RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Global Campaign against Headache is conducting a series of population-based studies to fill the large geographical gaps in knowledge of headache prevalence and attributable burden. One major region not until now included is South America. Here we present a study from Peru, a country of 32.4 million inhabitants located at the west coast of South America, notable for its high Andes mountains. METHODS: The study was conducted in accordance with the standardized methodology used by the Global Campaign. It was a cross-sectional survey using cluster randomised sampling in five regions to derive a nationally representative sample, visiting households unannounced, and interviewing one randomly selected adult member (aged 18-65 years) of each using the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire translated into South American Spanish. The neutral screening question ("Have you had headache in the last year?") was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-3 and demographic enquiry. RESULTS: The study included 2,149 participants from 2,385 eligible households (participating proportion 90.1%): 1,065 males and 1,084 females, mean age 42.0 ± 13.7 years. The observed 1-year prevalence of all headache was 64.6% [95% CI: 62.5-66.6], with age-, gender- and habitation-adjusted prevalences of 22.8% [21.0-24.6] for migraine (definite + probable), 38.9% [36.8-41.0] for tension-type headache (TTH: also definite + probable), 1.2% [0.8-1.8] for probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) and 2.7% [2.1-3.5] for other headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+). One-day prevalence of headache (reported headache yesterday) was 12.1%. Migraine was almost twice as prevalent among females (28.2%) as males (16.4%; aOR = 2.1; p < 0.001), and strongly associated with living at very high altitude (aOR = 2.5 for > 3,500 versus < 350 m). CONCLUSION: The Global Campaign's first population-based study in South America found headache disorders to be common in Peru, with prevalence estimates for both migraine and TTH substantially exceeding global estimates. H15 + was also common, but with fewer than one third of cases diagnosed as pMOH. The association between migraine and altitude was confirmed, and found to be strengthened at very high altitude. This association demands further study.
Asunto(s)
Cefaleas Primarias , Cefaleas Secundarias , Trastornos Migrañosos , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Cefalea/epidemiología , Cefaleas Primarias/diagnóstico , Cefaleas Secundarias/epidemiología , Trastornos Migrañosos/epidemiología , Perú/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Distribución Aleatoria , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Heart Failure is a significant public health problem leading to a high burden of physical and psychological symptoms despite optimized therapy. To evaluate primarily the impact of a Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program on stress reduction of patients with Heart Failure. A randomized and controlled clinical trial assessed the effect of a stress reduction program compared to conventional multidisciplinary care in two specialized centers in Brazil. The data collection period took place between April and October 2019. Thirty-eight patients were included and allocated to the intervention or control groups. The intervention took place over 8 weeks. The protocol assessed the scales of perceived stress, depression, quality of life, anxiety, mindfulness, quality of sleep, a 6-minute walk test, and biomarkers analyzed by a blinded team, considering a p-value <0.05 statistically significant. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in perceived stress from 22.8 ± 4.3 to 14.3 ± 3.8 points in the perceived stress scale-14 items in the intervention group vs. 23.9 ± 4.3 to 25.8 ± 5.4 in the control group (p-value<0.001). A significant improvement in quality of life (p-value=0.013), mindfulness (p-value=0.041), quality of sleep (p-value<0.001), and the 6-minute walk test (p-value=0.004) was also observed in the group under intervention in comparison with the control. The Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program effectively reduced perceived stress and improved clinical outcomes in patients with chronic Heart Failure.
A Insuficiência Cardíaca é um importante problema de saúde pública, que leva à alta carga de sintomas físicos e psicológicos, apesar da terapia otimizada. Avaliar primariamente o impacto de um Programa de Redução de Estresse, Meditação e Atenção plena na redução do estresse de pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca. Ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado que avaliou o impacto de um programa de redução de estresse comparado ao atendimento multidisciplinar convencional, em dois centros especializados no Brasil. O período de coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e outubro de 2019. Um total de 38 pacientes foram alocados nos grupos de intervenção ou controle. A intervenção aconteceu ao longo de 8 semanas. O protocolo consistiu na avaliação das escalas de estresse percebido, depressão, qualidade de vida, ansiedade, atenção plena, qualidade do sono, teste de 6 minutos de caminhada e biomarcadores por um grupo cego, considerando um p-valor <0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. A intervenção resultou em redução significativa no estresse percebido de 22,8 ± 4,3 para 14,3 ± 3,8 pontos na escala de estresse percebido no grupo de intervenção vs. 23,9 ± 4,3 para 25,8 ± 5,4 no grupo controle (p-valor<0,001). Foi observada melhora significativa na qualidade de vida (p-valor=0,013), atenção plena (p-valor=0,041), qualidade do sono (p-valor<0,001) e no teste de 6 minutos de caminhada (p-valor=0,004) no grupo sob intervenção comparado com o controle. O Programa de Redução de Estresse, Meditação e Atenção plena reduziu efetivamente o estresse percebido e melhorou desfechos clínicos em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca.
Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Meditación , Atención Plena , Humanos , Meditación/métodos , Meditación/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/terapia , Atención Plena/métodos , Calidad de Vida , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Myocardial injury is common in hypertensive patients with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Immune dysregulation could be associated to cardiac injury in these patients, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: All patients were selected prospectively from a multicenter registry of adults hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. Cases had hypertension and myocardial injury, defined by troponin levels above the 99th percentile upper reference limit, and controls were hypertensive patients with no myocardial injury. Biomarkers and immune cell subsets were quantified and compared between the two groups. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of clinical and immune variables with myocardial injury. RESULTS: The sample comprised 193 patients divided into two groups: 47 cases and 146 controls. Relative to controls, cases had lower total lymphocyte count, percentage of T lymphocytes, CD8+CD38+ mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and percentage of CD8+ human leukocyte antigen DR isotope (HLA-DR)+ CD38-cells and higher percentage of natural killer lymphocytes, natural killer group 2A (NKG2A)+ MFI, percentage of CD8+CD38+cells, CD8+HLA-DR+MFI, CD8+NKG2A+MFI, and percentage of CD8+HLA-DR-CD38+cells. On multivariate regression, the CD8+HLA-DR+MFI, CD8+CD38+MFI, and total lymphocyte count were associated significantly with myocardial injury. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that lymphopenia, CD8+CD38+MFI, and CD8+HLA-DR+MFI are immune biomarkers of myocardial injury in hypertensive patients with COVID-19. The immune signature described here may aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying myocardial injury in these patients. The study data might open a new window for improvement in the treatment of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and myocardial injury.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , COVID-19 , Adulto , Humanos , ADP-Ribosil Ciclasa 1 , COVID-19/complicaciones , Antígenos HLA-DR , Biomarcadores , Activación de LinfocitosRESUMEN
Resumo Fundamento A Insuficiência Cardíaca é um importante problema de saúde pública, que leva à alta carga de sintomas físicos e psicológicos, apesar da terapia otimizada. Objetivo Avaliar primariamente o impacto de um Programa de Redução de Estresse, Meditação e Atenção plena na redução do estresse de pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado que avaliou o impacto de um programa de redução de estresse comparado ao atendimento multidisciplinar convencional, em dois centros especializados no Brasil. O período de coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e outubro de 2019. Um total de 38 pacientes foram alocados nos grupos de intervenção ou controle. A intervenção aconteceu ao longo de 8 semanas. O protocolo consistiu na avaliação das escalas de estresse percebido, depressão, qualidade de vida, ansiedade, atenção plena, qualidade do sono, teste de 6 minutos de caminhada e biomarcadores por um grupo cego, considerando um p-valor <0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados A intervenção resultou em redução significativa no estresse percebido de 22,8 ± 4,3 para 14,3 ± 3,8 pontos na escala de estresse percebido no grupo de intervenção vs. 23,9 ± 4,3 para 25,8 ± 5,4 no grupo controle (p-valor<0,001). Foi observada melhora significativa na qualidade de vida (p-valor=0,013), atenção plena (p-valor=0,041), qualidade do sono (p-valor<0,001) e no teste de 6 minutos de caminhada (p-valor=0,004) no grupo sob intervenção comparado com o controle. Conclusão O Programa de Redução de Estresse, Meditação e Atenção plena reduziu efetivamente o estresse percebido e melhorou desfechos clínicos em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca.
