RESUMEN
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health challenge. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-perception of oral health and clinical condition among patients with CKD. This isa quanti-qualitative survey conducted in a CKD specialized service. The sample consisted of 60 patients who underwent oral examinations to have their severity of caries (DMFT) and need for dental prosthesis checked. Age, sex, time on dialysis, marital status, skin color, education and pre-existing diseases were also analyzed. Among the kidney patients who agreed to undergo the clinical examinations and showed communication skills, some were selected, and three focus groups were created, with the participation of a moderator and six to 10 kidney patients in each group. Their speeches were processed in the IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed through the similarity analysis and word cloud techniques. As for profile, the patients were aged 60.23 ± 10.87 years old; were male (73.33%); were on dialysis for 41.90 ± 56.57 months; were married (61.67%); were white (76.67%); had incomplete primary education (41.66%); had arterial hypertension (76.67%); had a DMFT index of 22.55 ± 8.39; 43.33% needed an upper complete denture; and 30.00% needed a lower complete denture. The similarity analysis revealed many doubts and uncertainties about current health services, which can be proven by the words 'no' and 'treatment'. The quanti-qualitative analysis showed a high rate of dental loss and the need for complete dentures and suggests inequities in oral health care for chronic kidney disease patients, especially in tertiary care. There was a positive representation regarding oral health, but the lexicographical analyses of the textual corpusconfirmed the self-perception of lack of dental care.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Salud Bucal , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Atención Terciaria de Salud/organización & administración , Salud Pública/métodos , Pérdida de Diente/diagnóstico , Atención Odontológica/métodos , Grupos Focales/métodos , Prótesis Dental/métodos , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Investigación Cualitativa , Diagnóstico Bucal/métodos , Diálisis/métodos , Servicios de Salud/provisión & distribuciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cow´s milk protein allergy (CMPA) and lactose intolerance (LI) negatively affect the quality of life of patients and their families. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the perception parents of children with CMPA or LI regarding aspects of health, emphasizing their oral health and the factors involved in the treatment of allergy/food intolerance METHODS: Qualitative research employing focus groups, with a sample of 12 parents of children with CMPA or LI (two groups), including the participation of a researcher/moderator, an observer, and six participants in each group and a plan with guiding questions. Discourses were recorded and transcribed, and textual contents were processed in software IRAMUTEQ and analysed by the descendant hierarchical classification (DHC) technique, content analysis, and word cloud. RESULTS: Six categories were derived from DHC-multivariate analysis: (1) children formula, (2) oral health, (3) nutritional aspects, (4) treatment, (5) disease´s stigma, and (6) health services. The thematic axes were derived from nutritional, assistance, and care categories. Reports of different oral diseases were given by parents regarding food allergy or intolerance in their children, such as frequent caries, teeth spots, pain, and sensitive teeth. CONCLUSION: Parents´ perception of CMPA/LI in their children is affected by nutritional factors and the stigma caused by the disease, with special reference to the importance given to children´s oral health and reports about difficulties in the access to health services with multi-professional teams.
INTRODUÇÃO: A alergia a proteína do leite de vaca (APLV) e intolerância à lactose (IL) afetam negativamente a qualidade de vida de pacientes e seus familiares. OBJETIVO: Analisar a percepção de pais de crianças com APVL ou IL, quanto aos aspectos de saúde, enfatizando sua saúde bucal, bem como, os fatores envolvidos no tratamento da alergia e intolerância alimentar. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa com emprego da técnica de grupo focal, com uma amostra de 12 pais de crianças com APLV ou IL (dois grupos), incluindo a participação de pesquisador/moderador, observador e seis participantes em cada grupo e um roteiro com questões norteadoras. Os discursos foram gravados e transcritos, os conteúdos textuais foram processados no software IRAMUTEQ e analisados pelas técnicas de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD), análise de conteúdo e nuvem de palavras. RESULTADOS: Seis clusters emergiram da análise multivariada pela CHD: (1) Fórmulas Infantis; (2) Saúde Bucal; (3) Aspectos Nutricionais; (4) Tratamento; (5) Estigma da Doença; (6) Serviços de Saúde. A partir dos clusters foram identificados três eixos temáticos: nutrição, atenção e assistência. Relatos de diferentes doenças bucais foram dados pelos pais, com relação à alergia ou intolerância alimentar em seus filhos, tais como: cárie frequente, manchas dentárias, dor e dentes sensíveis. CONCLUSÃO: A percepção dos pais de crianças com APLV/IL sofreram influência dos fatores nutricionais e do estigma que a doença apresenta, com especial importância dada para a saúde bucal de seus filhos, e relatos de dificuldades de acesso a serviços de saúde com equipes multiprofissionais.
