RESUMEN
The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System received 1,201 tuberculosis (TB) notifications in 2006, of which 1,142 were new cases and 59 were relapses. The incidence of TB in Australia was 5.8 cases per 100,000 population in 2006 up from 5.3 per 100,000 in 2005, but still below 6 per 100,000 as it has been since 1985. Eighty-five per cent of TB notifications in 2006 were in people born outside Australia. The incidence in people born overseas and Indigenous Australians were 20.7 and 6.6 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. By contrast, the incidence of TB in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population was 0.9 cases per 100,000 population. Household or other close contact was reported as the most common risk factor for TB infection. The number of cases of TB reported in health care workers increased in 2006; these were mostly in health care workers born in TB-endemic countries and there were no reports of TB transmission in Australian health care settings. Outcome data of the 2005 TB cohort indicates that treatment success was attained in more than 95% of cases. Progress towards TB elimination in Australia will rely on continued TB awareness, maintenance of high standards of TB diagnostic and control practices, and promoting regional and global TB control activities.
Asunto(s)
Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Australia/epidemiología , Notificación de Enfermedades , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Incidencia , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico/estadística & datos numéricos , Vigilancia de Guardia , Tuberculosis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
In November 2006, the Australian Government announced the National HPV Vaccination Program, consisting of a course of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for all Australian females aged 12-26 years. Females aged 12-18 years are vaccinated through school-based programs. The school-based component commenced in April 2007, with the school years targeted varying across jurisdictions. Each jurisdiction maintains comprehensive records of HPV doses delivered in the school-based programs although how this is captured varies. This report presents interim coverage estimates for Year 1 (2007) of the program. Both New South Wales and Victoria achieved coverage of 70% or more among almost all school cohorts vaccinated in the program. Some of the variation in coverage achieved may reflect different levels of experience with school-based programs, and varying methods for school-based vaccine delivery and recording of doses administered. Except for some doses in South Australia, these interim coverage estimates do not include catch-up doses delivered by general practitioners or persons who were vaccinated prior to the onset of the program. Therefore, these data should be considered minimum estimates of coverage. The 1st year of the school-based HPV vaccination program should be considered a success, given time and resource constraints. Public sector immunisation providers across Australia should be commended for planning and implementing a new national immunisation program in approximately 4 months.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Papillomavirus/inmunología , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Australia , Femenino , Humanos , Programas Nacionales de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Programas Nacionales de Salud/tendencias , Instituciones Académicas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System received 1,072 tuberculosis (TB) notifications in 2005, of which 1,022 were new cases and 50 were relapses. The incidence of TB in Australia was 5.3 cases per 100,000 population in 2005 and has remained at a stable rate since 1985. The high-incidence groups remain people born overseas and Indigenous Australians at 20.6 and 5.9 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. By contrast, the incidence of TB in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population was 0.8 cases per 100,000 population. Rates in the Australian-born, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous have been declining since 1991, while rates in the overseas-born have been increasing. TB control in Australia relies on pre-migration screening and provision of free and effective treatment.
Asunto(s)
Notificación de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Animales , Australia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Emigración e Inmigración , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grupos de Población , Vigilancia de la Población , Tuberculosis/etnología , Tuberculosis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Tasmania contributes very few laboratory confirmed cases to Australia's national influenza surveillance statistics. In 2004, a study was conducted to pilot test sentinel syndromic surveillance for influenza-like illness supplemented by point-of-care testing using the Binax Now Flu A Test Kit and by viral culture, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this method of surveillance. Overall, the goal of such a system would be to increase laboratory surveillance activity within Tasmania and increase the number of specimens sent for viral culture. Five sites participated in the study, including three public hospital emergency departments and two general practices. Despite being conducted during a period of low influenza activity, the pilot study demonstrated that augmentation of syndromic surveillance with point-of-care testing is both feasible and acceptable but is best conducted in the general practice setting.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/sangre , Gripe Humana/diagnóstico , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Sistemas de Atención de Punto , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Vigilancia de Guardia , Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria , Hospitales , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Tasmania/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System received 1,076 tuberculosis (TB) notifications in 2004, of which 1,043 were new cases and 33 were relapses. The incidence of TB in Australia has remained at a stable rate since 1985 and was 5.4 cases per 100,000 population in 2004. The high-incidence groups remain people born overseas and Indigenous Australians at 21.7 and 8.1 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. By contrast, the incidence of TB in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population was 1.0 cases per 100,000 population. Comparison of the 2004 TB notification data against the performance indicators set by National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee highlights that enhanced TB control measures should be considered among these high-risk groups.
