RESUMEN
Linoleic (LA, 18:2) and alpha-linolenic (ALA, 18:3) acids are omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids considered essential to human and animal health. The optimum LA/ALA ratio for the production of fertile eggs in Japanese quail breeders has been little investigated. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of LA/ALA ratio on productive performance, egg quality, serum biochemical profile, body composition, and organ weight in Japanese quail. A completely randomized design was used. Birds were distributed into five treatments consisting of different LA/ALA ratios (1.48:1, 4.57:1, 7.63:1, 10.69:1, and 13.75:1), obtained by adding soybean (LA) and flaxseed (ALA) oils to the feed. Productive performance and egg quality were assessed in three cycles of 28 days each. At the end of the experiment, the birds were slaughtered and evaluated for biochemical profile, genital organ weights, and body composition. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression (p<0.05). LA/ALA ratio had no effect on productive performance or egg quality. Blood cholesterol in females and males and total triglycerides in females showed a quadratic response. Breeders fed the highest level of flaxseed oil (1.48:1) had the best serum levels of cholesterol and total triglycerides. Live weight and relative organ weights were not influenced by LA/ALA ratio. Differences in ash and crude protein levels were observed between groups, with LA increasing the deposition of these nutrients. It was concluded that LA/ALA ratio didn't affect productive performance or egg quality. However, based on the results of body composition, serum triglycerides, and cholesterol, it is recommended to use an LA/ALA ratio of 1.48:1 in diets.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ácidos Linoleicos/efectos adversos , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/efectos adversos , Coturnix/fisiología , Biomarcadores , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los AnimalesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Wheezing is one of the most frequent causes of visit to emergency rooms among children. However, data on wheezing burden are mostly provided at healthcare setting, and particularly only for infants. AIMS: We sought to estimate the prevalence of wheezing in children under 4 years and to assess potential risk factors in the community. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study. METHODS: The sample comprised children aged <4 years living in Salvador, Brazil. Data were collected via home visits when the parents/guardians were interviewed. Data were recorded on standardized forms. RESULTS: Of 1534 children, mean age was 21 ± 14 months (minimum 3 days; maximum 47 months; 6% <2 months); 780 (51%) were males and 501 [33%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 30-35%] reported wheezing in the last 12 months. Among wheezers, 321 (64%) had occasional wheezing. Overall, 180 (12%; 95% CI: 10-14%) had recurrent wheezing and 157 (10%; 95% CI: 9-12%) had asthma. For children in the first, second, third and fourth year of life wheezing was reported in 23, 41, 34 and 37%, respectively. Mother atopic-related disease was independently associated with recurrent wheezing (AdjPR[95% CI]: 1.54 [1.12-2.11]) and asthma (AdjPR[95% CI]: 1.54 [1.10-2.16]). Smoker at home (AdjPR[95% CI]: 1.34 [1.07-1.67]) and low birth weight (AdjPR[95%CI]: 1.38 [1.05-1.81]) were independently associated with occasional wheezing. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of under 4 years reported wheezing; history of mother's atopic-related disease was an independent risk factor for recurrent wheezing and asthma; smoker at home and low birth weight were independent risk factors for occasional wheezing.