RESUMEN
Our goal was to determine if relative bioavailability values (RBV) for fats and oils (lipids) determined in adult roosters are different than RBV determined with young broiler chickens. Lipids that were expected to have widely varying ME content were evaluated using a slope-ratio approach in adult roosters (Exp. 1) via the precision-fed rooster assay (PFRA) and broiler chicks via a growth assay (Exp. 2). The same lipids were tested in both experiments and were refined corn oil (RCO), a 2:1 blend of stearic acid (C18:0) with RCO (SAB1), a 1:1 blend of C18:0 with RCO (SAB2), tallow (TW), poultry fat (PF), and corn oil from a corn ethanol plant (DDGSCO). In Exp. 1, roosters were tube-fed diets containing 0, 5, and 10% of supplemental lipid in ground corn. In Exp. 2, diets consisted of 0, 5, and 10% supplemental lipid in an amino-acid fortified corn-soybean meal diet. Chicks were limit-fed test diets from 10 to 20 d posthatch to maintain energy as the growth-limiting factor. The TMEn of diets or BW gain of chicks were regressed on supplemental lipid level. The RBV were calculated as the regression coefficient of the test lipid divided by that of RCO. For Exp. 1 a non-linear response was observed for SAB2; however, the RBV for SAB1 (22%), TW (72%), PF (96%), and DDGSCO (90%) were as expected. The RBV of SAB1 and TW were lower (P < 0.001) than RCO, while PF and DDGSCO were not different than RCO. For Exp. 2, BW increased linearly in proportion to the energy content of the lipid sources. The RBV of SAB1 (22%), SAB2 (46%), and TW (76%), were lower (P < 0.001) than RCO, while PF (96%) and DDGSCO (97%) were not different than RCO. Excellent agreement was obtained for RBV between the two assays, with rooster and chick values being similar and the ranking of the lipids being the same for the two assays.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Pollos/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Dieta/veterinaria , Masculino , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There is limited knowledge of the foot lesions that influence the outcome of palmar/plantar digital neurectomy (PDN). OBJECTIVES: 1) To report the short- and long-term outcomes of horses that underwent PDN to alleviate chronic foot pain due to lesions diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2) factors that may influence the outcome of PDN. STUDY DESIGN: Multicentre retrospective study. METHODS: Medical records of 50 horses subjected to PDN due to chronic foot pain were reviewed. Age, breed, sex, athletic activity, duration of lameness, affected limb(s), response to anaesthesia of the palmar/plantar digital nerves, MRI findings and surgical technique were analysed together with follow-up data to identify factors that influenced the long-term outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-six of 50 horses (92%) responded positively to surgery; 40 (80%) were able to return to their previous athletic use for a median time of 20 months (range: 12-72 months). Eighteen (36%) horses developed post operative complications including residual lameness, painful neuromas, or early recurrence of lameness. Horses with pre-existing core or linear lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) had significantly shorter periods of lameness resolution after surgery than horses with dorsal border lesions of the DDFT or other foot lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Palmar/plantar digital neurectomy can improve or resolve lameness in horses with foot pain unresponsive to medical therapy without serious post operative complications. However, horses with core or linear lesions of the DDFT should not be subjected to PDN as these horses experience residual lameness or early recurrent lameness after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to identify these horses.
