RESUMEN
The increasing incidence of tuberculosis in relation with the HIV-AIDS epidemic poses a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the prevalence of HIV-1 infection, clinical presentation, and bacteriological findings in patients treated for tuberculosis in a hospital department in Bangui, Central African Republic between January 1996 and December 1998. Among the 1142 patients who benefited for HIV serology, HIV-1 prevalence of was 82% (IC95%: 79-85%). Most patients (92%), had not undergone HIV serology before hospitalization. Mean age was 34 years. Sex ratio F/M was 1.21. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was based mainly on clinical and radiological data. Positive sputum smears were available for only 52% of the patients. The most frequent site of tuberculosis was the lungs with no significant difference between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups (83% versus 79% respectively). Sputum-smear examination was positive in 42% of the patients with no significant difference between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups (43% versus 37%). Upon admission patients usually presented advanced disease, with 11% dying within a week after hospitalization. There was a steep increase in the prevalence of HIV in tuberculosis-infected patients in Banqui, from 32% in 1988 to 62% in 1994. In spite of the existence of a National Tuberculosis Control Program, diagnostic facilities remain limited and diagnosis of tuberculosis and HIV-infection is often delayed. Outpatient care must be improved.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adulto , República Centroafricana/epidemiología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , Tuberculosis/terapiaRESUMEN
A study of the etiologies of diarrhea in adults in relation to their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus and number of CD4+ cells was carried out in the Central African Republic. In cases and controls, multi-parasitism was observed. Salmonella spp. were identified mainly during acute diarrhea, with 50% of the S. enteritidis isolated during the study being responsible for septicemia and/or urinary tract infection in immunodeficient patients. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) were the most frequently identified agent in HIV+ patients with persistent diarrhea; 42.8% of the patients with EAggEC as sole pathogens had bloody diarrhea, and these strains were negative for the presence of a virulence plasmid. Coccidia were found in those with acute and persistent diarrhea. Blood was observed in 53.3% of infections involving coccidia as the sole pathogen. Microsporidium spp. and Blastocystis hominis were found only in HIV+ patients with persistent diarrhea. Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Entamoeba histolytica were found in HIV+ and HIV- dysenteric patients; bacteria resembling spirochetes that could not be cultivated were identified only in HIV+ cases with dysentery. Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli O157:H- was isolated from two cases with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Fungi were identified as the sole pathogen in 6.4% of the HIV+ patients with persistent diarrhea. Most of enteropathogenic bacteria identified were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, remained susceptible to ampicillin plus clavulanic acid, and were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin.
Asunto(s)
Disentería/etiología , Seronegatividad para VIH , Seropositividad para VIH , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Animales , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , República Centroafricana , Coccidios/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Amylase is composed by two isoenzymes groups: pancreatic or salivary type. This last part can be increased in many diseases. A case of lung cancer with elevated amylase activity in blood, urine and pleural fluid is reported in a 74-year-old man. This increase was due to salivary type isoamylases with an unusual component which disappeared by neuraminidase treatment. The significance and the origin of this hyperamylasemia with non pancreatic cancer are discussed.