Abstract Background Heart Failure is a significant public health problem leading to a high burden of physical and psychological symptoms despite optimized therapy. Objective To evaluate primarily the impact of a Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program on stress reduction of patients with Heart Failure. Methods A randomized and controlled clinical trial assessed the effect of a stress reduction program compared to conventional multidisciplinary care in two specialized centers in Brazil. The data collection period took place between April and October 2019. Thirty-eight patients were included and allocated to the intervention or control groups. The intervention took place over 8 weeks. The protocol assessed the scales of perceived stress, depression, quality of life, anxiety, mindfulness, quality of sleep, a 6-minute walk test, and biomarkers analyzed by a blinded team, considering a p-value <0.05 statistically significant. Results The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in perceived stress from 22.8 ± 4.3 to 14.3 ± 3.8 points in the perceived stress scale-14 items in the intervention group vs. 23.9 ± 4.3 to 25.8 ± 5.4 in the control group (p-value<0.001). A significant improvement in quality of life (p-value=0.013), mindfulness (p-value=0.041), quality of sleep (p-value<0.001), and the 6-minute walk test (p-value=0.004) was also observed in the group under intervention in comparison with the control. Conclusion The Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program effectively reduced perceived stress and improved clinical outcomes in patients with chronic Heart Failure.
RESUMEN
Importance: It is unknown whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have a positive, neutral, or negative effect on clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To determine whether discontinuation compared with continuation of ACEIs or ARBs changed the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. Design, Setting, and Participants: A randomized clinical trial of 659 patients hospitalized in Brazil with mild to moderate COVID-19 who were taking ACEIs or ARBs prior to hospitalization (enrolled: April 9-June 26, 2020; final follow-up: July 26, 2020). Interventions: Discontinuation (n = 334) or continuation (n = 325) of ACEIs or ARBs. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. Secondary outcomes included death, cardiovascular death, and COVID-19 progression. Results: Among 659 patients, the median age was 55.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46.1-65.0 years), 14.7% were aged 70 years or older, 40.4% were women, and 100% completed the trial. The median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 6 days (IQR, 4-9 days) and 27.2% of patients had an oxygen saturation of less than 94% of room air at baseline. In terms of clinical severity, 57.1% of patients were considered mild at hospital admission and 42.9% were considered moderate. There was no significant difference in the number of days alive and out of the hospital in patients in the discontinuation group (mean, 21.9 days [SD, 8 days]) vs patients in the continuation group (mean, 22.9 days [SD, 7.1 days]) and the mean ratio was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90-1.01). There also was no statistically significant difference in death (2.7% for the discontinuation group vs 2.8% for the continuation group; odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.38-2.52]), cardiovascular death (0.6% vs 0.3%, respectively; OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 0.19-42.12]), or COVID-19 progression (38.3% vs 32.3%; OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.95-1.80]). The most common adverse events were respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (9.6% in the discontinuation group vs 7.7% in the continuation group), shock requiring vasopressors (8.4% vs 7.1%, respectively), acute myocardial infarction (7.5% vs 4.6%), new or worsening heart failure (4.2% vs 4.9%), and acute kidney failure requiring hemodialysis (3.3% vs 2.8%). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 and who were taking ACEIs or ARBs before hospital admission, there was no significant difference in the mean number of days alive and out of the hospital for those assigned to discontinue vs continue these medications. These findings do not support routinely discontinuing ACEIs or ARBs among patients hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 if there is an indication for treatment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04364893.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Alta del Paciente , SARS-CoV-2 , Privación de Tratamiento , Anciano , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/mortalidad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Oportunidad Relativa , Respiración Artificial/estadística & datos numéricos , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/etiología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Tamaño de la Muestra , Choque/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been useful in the evaluation of myocardial inflammatory processes. However, it is challenging to identify them due to physiological 18F-FDG uptake. There are no publications demonstrating the application of FDG in post-transplant rejection in humans yet. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of suppression of myocardial FDG uptake in post-transplant patients, comparing three different protocols of preparation. METHODS: Ten patients after heart transplantation were imaged by FDG associated with three endomyocardial biopsies (EMB), scheduled in the first year after the procedure. Before each imaging, patients were randomized to one of three preparations: (1) hyperlipidic-hypoglycemic diet; (2) fasting longer than 12 hours; and (3) fasting associated with intravenous heparin. All patients would undergo the three methods. FDG images were analyzed using visual analysis scores and relative radiotracer cardiac uptake (RRCU). RESULTS: The suppression rate of radiotracer activity ranged from 55% to 62%. Visual analysis showed that preparation 3 presented less efficacy in the suppression compared to the others. However, RRCU did not show difference between the preparations. CONCLUSIONS: Suppression of physiological myocardial FDG uptake after cardiac transplantation is feasible. The usefulness of heparin in the suppression is unclear.