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Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/cirugía , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/veterinaria , Dolor/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades del Pie/cirugía , Miembro Anterior/cirugía , Miembro Posterior/cirugía , Caballos , Dolor/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This paper compares the use of general and local anaesthetic in patients having deep brain stimulator (DBS) surgery. It is a retrospective case note study of 46 patients treated consecutively with subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease as practise changed in a Neurosurgical unit. METHODS: The first 20 patients (LA group) had permanent electrodes placed under local anaesthesia. The remaining 26 patients (GA group) had the entire procedure under general anaesthesia. The groups were similar for age, sex, duration of Parkinson's disease and preoperative levodopa requirement. RESULTS: The clinical results were similar in that within each group, the reduction in levodopa was not only clinically but also statistically significant (p < 0.001 for both, paired t test): for the LA group, the 6-month requirement was 39.4% (29.5-52.6%) of the preoperative requirement and for the GA group, the 6-month requirement was 32.3% (25.2-41.5%) of the preoperative requirement. The reduction in levodopa was maintained at 1 year. Of note, duration of surgery and length of stay were reduced. The mean duration of surgery was 8.2 h (7.8-8.6) for the LA group and 7.5 h (7.2-7.8) for the GA group (p = 0.003). The geometric mean of length of hospital stay was 5.4 days(4.6-6.3) for the LA group and 3.8 days (3.4-4.4) for the GA group (p = 0.001) There was no difference in electrophysiological recording. CONCLUSION: This study describes benefits in the GA group for the entire procedure of STN DBS. In these samples, there was no difference in the adverse effects seen in patients undergoing deep brain stimulator insertion with general anaesthetic compared with local anaesthetic. The use of general anaesthetic did not detract from the known benefits of surgery.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia General , Anestesia Local , Estimulación Encefálica Profunda , Electrodos Implantados , Enfermedad de Parkinson/terapia , Antiparkinsonianos/administración & dosificación , Inglaterra , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagenología Tridimensional , Tiempo de Internación , Levodopa/administración & dosificación , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Núcleo Subtalámico/fisiopatología , Estudios de Tiempo y MovimientoRESUMEN
The major hemelipoglyco-carrier protein (CP) found throughout the development of male and female adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) was sequenced. DvCP is a single transcript coding for two protein subunits that together contain three motifs: (1) a lipoprotein n-terminal domain that is a common attribute of proteins that bind lipids, carbohydrates and metals; (2) a domain of unknown function characteristic of proteins with several large open beta sheets; and (3) a von Willebrand factor type D domain near the carboxy-terminus apparently important for multimerization. These motifs, which are also found in tick vitellogenin, are not shared by heme-binding proteins studied thus far in other hematophagous insects. DvCP message was highest in fat body and salivary gland but was also found in midgut and ovary tissue. Expression was initiated by blood feeding in virgin females and not by mating, as is typical of tick vitellogenin; and the message was found in fed males at levels similar to part fed, virgin females. CP appears to be highly conserved among the Ixodida. The closest match by BlastP to DvCP is vitellogenin from Caenorhabditis elegans (AAC04423), suggesting that CP is a novel protein. The role of CP in heme sequestration, the evolution of hematophagy and host complementation are discussed.
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Dermacentor/genética , Glicoproteínas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Glicoproteínas/química , Hemolinfa/química , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Especificidad de Órganos , Péptidos/química , Filogenia , Conejos , Ratas , Saliva/química , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoAsunto(s)
Malformaciones Arteriovenosas , Absceso Encefálico , Arteria Pulmonar/anomalías , Venas Pulmonares/anomalías , Adulto , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/complicaciones , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Absceso Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Absceso Encefálico/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Arteria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Circulación Pulmonar/fisiología , Venas Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventilación Pulmonar/fisiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Relación Ventilacion-Perfusión/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy of cefotaxime in the management of brain abscesses caused by Streptococcus milleri. Twenty two patients with a S. milleri brain abscess were treated with metronidazole and cefotaxime, in accordance with recent recommendations by the British Society Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC). Seven patients who had Glasgow Coma Scales < or =11 also received rifampicin and high dose cefotaxime. The clinical response of the patients was determined. METHOD: A retrospective study at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham covering the period April 1996-March 2004 was carried out. Neurosurgical and anti-microbial therapeutic approaches were reviewed. Any evidence of improvement of clinical features and radiological disappearance of brain abscesses were determined. RESULTS: Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 and 6 months from the time of surgical intervention. Eighteen patients (82%) had a good outcome by 6 months, with an outcome score of 4-5. Thirteen patients resumed normal life despite minor deficits (GOS 5), while a further five patients had moderate disability though remained independent (GOS 4). One patient had a GOS of 3 and there were three deaths (14). The minimum time to radiological resolution of the abscess was within 1 month in six cases (27) These all represented solitary lesions that required a single drainage procedure in conjunction with 4 weeks of intravenous cefotaxime and metronidazole. Ten cases (45%) had resolution within 4 months and a further three cases took at least 6 months from the time of surgery to show radiological clearance. CONCLUSIONS: This cohort of patients responded favourably to the guidelines recommended by the BSAC. This was confirmed by the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS 4-5) at 6 months review. Cefotaxime at a higher dose with rifampicin was prescribed for patients presenting with a decreased conscious level (GCS 8-11), subsequent failure of anticipated clinical improvement or clinical deterioration. There was no clinically significant difference in GOS between the two treatment groups. An algorithm for management of brain abscess is presented, based on our clinical experience and review of the literature.