips using a novel multi-step densification process combining mechanical alloying and hot rolling with TiC concentrations ranging from 0 to 12 vol%. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive approach to developing and analyzing Al-TiC composite strips using a multistep densification method. This study integrates microstructural analysis, mechanical property evaluation, and detailed tribological behavior assessment under different wear loads (5-25 N). A key innovation is the application of the Abbott Firestone method to analyze worn surfaces, providing insights into optimal wear conditions. The study reveals that increasing the TiC content to 12 vol% significantly improves densification, hardness (up to 268.8% increase), and wear resistance (up to 95% improvement at a 5N load). Dry ball-on-flat sliding wear tests at loads of 5-25N demonstrate that TiC particles hindered complete delamination wear in the composite strips. The Abbott Firestone method analysis of worn surfaces indicated an optimal exploitation zone in the Al-6 vol% TiC composite at both low and high wear loads. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights into optimizing Al-TiC composites for enhanced performance in automotive components that require improved wear resistance.

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Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic connective tissue disease defined by the loss of bone mass and density, which makes the bones more brittle and more likely to fracture over time. Bone deformity and articular instability are the subsequent symptoms. Case report: This 25-year-old man had malformed lower limbs and trouble walking due to OI and dwarfism. He arrived complaining of fever, nausea, vomiting and diffuse peri-umbilical pain. During ultrasonography a blinded, oedematous lobe formation containing an appendicolith was discovered. Acute suppurative appendicitis was diagnosed, necessitating a laparoscopic appendectomy. Because the patient had previously undergone general anaesthesia, anaesthesia was thought to be attainable. Pneumoperitoneum and a 10 mm optical port inserted into the umbilicus were used in the surgical procedure. A diagnostic laparoscopy revealed faecolith obstruction and an acute suppurative appendicitis. After an hour, a laparoscopic appendectomy was performed effectively with little blood loss. Without experiencing any difficulties because of the surgery position, the patient was discharged. Conclusion: We present a case of an OI dwarf patient with acute suppurative appendicitis. It highlights the possibility of performing laparoscopic surgery in general and a laparoscopic appendectomy in particular on OI patients. LEARNING POINTS: In rare instances involving OI, laparoscopic surgery in general and laparoscopic appendectomy in particular are practical and efficient options.

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The present work investigates the electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution (OE) on a glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (nano-Ni) in an alkaline solution. The nano-Ni is electrodeposited from an acidic sulfate electrolyte containing various additives, such as glucose, glycerol, and dimethyl glyoxime. The NPs are characterized morphologically and electrochemically using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The elemental composition and electronic state of the modified electrodes were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A considerable enhancement in electrocatalytic activity, depending on the additives used, is observed. The study also explores the effect of nickel oxide loading to optimize the process. The highest cathodic shift in the onset potential of the oxygen evolution reaction is achieved with nickel oxide deposited in the presence of ethylene glycol.

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Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an integral constituent of cell structures and is instrumental for the nervous, muscular, and immune systems' functions. The sore need for this nutrient may be fulfilled via production based on the fungus Mortierella alpina. The identity of the M. alpina culture obtained from Assiut University, Egypt, was confirmed based on internal transcribed spacer DNA barcoding and elongation enzyme RNA sequencing. Liquid media glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, and diverse micronutritional factors were adjusted for optimal biomass and ARA production. Shake flask cultivation at 25 °C for 7 days produced around 0.570 g of ARA per liter of culture. M. alpina treatment using mutagen 5-fluorouracil and octyl gallate-supplemented glucose-yeast-agar screening plates and shake-flask incubation at 25 °C, then at 20 °C, followed by aging at 10 °C, led to >3 g ARA/liter culture, a yield considered suitable for potential commercial production.

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Owing to their exceptional mechanical properties, the various welding wires used to combine aluminum can meet the needs of many engineering applications that call for components with both good mechanical and lightweight capabilities. This study aims to produce high-quality welds made of AA7075 aluminum alloy using the GTAW technique and various welding wires, such as ER5356, ER4043, and ER4047. The microstructure, macrohardness, and other mechanical characteristics, such as tensile strength and impact toughness, were analyzed experimentally. To check the fracture surface of the AA7075 welded joints, the specimens were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A close examination of the samples that were welded with ER5356 welding wire revealed a fine grain in the weld zone (WZ). In addition, the WZ of the ER4043 and ER4047 welded samples had a coarse grain structure. Because the hardness values of the welded samples were lower in the WZ than in the base metal (BM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ), the joints filled with ER5356 welding wire provided the highest hardness values compared to other filler metals. Additionally, the ER4047 filler metal yielded the lowest hardness in the weld zone. The welding wire of ER5356 produced the greatest results for ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, welding efficiency, and strain-hardening capacity (Hc), whereas the filler metal of ER4043 produced the highest percentage of elongation. In addition, the ER4047 fracture surface morphology revealed coarser and deeper dimples than the ER5356 fine dimples in the welded joints. Finally, the highest impact toughness was obtained at joints filled with the ER4047 filler metal, whereas the lowest impact toughness was obtained at the BM.