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Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/farmacocinética , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Trasplante de Corazón , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único/métodos , Adulto , Anticoagulantes , Dieta Baja en Carbohidratos , Dieta para Diabéticos , Ayuno , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Heparina , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are described using the Vitek® 2 system in uropathogens isolated in older adults from a private clinic in Lima. Descriptive study conducted between January 2014 and October 2016. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis obtained a sensitivity greater than 80% against piperacillin/ tazobactam, amikacin, and carbapenems. Moreover, 83.6% of Escherichia coli were nitrofurantoin-sensitive strains. A 41.7% of Escherichia coli, 50.9% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 50% of Proteus mirabilis were producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Similarly, 60% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were producers of carbapenemases. Active site modification (PBP) and enzymatic inactivation by penicillinases occurred in 7.8% of Enterococcus faecalis. Resistance to aminoglycosides was presented in Escherichia coli (27.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (46.7%), and Proteus mirabilis (84.6%) for the production of modifier enzymes. There is an increase in bacterial resistance in relation to age. Enzymatic inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides is the most common resistance mechanism.
Se describen los principales mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana mediante el sistema Vitek® 2 en uropatógenos aislados en adultos mayores de una clínica privada en Lima. Estudio descriptivo realizado entre enero de 2014 y octubre de 2016. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Proteus mirabilis obtuvieron una sensibilidad mayor a 80% frente a piperacilina/tazobactam, amikacina y carbapenems. Asimismo, 83,6% de Escherichia coli fueron cepas sensibles a nitrofurantoina. El 41,7% de Escherichia coli, 50,9% de Klebsiella pneumoniae y 50% de Proteus mirabilis fueron productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. De igual modo, 60% de Pseudomonas aeruginosa fueron productoras de carbapenemasas. La modificación de sitio activo (PBP) y la inactivación enzimática por penicilinasas se presentaron en el 7,8% de Enterococcus faecalis. La resistencia a aminoglicósidos se presentó en Escherichia coli (27,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (46,7%) y Proteus mirabilis (84,6%) por la producción de enzimas modificadoras. Existe un incremento de la resistencia bacteriana en relación a la edad. La inactivación enzimática de betalactámicos y aminoglicósidos es el mecanismo de resistencia más frecuente.
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Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Anciano , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Femenino , Hospitales Privados , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Perú , Estudios Retrospectivos , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Se describen los principales mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana mediante el sistema Vitek® 2 en uropatógenos aislados en adultos mayores de una clínica privada en Lima. Estudio descriptivo realizado entre enero de 2014 y octubre de 2016. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Proteus mirabilis obtuvieron una sensibilidad mayor a 80% frente a piperacilina/tazobactam, amikacina y carbapenems. Asimismo, 83,6% de Escherichia coli fueron cepas sensibles a nitrofurantoina. El 41,7% de Escherichia coli, 50,9% de Klebsiella pneumoniae y 50% de Proteus mirabilis fueron productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. De igual modo, 60% de Pseudomonas aeruginosa fueron productoras de carbapenemasas. La modificación de sitio activo (PBP) y la inactivación enzimática por penicilinasas se presentaron en el 7,8% de Enterococcus faecalis. La resistencia a aminoglicósidos se presentó en Escherichia coli (27,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (46,7%) y Proteus mirabilis (84,6%) por la producción de enzimas modificadoras. Existe un incremento de la resistencia bacteriana en relación a la edad. La inactivación enzimática de betalactámicos y aminoglicósidos es el mecanismo de resistencia más frecuente.
