RESUMEN
Agricultural areas in the region of Turuçu, on the Southeast Hillside in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil present many examples of soil physical degradation. Accordingly, strategies aimed at evaluating and ameliorating the structural quality of soils should be developed to ensure the sustainable use of these areas. This study aimed to evaluate the least limiting water range (LLWR), S-index, compressibility parameters, organic carbon and the organic matter granulometric fractions of a Udalf under different agricultural uses. Soil samples with disturbed and non-disturbed structure from the 0.00 to 0.10 m layer were collected on farms in the Southeast Hillside, Turuçu region, RS, for analyzing soil under: i) conventional system of corn after tobacco crop, (CT); ii) conventional system of corn after native field (CNF), iii) native field (NF) and iv) native area (NA). Both the CT and the CNF systems had a negative influence on the values of bulk density, soil porosity, least limiting water range, compressibility parameters and total organic carbon, coarse fraction carbon and carbon associated with minerals.
Asunto(s)
Análisis del Suelo , Características del Suelo/métodos , Calidad del Suelo , Nicotiana , Zea maysRESUMEN
Agricultural areas in the region of Turuçu, on the Southeast Hillside in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil present many examples of soil physical degradation. Accordingly, strategies aimed at evaluating and ameliorating the structural quality of soils should be developed to ensure the sustainable use of these areas. This study aimed to evaluate the least limiting water range (LLWR), S-index, compressibility parameters, organic carbon and the organic matter granulometric fractions of a Udalf under different agricultural uses. Soil samples with disturbed and non-disturbed structure from the 0.00 to 0.10 m layer were collected on farms in the Southeast Hillside, Turuçu region, RS, for analyzing soil under: i) conventional system of corn after tobacco crop, (CT); ii) conventional system of corn after native field (CNF), iii) native field (NF) and iv) native area (NA). Both the CT and the CNF systems had a negative influence on the values of bulk density, soil porosity, least limiting water range, compressibility parameters and total organic carbon, coarse fraction carbon and carbon associated with minerals.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Calidad del Suelo , Análisis del Suelo , Características del Suelo/métodos , Zea mays , NicotianaRESUMEN
As perdas de nitrogênio (N) através de emissões gasosas de amônia (NH3) e óxido nitroso (N2O) após a aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS) no solo é um assunto ainda pouco estudado no Brasil, sobretudo em plantio direto. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, em condições de campo, a volatilização de NH3 e a emissão de N2O após a aplicação de DLS no milho, com e sem a presença de palha de aveia preta na superfície do solo. Os tratamentos avaliados para medir a emissão de N2O, durante 90 dias, foram: T1 - Solo (testemunha); T2 - Solo + DLS; T3 - Solo + Palha; T4 - Solo + Palha + DLS. Já a volatilização de NH3 foi quantificada durante 12 dias, somente nos três últimos tratamentos. Os DLS, na dose de 60m³ ha-1, foram aplicados ao solo, antecedendo a semeadura do milho, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A presença da palha na superfície do solo reduziu as perdas de NH3 em 34%, porém potencializou as emissões de N2O após a aplicação dos DLS, as quais aumentaram em 167%. Os maiores fluxos de N2O ocorreram durante os primeiros 40 dias após a aplicação dos DLS sempre após a ocorrência de chuvas e/ou irrigações.
The nitrogen (N) losses through gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) after pig slurry (PS) application in soil is a subject still little studied in Brazil, especially under no-till conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate, under field conditions, the NH3 volatilization and the N2O emission after PS application in corn, with and without surface oat straw. The treatments for measuring N2O emissions, during 90 days, were: T1-unamended soil (control), T2 - Soil + PS, T3 - Soil + oat straw and T4 - Soil + PS + oat straw. The NH3 volatilization was quantified only in the last three treatments. PS, at the dose 60m³ ha-1, was applied prior the sowing of corn, in a randomized design, with three replications. Oat straw on the soil surface reduced NH3 volatilization by 34%, but enhanced N2O emission by 167%. The higher N2O fluxes occurred during the first 40 days after PS addition, always after rain and/or irrigation events.