Asunto(s)
Notificación de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Australia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Emigración e Inmigración , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grupos de Población , Vigilancia de la Población , Tuberculosis/etnología , Tuberculosis/etiología , Tuberculosis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The following is a report of an unusual family cluster of group C invasive meningococcal disease in Tasmania. This unusual case cluster raises several important issues of public health significance regarding vaccine failure and nucleic acid amplification testing use in the setting of invasive meningococcal disease.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Meningocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Meningocócicas/prevención & control , Vacunas Meningococicas , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Análisis por Conglomerados , Salud de la Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Infecciones Meningocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Tasmania/epidemiología , Insuficiencia del TratamientoRESUMEN
The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) received 982 tuberculosis (TB) notifications in 2003, of which 947 were new cases, 33 were relapses and two were cases with unknown history. The incidence of TB in Australia has remained at a stable rate since 1985 and was 4.9 cases per 100,000 population in 2003. The high-incidence groups remain people born overseas and Indigenous Australians at 19.9 and 8.7 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. By contrast the incidence in non-Indigenous Australians was 0.9 per 100,000. Comparison of the 2003 TB notification data against the performance indicators set by National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee highlights that enhanced TB control measures should be considered among these high-risk groups.
Asunto(s)
Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Notificación de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Australia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Emigración e Inmigración/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Sistema de Registros , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Distribución por Sexo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tuberculosis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Cryptosporidiosis is a common gastrointestinal illness that is transmitted from infected persons, animals, or contaminated water or food. This article reports on an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with an animal nursery at an agricultural show held in northern Tasmania during October 2001. Eighty-one per cent of cases (38/47) notified to the Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services over a 35 day period were interviewed to determine potential sources of infection. Eighty-one per cent of interviewed cases (29/36) reported that they had attended the agricultural show, and 75 per cent (27/36) reported contact with animals in the animal nursery. Cases occurring more than one incubation period after the agricultural show were significantly more likely to have had contact with someone else with diarrhoea (p<0.01). This is the first reported outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with an animal nursery in Australia. The outbreak demonstrates the importance of infection control policies and hygiene measures in the animal nursery setting.
Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Criptosporidiosis/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Recreación , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Niño , Guarderías Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Análisis por Conglomerados , Criptosporidiosis/transmisión , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Piscinas/estadística & datos numéricos , Tasmania/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In 2002, there were 1,028 cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, of which 997 were new cases, 30 were relapses and 1 unknown. The incidence rate of TB in Australia in 2002 was 5.2 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence of TB was reported in people born overseas (20.2 cases per 100,000 population), followed by Indigenous Australians (8.5 cases per 100,000 population). By contrast, the incidence rate of TB in the nonIndigenous Australian-born population was 1.1 cases per 100,000 population. This pattern of TB incidence rates amongst the sub-populations of Australia has been observed for over 10 years. The rates were evaluated against the performance indicators set by the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee to ensure that Australia's record of TB control is maintained and improved.
Asunto(s)
Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/métodos , Notificación de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Australia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Emigración e Inmigración/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grupos de Población/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
In 2001, there were 997 cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, of which, 967 were new cases of TB and 30 cases were relapses. The incidence rate of TB in Australia in 2001 was 5.1 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence of TB was reported in people born overseas (19.3 cases per 100,000 population), followed by Indigenous Australians (9.8 cases per 100,000 population). In contrast, the incidence rate of TB in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population was 1.0 cases per 100,000 population. This pattern of TB incidence rates amongst the sub-populations of Australia has been observed for over 10 years. Eighty-six per cent of TB cases completed treatment in 2001. Treatment was unsuccessful in 7 cases and only 22 cases defaulted. The National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee has published a National Strategic Plan with performance indicators to ensure that this enviable record of TB control is maintained and improved.