ABSTRACT The main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are described using the Vitek® 2 system in uropathogens isolated in older adults from a private clinic in Lima. Descriptive study conducted between January 2014 and October 2016. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis obtained a sensitivity greater than 80% against piperacillin/ tazobactam, amikacin, and carbapenems. Moreover, 83.6% of Escherichia coli were nitrofurantoin-sensitive strains. A 41.7% of Escherichia coli, 50.9% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 50% of Proteus mirabilis were producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Similarly, 60% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were producers of carbapenemases. Active site modification (PBP) and enzymatic inactivation by penicillinases occurred in 7.8% of Enterococcus faecalis. Resistance to aminoglycosides was presented in Escherichia coli (27.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (46.7%), and Proteus mirabilis (84.6%) for the production of modifier enzymes. There is an increase in bacterial resistance in relation to age. Enzymatic inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides is the most common resistance mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Perú , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Salud Urbana , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hospitales Privados , Farmacorresistencia BacterianaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Hemocromatosis/genética , Hemocromatosis/terapia , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Hierro , Biomarcadores , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Corazón/fisiopatología , Indicadores de Morbimortalidad , Hierro , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , FlebotomíaRESUMEN
Con el objetivo de describir los resultados del uso de fibrinolíticos (alteplase endovenoso o rtPA) en pacientes con ECV isquemico, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo en 23 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con ECV isquemico, además se describieron los principales factores de riesgo y los porcentajes de recuperación usando las escalas de Rankin y Barthel modificados. Se encontró que el factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial. El tiempo total desde que se presentaron los síntomas hasta la administración del tratamiento tuvo una media de 168,78 minutos, la escala de NISSH aplicada a los pacientes tuvo un promedio de 2,1 puntos a las 24 horas, 1,26 puntos a los 7 días y 0,5 puntos a los 3 meses, 20 de los pacientes trombolisados obtuvieron un puntaje de 0-2 en la escala de Rankin de y de >95 en la escala de Barthel. Finalmente concluimos que el uso de fibrinoliticos en pacientes con ECV isquemico produce mejoría clínica y menor discapacidad evaluados por las escalas de Rankin y Barthel modificados. (AU)
In order to describe the results of the use of fibrinolytic (alteplase intravenous or rtPA) in patients with ischemic CVD, a descriptive, observational and prospective study was performed in 23 patients who were diagnosed with ischemic CVD, also were described the main risk factors and recovery rates using the modified Rankin scale Barthel. It was found that the most common risk factor was hypertension. The total time since the symptoms appeared to treatment administration had an average of 168.78 minutes, NISSH scale applied to the patients had an average of 2.1 points at 24 hours, to 1.26 points 7 days and 0.5 points at 3 months, 20 patients trombolisados average score was 0-2 at the Rankin scale and> 95 on the Barthel scale. Finally we conclude that the use of fibrinolytic in patients with ischemic CVD produces clinical improvement and less disability assessed by the modified Rankin scale Barthel. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Activadores Plasminogénicos , Terapia Trombolítica , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Observacionales como AsuntoRESUMEN
Os desafios enfrentados pelos jovens, decorrentes do ingresso no Ensino Superior , têm sido alvo de inúmeras pesquisas, destacando a confluência de variáveis pessoais e contextuais nesse processo de transição e adaptação ao Ensino Superior . O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as expectativas afetam a qualidade das vivências adaptativas dos acadêmicos que iniciam o Ensino Superior . Participaram deste estudo 182 estudantes brasileiros (M=26,2; DP=8,76), sendo 146 mulheres e 36 homens, que responderam a dois questionários reportados às expectativas e vivências acadêmicas. Os resultados indicaram que as expectativas iniciais dos ingressantes foram correlacionadas com a qualidade das suas vivências acadêmicas. Em particular, as expectativas de envolvimento nas relações com os colegas, no projeto vocacional de carreira e nas atividades curriculares do seu curso foram associadas à adaptação acadêmica dos estudantes...
Many studies have addressed the challenges faced by students when they access higher education, describing the influence of personal and contextual factors on the transition and adaptation to Higher Education. The present study aimed to investigate how expectations impact the quality of first-year students' experiences. Participants included 182 Brazilian students (M=26,2; DP=8,76), 146 women and 36 men, who answered two questionnaires focusing on academic expectations and experiences. Results suggest that initial expectations of first-year students are correlated with the quality of their academic experiences. Specifically, expectations about students' engagement with colleagues, career project, and curricular activities in their undergraduate program, seem to be related with students' academic adaptation...