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BACKGROUND: The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily encompasses different categories of isoenzymes that contribute to multiple metabolic processes involving drug detoxification, cellular signaling, and the proliferation of malignant tissues. Using genetic technology, customized bioinformatic analysis, and meta-analysis design, the main goal of this study was to identify the association between the CYP1A2*rs762551 variant and the susceptibility to breast carcinoma (BRCA). METHODS: The case-control study was conducted based on 104 BRCA women and 102 healthy controls. Using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay, the CYP1A2 (rs762551; c.-9-154 C>A) variant was genotyped. Bioinformatic frameworks and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the involvement of this genetic variant in BRCA development. A meta-analysis design was accomplished based on our case-control study and other previously published records. Publication bias, heterogeneity between studies, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were analyzed. RESULTS: The CYP1A2*rs762551 variant conferred protection against BRCA development under allelic (OR = 0.48, p-value < 0.001), dominant (OR = 0.34, p-value < 0.001), and recessive (OR = 0.44, p-value = 0.011) models. However, this intronic variant was correlated with a decreased risk of BRCA among late-onset menopause women compared to other cases. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed that this genetic variant has a functional impact on the progression of tumorgenesis. Moreover, this meta-analysis design included 12922 BRCA women and 15603 healthy controls. Our findings disclosed the contribution of the CYP1A2*rs762551 variant with protection against cancer development among Caucasian females under allelic (OR = 0.75, p-value = 0.025), and dominant (OR = 0.58, p-value = 0.015) models. CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study confirmed the contribution of the CYP1A2*rs762551 variant with decreased risk of BRCA development among Egyptian subjects. Moreover, BRCA women with late-onset menopause conferred protection against cancer progression compared to other subjects. Our findings identified that this meta-analysis design achieved protection against BRCA development among Caucasian women compared to other ethnicities.

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This is a retrospective study exploring the demographics and the role of nasal septum deviation in acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFS); and if this deviation contributes to the laterality predilection of this opportunistic infection. Fifty-six craniofacial CT scans were evaluated by two radiologists blinded to the clinical data and outcome for laterality of the disease; and nasal septal deviation (NSD). NSD was graded based on the measured septal angle of deviation into mild, moderate, and severe and furtherly classified into one of seven types based on Mladina's classification. High prevalence of remarkable nasal septum deviation existed in our population with AIFS, with type 7 Mldina NSD represented the most prevalent in this population. We found no significant statistical relation between the side of deviation and the initial side of the fungal disease. We recommend screening for early manifestations of AIFS in similar debilitated patients; with high degrees of nasal septum deviation for considering it as an anatomical risk factor.

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Metastasis of prostate cancer to the gastrointestinal tract is infrequently described in the literature, with only a limited number of cases reporting metastasis to the rectum. We present a rare case of a 74-year-old man initially presenting with symptomatic anemia and weight loss. A colonoscopy revealed a sessile polyp in the splenic flexure. Microscopic examination of the specimen showed micro-acinar structures, and immunohistochemical staining was positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and NKX3.1. Subsequently, elevated serum PSA levels and staging computed tomography (CT) findings, in conjunction with histopathological analysis, confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma.