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Absceso Encefálico/tratamiento farmacológico , Cefotaxima/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Streptococcus milleri (Grupo) , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Algoritmos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Absceso Encefálico/epidemiología , Absceso Encefálico/cirugía , Causalidad , Cefotaxima/farmacología , Estudios de Cohortes , Drenaje , Femenino , Escala de Consecuencias de Glasgow , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/farmacología , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rifampin/farmacología , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/cirugía , Streptococcus milleri (Grupo)/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To define the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative electrophysiological recording in targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease and to determine accuracy of electrode placement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We implanted 54 electrodes into the STN in 27 patients. Target planning was done by coordinate guidelines and visualising the STN on MRI and defined in relation to the mid-point of the AC-PC line. Intraoperative microelectrode recording was used. We adjusted electrode positions for placement in the centre of the STN electrical activity and verified this on postoperative MRI in 16 cases, which were fused to the preoperative images to measure actual error in electrode placement in the three axes. RESULTS: Based on coordinate calculation and MRI localisation, the mean of the target was 11.5 mm lateral, 2.5 mm posterior and 4.1 mm inferior to the mid-point of the AC-PC line. Fifty good electrophysiological recordings of the STN (average length 4.65 mm) were achieved and target point adjusted in 90% of lead placements. The mean of the final target after electrophysiological correction was 11.7 mm lateral, 2.1 mm posterior, and 3.8 mm inferior to the mid-point. The distance from the centre of the electrode artefact to the final target used after electrophysiological recording on the fused images was 0.48 mm, 0.69 mm, and 2.9 mm in the x, y, and z axes, respectively. No postoperative MRI related complication was observed. CONCLUSION: Both direct visualisation of the STN on MRI and intraoperative electrophysiological recording are important in defining the best target. Individual variations exist in the location of the STN target. Fewer tracks were required to define STN activity on the side operated first. Our current stereotactic method of electrode placement is relatively accurate.
Asunto(s)
Estimulación Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/terapia , Núcleo Subtalámico/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Electrodos , Electrofisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Núcleo Subtalámico/patologíaRESUMEN
A case of intramedullary spinal metastasis presenting 14 months after excision of the primary anaplastic cerebral oligodendroglioma is presented. To the best of our knowledge, less than 10 cases of spinal metastasis have been reported in the world literature.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Oligodendroglioma/secundario , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/secundario , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oligodendroglioma/patología , Oligodendroglioma/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/patologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the utility of arm and leg oxygen saturation as a candidate screening test for the early detection of ductal-dependent left heart obstructive disease. We measured arm and leg oxygen saturation in 2876 newborns admitted to well baby nurseries and 32 newborns with congenital heart disease. Fifty-seven newborns in the well baby nurseries (0.02%) had an abnormal test (leg saturation less than 92% in room air or 7% lower saturation in the leg than in the arm). Four of the 57 had critical congenital heart disease, including 1 with coarctation of the aorta. Of the 32 newborns with congenital heart disease, 11/13 (85%) with left heart obstructive disease had abnormal oxygen saturation tests, as did 15/19 (79%) with other forms of congenital heart disease. Pulse oximetry deserves further study as a screening test for critical congenital heart disease.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías Congénitas/diagnóstico , Oxígeno/sangre , Baltimore/epidemiología , Peso al Nacer/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Cohortes , Ecocardiografía , Extremidades/irrigación sanguínea , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Edad Gestacional , Cardiopatías Congénitas/fisiopatología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Bienestar del Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Oximetría , Prevalencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Salud Suburbana , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
A 17-year-old male with occult cleft palate presented with depressed-consciousness due to spontaneous frontal extradural haematoma associated with sinusitis. Craniotomy, evacuation of the haematoma and drainage of the frontal sinuses led to a full recovery. Spontaneous extradural haematomas secondary to craniofacial infections are very rare; this appears to be the first described with a coexisting congenital palatal abnormality. The diagnosis should be considered when signs of infection are present with depressed consciousness as a delay in treatment may result in death.