Los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes que resultan del ingreso a la educación superior han sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones, destacando la convergencia de variables personales y contextuales en este proceso de transición y adaptación a la educación superior. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo las expectativas afectan la calidad de las experiencias de adaptación de los estudiantes que inician la educación superior. Participaron 182 estudiantes brasileños (M=26,2; DP=8,76), siendo 146 mujeres y 36 hombres, que respondieron dos cuestionarios direccionados a las expectativas y experiencias académicas. Los resultados indicaron que las expectativas iniciales de los estudiantes ingresantes se correlacionaron con la calidad de sus experiencias académicas. En particular, las expectativas de participación en las relaciones con los compañeros, en el proyecto de la carrera y en las actividades curriculares del curso fueron relacionadas con la adaptación académica de los estudiantes...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adaptación Psicológica , Universidades , Estudiantes/psicología , Relaciones InterpersonalesRESUMEN
Os desafios enfrentados pelos jovens, decorrentes do ingresso no Ensino Superior , têm sido alvo de inúmeras pesquisas, destacando a confluência de variáveis pessoais e contextuais nesse processo de transição e adaptação ao Ensino Superior . O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as expectativas afetam a qualidade das vivências adaptativas dos acadêmicos que iniciam o Ensino Superior . Participaram deste estudo 182 estudantes brasileiros (M=26,2; DP=8,76), sendo 146 mulheres e 36 homens, que responderam a dois questionários reportados às expectativas e vivências acadêmicas. Os resultados indicaram que as expectativas iniciais dos ingressantes foram correlacionadas com a qualidade das suas vivências acadêmicas. Em particular, as expectativas de envolvimento nas relações com os colegas, no projeto vocacional de carreira e nas atividades curriculares do seu curso foram associadas à adaptação acadêmica dos estudantes.(AU)
Many studies have addressed the challenges faced by students when they access higher education, describing the influence of personal and contextual factors on the transition and adaptation to Higher Education. The present study aimed to investigate how expectations impact the quality of first-year students' experiences. Participants included 182 Brazilian students (M=26,2; DP=8,76), 146 women and 36 men, who answered two questionnaires focusing on academic expectations and experiences. Results suggest that initial expectations of first-year students are correlated with the quality of their academic experiences. Specifically, expectations about students' engagement with colleagues, career project, and curricular activities in their undergraduate program, seem to be related with students' academic adaptation.(AU)
Los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes que resultan del ingreso a la educación superior han sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones, destacando la convergencia de variables personales y contextuales en este proceso de transición y adaptación a la educación superior. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo las expectativas afectan la calidad de las experiencias de adaptación de los estudiantes que inician la educación superior. Participaron 182 estudiantes brasileños (M=26,2; DP=8,76), siendo 146 mujeres y 36 hombres, que respondieron dos cuestionarios direccionados a las expectativas y experiencias académicas. Los resultados indicaron que las expectativas iniciales de los estudiantes ingresantes se correlacionaron con la calidad de sus experiencias académicas. En particular, las expectativas de participación en las relaciones con los compañeros, en el proyecto de la carrera y en las actividades curriculares del curso fueron relacionadas con la adaptación académica de los estudiantes.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudiantes/psicología , Universidades , Adaptación Psicológica , Relaciones InterpersonalesRESUMEN
This research paper concerns the influence of intelligence and social skills on the academic adjustment to university. Social demographic data was compiled based on gender, age, social class, and the type of teaching institution. A total of 393 university students took part in this survey, including 167 students under 20 years of age, 101 between 20 and 30, 31 between 31 and 40, and 26 over 40 years of age. Males accounted for 128 of the students, with 55 belonging to social class A, 134 to B, and 94 to classes C and D, and 184 participants attending public institutions. Data collection was performed using the Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, a Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (reduced version), and the Raven's test Matrizes Progressivas. The main results achieved presented significant correlations between social skills and academic adjustment, however, no significant results were found between intelligence and academic adaptation...