RESUMEN
Objetivou-se avaliar a autopercepção de doentes renais crônicos sobre saúde bucal e analisar os fatores envolvidos no tratamento da insuficiência renal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o emprego da técnica de grupo focal. Foram realizados dois grupos focais com uma amostra de 12 doentes renais crônicos, com a participação de pesquisador/moderador, observador e seis participantes em cada grupo e um roteiro com questões norteadoras. Os discursos foram gravados e transcritos, os conteúdos textuais foram processados no software IRAMUTEQ e analisados pela técnica de classificação hierárquica descendente (CHD) e análise de conteúdo. Seis categorias emergiram da análise multivariada pela CHD: (1) Sofrimento; (2) Expectativa; (3) Acesso ao Tratamento; (4) Serviços de Saúde; (5) Valorização; (6) Funções da Boca. A análise qualitativa demonstrou que apesar do grande sofrimento relatado pelos doentes renais crônicos, há uma autopercepção positiva e que pode ser verificada nas categorias elencadas. A análise interpretativa do corpus textual sugere ausência de assistência odontológica e alguns fatores envolvidos neste processo de iniquidade
Self-perception by chronic kidney patients on mouth health is evaluated and the factors involved in the treatment of kidney insufficiency are analyzed. Qualitative research with focal group technique was applied to two groups with a sample of 12 chronic kidney patients, with the participation of researcher/moderator, observer and six participants of each group and a list of questions. Discourses were recorded and transcribed, textual contents were processed by IRAMUTEQ and analyzed by descendent hierarchized classification technique (CHD) and content analysis. Six categories emerged from the multivariate CHD analysis: (1) suffering; (2) expectations; (3) access to treatment; (4) health services; (5) valorization; (6) mouth functions. Qualitative analysis revealed that, in spite of great suffering by chronic kidney patients, a positive self-perception is perceived and may be verified in the listed categories. The interpretative analysis of the textual corpus suggests an absence of dentistry assistance and other factors involved in the iniquity process
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Salud Bucal , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Atención Odontológica , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
Objetivou-se analisar a fala de gestantes sobre o aleitamento materno e aprofundar os fatores envolvidos no desmame precoce. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com uma amostra de 22 gestantes de 18 a 40 anos e período gestacional de 12 a 36 semanas. Foram realizados três grupos focais com a participação de moderador, observador e seis a nove gestantes, empregando-se um roteiro com questões norteadoras. Os discursos foram gravados, transcritos e os conteúdos textuais processados no software IRAMUTEQ e analisados pelas técnicas de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, Análise de Conteúdo, Análise de Similitude e Nuvem de Palavras. Foram observadas 10.587 ocorrências de palavras, sendo 1.583 formas distintas. Destas, foram encontradas 289 palavras equiparadas por meio de Classificações Hierárquicas Descendentes e que resultaram em cinco categorias: causa do desmame, ansiedade e medo, conflito, enfrentamento e intenção de amamentar. Conclui-se que há intencionalidade por parte das gestantes para a prática do aleitamento materno, contudo, as análises lexicográficas do corpus textual demonstraram negação ao ato de amamentar e as possíveis causas para desmame precoce.
The discourse of pregnant women on breast feeding is analyzed and the causes of early weaning are discussed, involving a quality research with a sample of 22 pregnant females, 18-40 years old, and pregnancy period between 12 to 36 weeks. Three focal groups were formed with the participation of moderator, observer and six to nine pregnant females, using a scheme with directing questions. Discourses were recorded, transcribed and contents were processed by software IRAMUTEQ and analyzed by techniques Descending Hierarchical Classification, Content Analysis, Analysis of Similarity and Word Cloud. There were 10,587 word occurrences, of which 1,583 had distinct forms. Further, 289 words were equated by Descending Hierarchical Classification, with five categories: weaning cause, anxiety and fear, conflict, coping with breast-feeding and intention to breast feed. Results show that pregnant women intend to breast feed, even though lexicographic analysis of the texts reveals denial of the breast feeding act as possible causes for early weaning.