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IMPORTANCE: Patients with breast cancer residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities often face poorer outcomes (eg, mortality) compared with individuals living in neighborhoods without persistent poverty. OBJECTIVE: To examine persistent neighborhood poverty and breast tumor characteristics, surgical treatment, and mortality. DESIGN, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective cohort analysis of women aged 18 years or older diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, and followed up until December 31, 2020, was conducted. Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, and data analysis was performed from August 2023 to March 2024. EXPOSURE: Residence in areas affected by persistent poverty is defined as a condition where 20% or more of the population has lived below the poverty level for approximately 30 years. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: All-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS: Among 312 145 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.9 [13.3] years), 20 007 (6.4%) lived in a CT with persistent poverty. Compared with individuals living in areas without persistent poverty, patients residing in persistently impoverished CTs were more likely to identify as Black (8735 of 20 007 [43.7%] vs 29 588 of 292 138 [10.1%]; P < .001) or Hispanic (2605 of 20 007 [13.0%] vs 23 792 of 292 138 [8.1%]; P < .001), and present with more-aggressive tumor characteristics, including higher grade disease, triple-negative breast cancer, and advanced stage. A higher proportion of patients residing in areas with persistent poverty underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Living in a persistently impoverished CT was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer-specific (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17) and all-cause (AHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.18) mortality. As early as 3 years following diagnosis, mortality risks diverged for both breast cancer-specific (rate ratio [RR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.68-1.92) and all-cause (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.56-1.70) mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of women aged 18 years or older diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer between 2010 and 2018, living in neighborhoods characterized by persistent poverty had implications on tumor characteristics, surgical management, and mortality.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease caused by the loss or degeneration of the dopaminergic (dopamine-producing) neurons in the brain and characterized by various inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the neuronal cells. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) axis is responsible for neuronal survival by providing a number of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic milieu that prevent the progression of PD. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural cofactor that has antioxidant capacity and contributes to various metabolic processes. ALA can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and contribute to numerous neuroprotective effects. It can activate PI3K/AKT pathway with consequent reduction of different inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers. Our work aims to unfold the neuroprotective effects of ALA via targeting PI3k/AKT pathway. Forty male mice were divided into four groups: control, ALA (100 mg/kg/day; i.p.), rotenone (ROT) (1.5 mg/kg/2 days, i.p.) and rotenone + ALA for 21 days. ALA showed obvious neuroprotective effects via significant activation of PI3K/AKT pathway with subsequent decreasing level of Caspase-3. ALA resulted in prominent anti-inflammatory actions by decreasing interlukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor kabba (NFk)-B. ALA remarkably induced antioxidant activities via increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The substantial behavioral improvement reflected in these results was noticed in the ALA-treated mice as a reflection of the neuroprotective activities of ALA. In conclusion, ALA showed promising neuroprotective effects in rotenone-induced PD via activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and consequent inhibition of apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers.

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The current study was designed to assess the impact of L-carnitine (LC) supplementation in the drinking water of growing Alexandria-line rabbits on performance and physiological parameters. Two hundred eighty-eight 35-day-old rabbits were divided into four groups of twenty-four replicates each (seventy-two rabbits/treatment). The treatment groups were a control group without LC and three groups receiving 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L LC in the drinking water intermittently. The results showed that the group receiving 0.5 g LC/L exhibited significant improvements in final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and performance index compared to the other groups. The feed intake remained unaffected except for the 1.5 g LC/L group, which had significantly decreased intake. Hematological parameters improved in all supplemented groups. Compared with those in the control group, the 0.5 g LC/L group showed significant increases in serum total protein and high-density lipoprotein, along with decreased cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Compared to other supplemented groups, this group also demonstrated superior carcass traits (carcass, dressing, giblets, and percentage of nonedible parts). In conclusion, intermittent supplementation of LC in the drinking water, particularly at 0.5 g/L twice a week, positively influenced the productivity, hematology, serum lipid profile, and carcass traits of Alexandria-line growing rabbits at 84 days of age.

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Pesticide contamination has become a global concern. Pesticides can sorb onto suspended particles and deposit into the sedimentary layers of aquatic environments, resulting in ecosystem degradation, pollution, and diseases. Pesticides impact the behavior of aquatic environments by contaminating organic matter in water, which serves as the primary food source for aquatic food webs. Pesticide residues can increase ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate in aquatic systems; thus, threatening ecological environment and human health. Several physical, chemical, and biological methodologies have been implemented to effectively remove pesticide traces from aquatic environments. The present review highlights the potential consequences of pesticide exposure on fish and humans, focusing on the (epi)genetic alterations affecting growth, behavior, and immune system. Mitigation strategies (e.g., bioremediation) to prevent/minimize the detrimental impacts of pesticides are also discussed. This review aims to shed light on the awareness in reducing the risk of water pollution for safe and sustainable pesticide management.

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The fibrous wastes generated from the mills of textile production can be recycled and converted into high add-values products to be implemented in several applications. The current study aimed to employ commercial free cellulase enzyme to partially hydrolyze (activate) the polyester cotton blended (PET/C) fibrous wastes by creation functional groups such as OH and COOH on their surfaces. The activated fibrous wastes were then modified by coating with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) biosynthesized by actinobacterial cultures free supernatant. The isolate was identified as Streptomyces pseudogriseolus with accession number of OR574241. The conditions that influence the actino-synthesis of ZnO-NPs were optimized and the product was characterized using spectroscopic vision, FTIR, XRD, TEM and SEM. The characteristic ZnO peaks were obviously observed by EDX analysis with 0.38 and 0.75% (wt%), respectively. TEM analyses proved the nanoscale of ZnO-NPs (5-15 nm) which was followed by cytotoxic evaluation for the produced NPs. Fortunately, the tested actino-ZnO-NPs didn't have any cytotoxicity against human normal fibroblast cell line (BJ1), which means that the product can be safely used in a direct-contact with human skin. The treated PET/C blended waste fabrics coated with ZnO-NPs showed high antimicrobial activity and ultraviolet protection values after functionalization by cellulase. EDX analysis demonstrates the presence of Zn peaks on the coated fabrics compared with their absence in blank and control samples, while SEM images showed the formation of a thin layer of ZnO-NPs on the fabric surface. The obtained smart textile can be applied several needed sectors.

