RESUMEN
PRO (patient reported outcomes) is a patient's subjective assessment of health and quality of life, without interpretation by a specialist. PROM (patient reported outcomes measure) questionnaires are used to analyzing this data. Assessment of the quality of life is a perspective direction, which allows to improve the quality of medical care and treatment results. Today, there are many questionnaires PROM, their reliability and validity has been proven in numerous studies. Unified standards and methods for developing and evaluating questionnaires have been developed. Interest in the use of quality of life questionnaires is increasing constantly. However, studies analyzing the data of the PROM questionnaires are rarely found in the national literature. Quality of life is also poorly researched in clinical practice. The aim of the literature review is to present modern methods for assessing the quality of life of patients, especially with cancer. A review of the most widespread and reliable questionnaires and assessment instruments for the quality of life of a patient has been carried out. The analysis of world experience of their use in clinical practice, for patients with cancer has been performed. Examples of both general and specific questionnaires are given. PROM questionnaires are widely used among patients with cancer. However, incorrect use of PROMs is found in the literature, and in patients with certain nosologies PROM data studied poorly. Further analysis of the potential of PROM questionnaires implementation is required, as well as their translation and adaptation for use in Russian health care.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMEN
Ultrafast, high-efficiency single-photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited their maximum attainable detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate superconducting nanowire detectors atop nanophotonic waveguides, which enable a drastic increase of the absorption length for incoming photons. This allows us to achieve high on-chip single-photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, repeatable across several fabricated chips. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of the on-chip detection efficiency. The detectors are fully embedded in scalable silicon photonic circuits and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18 ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution, we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. Our direct implementation of a high-performance single-photon detector on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
RESUMEN
A broadband source of polarization entangled photons based on type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion from a chirped PPKTP crystal is presented. With numerical simulation and experimental evaluation, we report a source of broadband polarization entangled states with a bandwidth of approximately 125 nm for use in quantum interferometry. The technique has the potential to become a basis for the development of flexible broadband sources with designed spectral properties.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Ópticos , Fotones , Interferometría , LuzRESUMEN
A polarization mode dispersion (PMD) measurement of a commercial telecommunication wavelength selective switch (WSS) using a quantum interferometric technique with polarization-entangled states is presented. Polarization-entangled photons with a broad spectral width covering the telecom band are produced using a chirped periodically poled nonlinear crystal. The first demonstration of a quantum metrology application using an industrial commercial device shows a promising future for practical high-resolution quantum interference.
Asunto(s)
Interferometría/instrumentación , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Telecomunicaciones/instrumentación , Diseño de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de EquipoRESUMEN
The use of quantum correlations between photons to separate measure even- and odd-order components of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and chromatic dispersion in discrete optical elements is investigated. Two types of apparatus are discussed which use coincidence counting of entangled photon pairs to allow sub-femtosecond resolution for measurement of both PMD and chromatic dispersion. Group delays can be measured with a resolution of order 0.1 fs, whereas attosecond resolution can be achieved for phase delays.
RESUMEN
Kinetics of growth inhibition of fungi Fusarium and Bipolaris caused by bacteria Pseudomonas sp. V-6798 and Azotobacter chroococum V-2272 D on dense nutrient media, both in single-crop system and by coinoculation, was demonstrated. The speed of fungal colonies growth as a function of bacteria concentration in inoculate was shown to be in accordance with the Ierysalimskii modified equation. The degree of antagonistic activity was suggested to be assessed by the constant of inhibition (Ki) and residual rate of fungi growth. Constant of inhibition of fungal growth by bacteria varied within 10-100 cells/ml for observed species. More effective fungistatic influence of bacterial strains in combined culture was observed. Parameters reported in the present study allow comparing the degree of bacteria antifungal activity in vitro. Suggested screening method could be used for selection of bacteria as activity biofungicide and while selecting biomedication for defined plant pathogen disruption.
Asunto(s)
Azotobacter/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fusarium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pseudomonas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cinética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
A total of 129 women working at asbestos-concentrating factories and asbestos articles manufacture plant, including 87 of them facing asbestosis and 42 exposed to asbestos without asbestosis were examined. There was no marked shifts in the reproductive function and pregnancy results of women facing asbestosis and those exposed to asbestos without asbestosis. Women facing asbestosis has infant mortality higher than other women. Parameters of potential selection (index Crow) in the studied population showed an unfavourable demographic situation in women facing asbestosis. Analysis of biodemographic data helped to suggest the possibility of genetic predisposition to asbestosis.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Espontáneo/etiología , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Amianto/efectos adversos , Asbestosis/complicaciones , Mortalidad Infantil , Infertilidad Femenina/etiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Aborto Espontáneo/genética , Adaptación Biológica/genética , Adulto , Asbestosis/genética , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Infertilidad Femenina/genética , Embarazo , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Radioisotope method with oral administration of 131I-trioleate glycerin and 131I-oleic acid was used to study the absorption of neutral fats and fatty acids in 123 patients with ulcerative colitis, diffuse polyposis of the large intestine, and in 7 patients with ileostomy. It was found that fat secretion with feces was insignificantly higher than the normal and fluctuated within the range of 6.6-11.7%. Steatorrhea did not play a role in the development of clinical symptoms of the disease, and it might be caused by concomitant disorders in the bacterial flora. Slight disorders revealed in the fat absorption should not be considered as an obstacle to their normal use in the diet.