Asunto(s)
Salud Laboral , Habla , Voz , Aviación , Humanos , Pruebas Psicológicas , Medición de la Producción del HablaRESUMEN
Consideration has been given to the theoretical and applied aspects of regulation of the operator's functional state and its impact on work quality from the standpoint of preparation for and implementation of space mission. Determinations of the reflectory and regulatory functions of the operator's state are given and the neurophysiological mechanism of the latter is characterized. Analyzed were fresh methods of controlling the states of healthy persons and patients subjected to psychogenic depression via remote monitoring of voice, motor activity, etc., and recording of electrical indices (EEG, autonomous functions, etc.). Peculiarities of modifications of errors made by human subjects in identification of masked visual images within the "fatigue--negative emotions" range were investigated.
Asunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones/fisiología , Depresión/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Fatiga/diagnóstico , Vuelo Espacial , Afecto , Depresión/etiología , Electroencefalografía , Fatiga/psicología , Humanos , Enmascaramiento Perceptual , Percepción Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Human recognition of visual images in the form of Arabic numerals affected by "noise" showed a reduction in the time needed for recognition and an increase in the probability of making a correct identification in a rich sensory environment (use of classical or rock music). There was no direct relationship between the volume of the music and its positive effect on the recognition of visual images. The greatest changes in the recognition time and quality of correct recognition occurred at specific volume levels for both classical and rock music, and there were individual differences. The efficiency of image recognition decreased when the same musical fragments were used again with the same volume. The data are interpreted as a manifestation of the dominant.
Asunto(s)
Cognición/fisiología , Ambiente , Música/psicología , Percepción Visual/fisiología , Humanos , Tiempo de ReacciónRESUMEN
Analysis of the speech signal allowed to propose methods for quantitative diagnosis of patients with psychogenic depression with overwhelming melancholy and anxiety, and the functional state of essentially healthy professional operators. The methods are based on evaluation of intonation, motor and ideational speech parameters. They were successfully demonstrated in a psychiatric clinic and during fulfillment of jobs by operators.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Estado de Salud , Habla/fisiología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Humanos , Trastornos Psicomotores/diagnóstico , Trastornos Psicomotores/etiología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The mechanism of Ukhtomskii's dominant was used to improve operator's performance activity. Recognition of visual images--obscured Arabic numerals--in a sensorially rich environment (classic or rock music records) turned to be more successful: time of the task was reduced and the probability of correct identification increased. A reverse U-shaped dependence between the intensity of music and identification was stated. Repetition of music fragments at a constant value marred the positive effect.
Asunto(s)
Ambiente Controlado , Actividad Nerviosa Superior/fisiología , Sensación/fisiología , Humanos , Música , Estimulación Luminosa/instrumentación , Estimulación Luminosa/métodos , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Percepción Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Time of recognition by human subjects of masked Arabic numerals decreased and the probability of correct responses increased under conditions of listening of tape-recordings of classic or rock music. Changes in recognition were most pronounced under the definite music power. The efficiency of recognition decreased during repeated listening of the same music fragments with unchanged power. The obtained data are considered as a manifestation of the dominant regularities.
Asunto(s)
Ambiente , Música , Sensación/fisiología , Percepción Visual/fisiología , Estimulación Acústica/métodos , Actividad Nerviosa Superior/fisiología , Humanos , Estimulación Luminosa/métodos , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiología , Electroencefalografía , Hipnosis , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Computadores , HumanosRESUMEN
This article examines the development of the visual-motor skill of pursuit tracking. Parameters studied include tracking error and emotional tension, as manifested in heart rate and strength of grip exerted on the control handle used in the task. A specially developed device converted grip strength into an electrical signal suitable for analysis. Grip strength proved to be a more sensitive indicator of development and level of skill than traditionally used parameters of tracking error stabilization and minimization of emotional-autonomic shifts. Computation of the ratio of grip strength to tracking error makes it possible to estimate the "physiological cost" and, thus, reliability of operator performance. The device for registering grip strength is incorporated into the control system and may be used in systems providing continuous diagnostic information without interfering with operator performance.