RESUMEN
Five new quinone pigments have been discovered from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus, Humicola and Botryotrichum species isolated from different soil samples. These compounds inhibit serine proteases of the coagulation pathway. Their structures which differ in the identity and position of a 5-carbon side chain on the indole moiety have been elucidated based on NMR and FAB-MS experiments.
Asunto(s)
Hongos/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Serina Proteinasa/farmacología , Aspergillus/química , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Hongos/química , Indoles/química , Indoles/metabolismo , Indoles/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Hongos Mitospóricos/química , Hongos Mitospóricos/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Quinonas/química , Quinonas/metabolismo , Quinonas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Serina Proteinasa/química , Microbiología del Suelo , Espectrometría de Masa Bombardeada por Átomos Veloces/métodosAsunto(s)
Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Medicina Tradicional , Plantas Medicinales , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Espirostanos , Animales , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósidos/farmacología , Guatemala , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Saponinas/farmacología , OvinosRESUMEN
Experiments on the incorporation of D- and L-[alanine-3-13C,2-15N]tryptophan into the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin in Pseudomonas aureofaciens confirmed earlier conclusions about the conversion of L-tryptophan into pyrrolnitrin. They also demonstrated that a fraction of the D isomer is incorporated without breakage of the 15N-carbon bond, consistent with the operation of a second pathway from D-tryptophan to pyrrolnitrin. Cell-free experiments confirmed the conversion of 3-(o-aminophenyl)pyrrole into aminopyrrolnitrin but failed to detect enzymatic oxidation of the latter to pyrrolnitrin.
Asunto(s)
Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Pirrolnitrina/biosíntesis , Triptófano/metabolismo , Alanina/metabolismo , Isótopos de Carbono , Dipéptidos/metabolismo , Isótopos de Nitrógeno , Pseudomonas/química , Estereoisomerismo , Triptófano/químicaRESUMEN
Omphalone, a new antibiotic, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic pigment has been isolated from fermentations of a Canadian strain of Lentinellus omphalodes. Its structure has been established as 2-(4-methylfuran-2-yl)-1,4-benzoquinone (1) by spectroscopic investigations and conversion into leuco-acetate 2.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Basidiomycota/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Benzoquinonas/aislamiento & purificación , Benzoquinonas/farmacología , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/metabolismo , Replicación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , ADN de Neoplasias/biosíntesis , Fermentación , Furanos/aislamiento & purificación , Furanos/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biosíntesis , ARN Neoplásico/biosíntesis , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , EspectrofotometríaRESUMEN
Three new inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis have been isolated from cultures of Xerula melanotricha and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Dihydroxerulin (1) in admixture with xerulin (2) strongly inhibits the incorporation of 14C- acetate into cholesterol in HeLa cells while the incorporation of 14C-mevalonate is not affected. Xerulinic acid (3) shows similar biological activities but a higher cytotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Agaricales/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacología , Lactonas/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Anticolesterolemiantes/química , Anticolesterolemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Diinos , Fermentación , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of nosiheptide have been assigned by use of 2D NMR techniques on unlabeled samples and biosynthetically multiple-labeled samples from stable isotope feeding experiments.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Isótopos de Carbono , Hidrógeno , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , TiazolesRESUMEN
The use of 2D NMR techniques on unlabeled and biosynthetically multiple 13C-labeled samples enabled us to refine the 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments for thiostrepton.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Tioestreptona , Isótopos de Carbono , Hidrógeno , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Tioestreptona/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Pilatin, a new marasmane derivative, was isolated from fermentations of the cyphelloid fungus Flagelloscypha pilatii. Its structure was determined by chemical and physical methods. Pilatin inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi at concentrations of 5-50 micrograms/ml. The compound is highly cytotoxic. The incorporation of thymidine and uridine into DNA and RNA in Ehrlich carcinoma ascitic cells is strongly inhibited by pilatin. Like marasmic acid pilatin causes frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/aislamiento & purificación , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/farmacología , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Conformación Molecular , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A new antimicrobial and cytotoxic sesquiterpenoid, lentinellic acid, has been isolated from submerged cultures of Lentinellus ursinus and L. omphalodes. The structure of the antibiotic was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and a single crystal X-ray analysis. 1 may be formed biogenetically by condensation of a protoilludane aldehyde 4 with a malonate unit.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Basidiomycota/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Fermentación , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Two new antifungal (E)-beta-methoxyacrylates, strobilurin C and oudemansin B, were isolated from cultures of Xerula longipes and Xerula melanotricha. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Both antibiotics inhibit the growth of a wide variety of saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi at very low concentrations. Like strobilurins A, B, and oudemansin A the new metabolites are potent inhibitors of respiration.