Asunto(s)
Fisura del Paladar/complicaciones , Sinusitis Frontal/complicaciones , Hematoma Epidural Craneal/etiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/complicaciones , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/complicaciones , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Sinusitis Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma Epidural Craneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones Oportunistas/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The effect of arsenic compounds depends on the chemical form and is specific for certain organs. The lack of specific biological indicators for the effects of each arsenic species makes it difficult to differentiate their toxicity. Five prospective biological indicators of systemic toxicity were examined at time points ranging from 15 min to 24 h using male Sprague-Dawley rats, B6C3F1 mice, Golden-Syrian hamsters, and Hartley guinea pigs, following intraperitoneal dosing with 0.1 and 1 mg/kg sodium arsenite. Rats and mice were also dosed with 1 mg/kg sodium arsenate. Total blood arsenic levels were determined in all animal species to show that exposure occurred and as an index of the severity of the change is an indicator of toxicity. Total blood arsenic levels were increased in all animal species. This increase was dose, arsenic species, and animal dependent. Renal pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased at early time points in mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs, and at later time points in rats dosed with arsenite. Rats and mice dosed with arsenate also exhibited PDH decrease at early time points. Blood hematocrit and glucose were increased in the rat and guinea pig, respectively, after arsenite administration. Creatinine and urea nitrogen were found to be unresponsive to arsenic in most animal species. Data suggested that the mouse and secondly the hamster appear to be the most appropriate animal models for the study of acute arsenic toxicity.
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Arseniatos/toxicidad , Arsenitos/toxicidad , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidad , Compuestos de Sodio/toxicidad , Animales , Arsénico/sangre , Glucemia , Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangre , Cricetinae , Cobayas , Hematócrito , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/enzimología , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Ratones , Complejo Piruvato Deshidrogenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Complejo Piruvato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Especificidad de la EspecieAsunto(s)
Stents , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/terapia , Anciano , Nutrición Enteral/instrumentación , Estenosis Esofágica/terapia , Gastrostomía/instrumentación , Gastrostomía/métodos , Humanos , Intubación Gastrointestinal/instrumentación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía por Aspiración/terapiaRESUMEN
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a well recognised pathogen of farm animals, particularly sheep and goats. Human infection is a rare occurrence. This report describes suppurative lymphadenitis occurring in an adolescent boy who had contact with farm animals. The histological differential diagnosis of suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis is discussed, and the importance of lymph node culture is stressed.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Corynebacterium/patología , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Linfadenitis/microbiología , Adolescente , Biopsia , Humanos , Linfadenitis/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
Three experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [(1,25-(OH)2D3)] on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in chickens divergently selected for high (HTD) and low (LTD) incidences of TD. In Experiment 1, chickens from the two lines were fed two calcium levels (0.75 and 1.0%), with and without 5 micrograms/ kg dietary 1,25-(OH)2D3. In Experiment 2, both lines were fed diets containing 1.0% calcium and 0, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg 1,25-(OH)2D3. The addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 did not reduce the overall incidence of TD in Experiment 1, but did reduce the incidence of severe TD from 69 to 48% in the chickens receiving the 0.75% calcium diet. In this experiment, LTD chickens had higher plasma phosphorus and bone ash. No line differences were noted between plasma vitamin D metabolites or intestinal vitamin D receptors. In Experiment 2, 5 micrograms/kg of 1,25-(OH)2D3 decreased the incidence of TD from 94 to 76% and number three scores from 69 to 44% (P < or = 0.001). Higher amounts of 1,25-(OH)2D3 further decreased TD, but there was a reduction in body weight above 5 micrograms/kg. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D3] and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were higher and intestinal vitamin D receptors were lower in HTD chickens than in LTD chickens. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 was not affected by dietary treatment, but 25-(OH)D3 was reduced by dietary 1,25-(OH)2D3. Experiment 3 was conducted to examine effects of line and dietary 1,25-(OH)2D3 on plasma vitamin D metabolites and intestinal and growth plate receptors. No effect of genetic line or dietary 1,25-(OH)2D3 was observed for vitamin D receptors concentration or plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels. Plasma 25-(OH)D3 was reduced when 1,25-(OH)2D3 was fed. These results indicate that HTD chickens are somewhat responsive to dietary 1,25-(OH)2D3, but this treatment failed to prevent the lesion in a large portion of the population.
Asunto(s)
Calcitriol/farmacología , Pollos/anomalías , Pollos/genética , Anomalías Congénitas/veterinaria , Miembro Posterior/anomalías , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Tibia , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Calcifediol/sangre , Calcitriol/administración & dosificación , Calcitriol/sangre , Anomalías Congénitas/epidemiología , Anomalías Congénitas/genética , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Alimentos Fortificados , Placa de Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Placa de Crecimiento/metabolismo , Incidencia , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Masculino , Osteocondrodisplasias/epidemiología , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and several cholecalciferol metabolites on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and other parameters associated with vitamin D metabolism in chickens selected for high (HTD) and low (LTD) incidence of TD. In Experiment 1, exposure of chickens to UV light reduced the incidence and severity of TD more in LTD chickens than in HTD chickens, as evident by the significant interactions (P < 0.10 and 0.04). In Experiment 2, the addition of cholecalciferol to diets that were deficient in cholecalciferol linearly decreased the incidence of vitamin D rickets and increased bone ash, but increased the incidence of severe TD. The LTD chickens had a higher maximal bone ash of 40.0 +/- 0.7% than did the HTD chickens, which had a maximal bone ash of 37.0 +/- 0.7%. In Experiment 3, the addition of 5 micrograms/kg of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D3], 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol decreased the incidence and severity of TD in the LTD chickens and had no effect on TD in HTD chickens. In Experiment 4, increasing dietary 25-(OH)D3 increased plasma 25-(OH)D3 levels in both lines, but HTD chickens had higher plasma 25-(OH)D3 levels at 20 and 40 micrograms/kg of dietary 25-(OH)D3. The incidence and severity of TD were reduced in the LTD chickens by dietary 25-(OH)D3, but little effect was noted in HTD chickens. The LTD chickens reached a maximal bone ash at 9.7 +/- 1.9 micrograms/kg and HTD chickens reached the same bone ash at 33.0 +/- 7.0 micrograms/kg. These results indicate that UV light and vitamin D metabolites are not effective in preventing TD in HTD chickens, but that altered vitamin D metabolism does exist between HTD and LTD chickens.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/anomalías , Pollos/genética , Colecalciferol/farmacología , Anomalías Congénitas/veterinaria , Miembro Posterior/anomalías , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Tibia , Rayos Ultravioleta , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Calcio/sangre , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Anomalías Congénitas/epidemiología , Anomalías Congénitas/genética , Anomalías Congénitas/prevención & control , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Alimentos Fortificados , Incidencia , Masculino , Osteocondrodisplasias/epidemiología , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/prevención & control , Fosfatos/sangreRESUMEN
This article describes a federally funded nurse managed community health organization that treats the elderly. The innovative community-focused model uses the nurse as case manager to provide health promotion, screening, and early interventions to clients enrolled in the Community Nursing Organization (CNO). It explains the advantages of integrating advanced practice nurses into the nursing staff to provide both direct care to clients and teaching/conculation to the nursing staff. The CNO demonstrates that advanced practice nurses possess autonomous practice skills and are able to integrate preventive and curative care across practice sites.