O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a influência da inteligência e das habilidades sociais na adaptação acadêmica à universidade, assim como de dados sociodemográficos tais como sexo, idade, classe social e tipo de instituição de ensino. Participaram deste estudo 393 estudantes universitários, sendo 128 homens; 167 sujeitos estavam na faixa etária de mais de 20 anos, 101 de 20 a 30 anos; 31 de 31 a 40 anos e 26 acima de 40 anos; 55 participantes da classe social A, 134 da B e 94 das classes C e D; 184 pertenciam a instituições públicas. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (versão reduzida) e o teste Matrizes Progressivas de Raven. Foram obtidos como principais resultados correlações significativas entre Habilidades Sociais e Adaptação Acadêmica, mas não foram encontrados resultados significativos entre inteligência e adaptação acadêmica...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Inteligencia , Ajuste Social , SocializaciónRESUMEN
This research paper concerns the influence of intelligence and social skills on the academic adjustment to university. Social demographic data was compiled based on gender, age, social class, and the type of teaching institution. A total of 393 university students took part in this survey, including 167 students under 20 years of age, 101 between 20 and 30, 31 between 31 and 40, and 26 over 40 years of age. Males accounted for 128 of the students, with 55 belonging to social class A, 134 to B, and 94 to classes C and D, and 184 participants attending public institutions. Data collection was performed using the Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, a Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (reduced version), and the Raven's test Matrizes Progressivas. The main results achieved presented significant correlations between social skills and academic adjustment, however, no significant results were found between intelligence and academic adaptation.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a influência da inteligência e das habilidades sociais na adaptação acadêmica à universidade, assim como de dados sociodemográficos tais como sexo, idade, classe social e tipo de instituição de ensino. Participaram deste estudo 393 estudantes universitários, sendo 128 homens; 167 sujeitos estavam na faixa etária de mais de 20 anos, 101 de 20 a 30 anos; 31 de 31 a 40 anos e 26 acima de 40 anos; 55 participantes da classe social A, 134 da B e 94 das classes C e D; 184 pertenciam a instituições públicas. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (versão reduzida) e o teste Matrizes Progressivas de Raven. Foram obtidos como principais resultados correlações significativas entre Habilidades Sociais e Adaptação Acadêmica, mas não foram encontrados resultados significativos entre inteligência e adaptação acadêmica.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Ajuste Social , Inteligencia , SocializaciónRESUMEN
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotipo O3:K6 en pescados y moluscos bivalvos procedentes de un mercado pesquero de Lima. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron 254 muestras entre pescados y moluscos bivalvos siguiendo la técnica descrita por Yukiko Harakudo et al, que consta de un paso de enriquecimiento, siembra en medio cromogénico, evaluación de fermentación de glucosa y la prueba de tolerancia a sales. Las cepas identificadas como Vibrio parahaemolyticus fueron serotipificadas usando anticuerpos monoclonales y evaluadas en su potencial patogénico en medio de Wagatsuma. Resultados: Se aislaron 15 cepas de V. parahaemolyticus, 9(7,5%) en pescados y 6(4,5%) en moluscos bivalvos. Tres (20%) presentaron fenómeno de Kanagawa positivo indicando la producción de la hemolisina termoestable directa (TDH). Una cepa TDH-positiva aislada en una muestra pescado fue serotipo O3:K6. Conclusiones: Vibrio parahaemolyticus se encuentra distribuido en los recursos hidrobiológicos estudiados con mayor frecuencia en pescados, a partir de los cuales se encontró el serovar O3:K6. Este es el primer reporte de la cepa pandémica O3:K6 de Vibrio parahaemolyticus aislada de fuente no humana en el Perú.
Objective: To determine the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 in fish and bivalves mollusks of a fish market from Lima. Material and methods: We analyzed 254 samples of fish and bivalve mollusks using the technique described by Yukiko Harakudo et al, consisting of an enrichment step, chromogenic plating, evaluation of glucose fermentation and salt tolerance test. The strains identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus were serotyped using monoclonal antibodies and evaluated their pathogenic potential on Wagatsuma agar. Results: 15 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 9 (7,5%) in fish and 6 (4,5%) in bivalve mollusks were isolated. 3 (20%) were Kanagawa phenomenon positive indicating the production of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH). A TDH-positive strain isolated from a fish belonged to the serotype O3: K6. Conclusions: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is distributed in analyzed aquatic resources; most frequently in fish from which was found serovar O3:K6. This is the first report of pandemic O3:K6 strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from non-human source in Perú.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bivalvos , Gastroenteritis , Moluscos , Peces , Vibrio parahaemolyticusRESUMEN
Fundamentos: O valor do peptídeo natriurético do tipo-B (BNP) admissional está bem estabelecido como fator prognóstico para evolução hospitalar. O papel do BNP admissional e pré-alta está pouco estudado na predição de eventos em longo prazo. Objetivos: Estabelecer o valor prognóstico do BNP admissional e pré-alta em pacientes internados com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) descompensada. Métodos: Estudados 84 pacientes, admitidos em três hospitais por IC descompensada no período de janeiro 2007 a dezembro de 2007, que apresentavam dosagens de BNP admissional e de alta. A média de idade foi 72,3 +- 12,4 anos e 55(65 por cento) eram do sexo masculino, com fração de ejeção de 41,7+- 15 por cento. Avaliou-se o valor do BNP admissional em predizer eventos hospitalares e o valor do BNP admissional e pré-alta na predisposição de eventos em um ano pós-alta (mortalidade cardiovascular e readmissões). Resultados: Houve queda do BNP (pg/mL) entre a admissão e a alta (de 563 [236-976]; p=0,28). O BNP admissional foi preditor de eventos...