RESUMEN
The complete genome sequences of two Barmah Forest virus (BFV) strains isolated from mosquitoes trapped in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) training areas during 2017 and 2018 reveal multiple nucleotide insertions in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of ADF BFV strains compared with the BFV prototype strain whole-genome sequence in GenBank.
RESUMEN
Two outbreaks of epidemic polyarthritis occurred among Australian Defence Force personnel during and following short military exercises in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area, northeastern Australia, in 2016 and 2017. Ross River virus (RRV) IgM was detected in acute-phase serum samples from most patients (28/28 in 2016 and 25/31 in 2017), and RRV was recovered from 4/38 serum samples assayed (1/21 in 2016 and 3/17 in 2017). Phylogenetic analyses of RRV envelope glycoprotein E2 and nonstructural protein nsP3 nucleotide sequences segregated the RRV isolates obtained in 2016 and 2017 outbreaks into 2 distinct sublineages, suggesting that each outbreak was caused by a different strain of RRV. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the 2016 outbreak suggested that some of the infections involved human-mosquito-human transmission without any intermediate host. These outbreaks highlight the importance of personal protective measures in preventing vectorborne diseases for which no vaccine or specific prophylaxis exists.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Alphavirus/epidemiología , Artritis/epidemiología , Epidemias , Personal Militar , Virus del Río Ross , Adulto , Infecciones por Alphavirus/virología , Artritis/virología , Epidemias/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personal Militar/estadística & datos numéricos , Filogenia , Queensland/epidemiología , Virus del Río Ross/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This report describes the near complete genomic sequence and subsequent analysis of Vinegar Hill virus (VINHV; tentative member of the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae, order Bunyavirales). VINHV is the second nairovirus reported to be isolated on mainland Australia and the first to be sequenced and analysed. Our genetic analysis shows that VINHV belongs to the Dera Ghazi Khan genogroup, a group of viruses previously isolated in other parts of the world including Asia, South Africa, and the USA. We discuss possible routes of entry for nairoviruses into Australia and the need to understand the virome of Australian ticks in the context of new and emerging disease.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral , Nairovirus/genética , Animales , Australia , Nairovirus/clasificación , Nairovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia , Garrapatas/virologíaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/veterinaria , Phlebovirus/patogenicidad , Garrapatas/virología , Animales , Australia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves/genética , Aves/genética , Aves/virología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/epidemiología , Humanos , Phlebovirus/genética , Filogenia , Garrapatas/genéticaRESUMEN
The Mapputta serogroup tentatively contains the mosquito-associated viruses Mapputta, Maprik, Trubanaman and Gan Gan. Interestingly, this serogroup has previously been associated with an acute epidemic polyarthritis-like illness in humans; however, there has been no ensuing genetic characterisation. Here we report the complete genome sequences of Mapputta and Maprik viruses, and a new Mapputta group candidate, Buffalo Creek virus, previously isolated from mosquitoes and detected by serology in a hospitalised patient. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the group is one of the earliest diverged groups within the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. Analyses show that these three viruses are related to the recently sequenced Australian bunyaviruses from mosquitoes, Salt Ash and Murrumbidgee. A notable feature of the Mapputta group viruses is the absence of the NSs (non-structural) ORF commonly found on the S segment of other orthobunyaviruses. Viruses of the Mapputta group have been isolated from geographically diverse regions ranging from tropical Papua New Guinea to the semi-arid climate of south-eastern Australia. The relevance of this group to human health in the region merits further investigation.