Asunto(s)
Manejo de Caso/organización & administración , Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/organización & administración , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Promoción de la Salud , Personas Imposibilitadas , Humanos , New York , Enfermeras PracticantesRESUMEN
Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] and a commercial phytase on P utilization by broiler males. Experiment 1 was conducted with three levels of total dietary P (0.45,0.55, and 0.65%) in corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 5 micrograms/kg of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 600 units/kg of phytase, or the combination of these supplements in a factorial arrangement from 0 to 21 d in battery brooders. A second experiment was conducted with a similar design except that it was carried out in floor pens for a period of 35 d. In Experiment 1, maximal BW was obtained at 0.65% P in chicks receiving the basal diet, 0.55% P in chicks receiving phytase or 1,25-(OH)2D3, and 0.45% P in chicks fed both supplements. Bone ash for chicks receiving the basal, phytase, 1,25-(OH)2D3, and combination treatments at 0.45% total dietary P were 26.6, 34.9, 35.1, and 38.8%. There were significant interactions between phytase and 1,25-(OH)2D3 for BW, bone ash, and incidence of rickets. Similar results were noticed in Experiment 2, with the exception that 1,25-(OH)2D3 had little influence on BW from 0 to 3 wk, likely due to slightly higher dietary P. From 3 to 5 wk, BW and bone ash were increased by each supplement and further increased by their combination. These interactions suggest different mechanisms of action for these supplements in influencing phytate P utilization.
Asunto(s)
6-Fitasa/farmacología , Calcitriol/farmacología , Pollos , Fósforo/metabolismo , Ácido Fítico/metabolismo , 6-Fitasa/administración & dosificación , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Calcitriol/administración & dosificación , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Alimentos Fortificados , Masculino , Fósforo/sangre , Fósforo Dietético/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Raquitismo/prevención & control , Raquitismo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] and a commercial phytase product on Ca and P requirements of 0- to 21-d-old broiler males. These experiments were conducted with four levels of dietary Ca and P in corn-soybean diets with and without supplementation of 5 micrograms/kg of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 600 units/kg of phytase, and the combination of these supplements. The results show that these levels of phytase and 1,25-(OH)2D3 can replace up to 0.1% of the inorganic P for criteria such as BW, bone ash, and plasma P. Both supplements increased phytate P retention, whereas higher levels of Ca and P decreased phytate P retention. The addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3, but not phytase, reduced Ca requirements and decreased the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. The combination of these levels of phytase and 1,25-(OH)2D3 replaced 0.2% inorganic P for criteria such as BW, bone ash, and P rickets. Total dietary P requirements are estimated to be between 0.55 and 0.60% at the levels of phytase and 1,25-(OH)2D3, listed above, or 0.45% when the combination is added. The Ca requirements are estimated to be 0.77% when 1,25-(OH)2D3 is added to the diet and 0.9 to 0.95% when phytase is added.
Asunto(s)
6-Fitasa/farmacología , Calcitriol/farmacología , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Pollos , Fósforo Dietético/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fítico/metabolismo , 6-Fitasa/administración & dosificación , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Calcitriol/administración & dosificación , Alimentos Fortificados , Masculino , Necesidades Nutricionales , Fósforo/deficiencia , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Raquitismo/prevención & control , Raquitismo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Participation in a demonstration program allowed the VNS of New York to develop its own electronic records system. This description of the process and the resulting system should give a good picture of the ultimate benefits of such a system.