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This study introduces an experimental investigation of a novel direct trend evaporative cooler based on a ground-air heat exchanger (GAHE) using porous clay vessels as an evaporation media under a variety of operational conditions, including air flow rate, inlet air temperature, temperature of inlet water, and in air humidity. The evaluation of the GAHE performance was based on the air-cooling effect, wet-bulb and dew-point efficiencies, energy efficiency ratio, water evaporation rate, specific water evaporation, specific cooling capacity, specific total cost, and CO2 emission rate. The influences of dry-bulb temperature, the incoming air's relative humidity (RH), and six air flow rates ranging from 11 to 25 L/s on the performance are investigated and discussed. Results indicated that increasing the air flow rate leads to an increase in the cooling capacity. Energy efficiency ratio (EER) reaches the highest value of about 25.5 recorded at 3:00 PM with air flow rate = 11 L/s. The lowest EER value is approximately 7.2 when the measured inlet and outlet temperatures are the closest at 7:00 PM, with a flow rate of 25 L/s. Increasing the air flow rate from 11 to 17 L/s increased the wet bulb efficiency, and the airflow rate was inversely proportional to wet-bulb efficiency. The maximum and minimum average dew-point efficiencies are 64% and 58% at 17 L/s and 22 L/s respectively. The water evaporation rate increases by 182.1%, increasing the air flow rate from 11 to 25 L/s.

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The precise estimation of solar PV cell parameters has become increasingly important as solar energy deployment expands. Due to the intricate and nonlinear characteristics of solar PV cells, meta-heuristic algorithms show greater promise than traditional ones for parameter estimation. This study utilizes the Puffer Fish (PF) meta-heuristic optimization method, inspired by male puffer fish's circular structures, to estimate parameters of a modified four-diode PV cell. The PF algorithm's performance is assessed against ten benchmark test functions, with results presented as mean and standard deviation for validation. Comparative analysis with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Rat Search Algorithm (RAT), Heap Based Optimizer (HBO), and Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithms highlights PF's superior performance, achieving optimal solutions with minimal error of 7.8947E-08. Statistical tests, including Friedman Ranking (1st) and Wilcoxon's rank sum (3.8108E-07), confirm PF's superiority. The circular structures of male puffer fish serve as an effective model for optimization algorithms, enhancing parameter estimation. Benchmark tests and statistical analysis consistently underscore PF's superiority over other meta-heuristic algorithms. Future research should explore PF's potential applications in solar energy and beyond.

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BACKGROUND: Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals, has gained significant attention due to its potential health benefits. However, the accurate and sensitive determination of resveratrol in complex matrices remains a challenge. In this study, we propose the utilization of bimetallic porous Mn/Co oxide nanosheets (MnCoO-NSs) as catalysts for the colorimetric determination of resveratrol. RESULTS: The bimetallic porous MnCoO-NSs were prepared through a facile one-stone-two-birds strategy. These nanosheets exhibited superior oxidase-mimicking activity, as evidenced by the catalytic oxidation of the chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), producing a blue-colored oxTMB species with a prominent absorbance peak at 655 nm. The catalytic activity was promoted through the production of superoxide anion (O2•-), which enhanced the affinity of MnCoO-NSs to the TMB molecules. Upon the addition of resveratrol, the oxidation process was inhibited, resulting in rapid fading of the blue color. This colorimetric sensing platform exhibited a linear response to resveratrol concentrations over the range of 2.2-87.6 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.210 µM. The method was further applied for the determination of resveratrol in different matrices including biological fluids, pharmaceuticals, and environmental water. SIGNIFICANCE: The utilization of these MnCoO-NSs offers a simple and cost-effective alternative to conventional analytical techniques for the determination of resveratrol. Their high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability enable accurate measurements of resveratrol in various complex matrices. This research has implications in areas such as pharmaceutical analysis, biomedical research, and environmental analysis, where the reliable determination of resveratrol is crucial for assessing its therapeutic potential and ensuring product quality.

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