Asunto(s)
Rol del Médico , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Adulto , Educación en Salud/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , U.R.S.S.Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria/organización & administración , Cuerpo Médico de Hospitales , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/organización & administración , Rol del Médico , Rol , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
An effective prevention of primary cancer is not feasible unless programs of cancer control education intended for specific populations have been developed. The paper compares the questionnaire-based data on 3442 residents of Moscow and certain regions in the Central Asia and Northern Caucasus for 1964-1984. It was found that the standards of cancer control education are still low. Only 15-20% are prepared to receive treatment for chronic diseases to prevent cancer and only 34-55% see a point in occupational screenings for early cancer detection. 40.5% ignore regular screenings, two-thirds deliberately avoid them and 14% admit apprehension that cancer may be detected. A healthy way of life is considered effective in avoiding cancer by 33--48% only. The report discusses certain age- and occupation-related recommendations on education in prevention of malignant tumors, including measures aimed at promoting a healthy way of life and giving up alcohol and smoking.
Asunto(s)
Educación en Salud , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Adulto , Alcoholismo/prevención & control , Asia Central , Femenino , Educación en Salud/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Moscú , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
Sera obtained from 642 patients with chronic alcoholism and 400 sera from healthy donors, collected in different regions of the USSR (Moscow, the Kirghiz SSR, Transcarpathian Province, the northern Caucasus), were studied. Out of all patients with chronic alcoholism whose blood sera were examined, persons aged 20-30 years constituted 22%, 31-40 years, 41.8%, 41-50 years, 27.5%, above 50 years, 8.7%. The results of the study of the immune structure of these patients with respect to the causative agents of respiratory diseases revealed a large proportion of persons seropositive to influenza virus B Leningrad/369/75 (92-93%) and coronavirus OC-43 (78-93%). Patients with chronic alcoholism were shown to belong to a high risk group with respect to Legionella pneumophila infection. The proportion of persons with antibodies to L. pneumophila among such patients (up to 21.1%) was considerably higher than among healthy donors (not more than 6%). In different regions of the USSR large risk groups with respect to diphtheria (42-56%) and tetanus (12-45%) were detected among patients with chronic alcoholism. These patients also showed considerably higher levels of anti-tissue antibodies in comparison with the healthy population.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/inmunología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Formación de Anticuerpos , Difteria/inmunología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/inmunología , Riesgo , Tétanos/inmunología , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
A total of 707 males suffering from chronic alcoholism and 447 male donors not abusing alcohol have been surveyed in different regions of the USSR. The presence of HBsAg, as well as anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibodies, has been determined by the enzyme immunoassay. The survey has revealed a high rate of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic alcoholics in comparison with the control group, which gives grounds for including such persons into a high risk group with respect to viral hepatitis B infection.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Hepatitis B/diagnóstico , Adulto , Hepatitis B/complicaciones , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In the experiment with inoculation of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (a maximum total dose of 7.5 mg) to Syrian hamsters, tumors developed in 20 out of 25 animals surviving the time of the occurrence of the first tumor (31 weeks). Out of 35 tumors 17 developed at the site of inoculation: in the left cheek pouch (of them 12 embryonal rhabdomyoblastomas), 11 in the stomach (of them 6 neurogenic), and 7 in other organs (skin, liver, adrenals, hemopoietic system). The paper describes the histological pattern of 6 neurogenic tumors of the stomach in which all the elements of the nervous system have been found: ganglionic cells, neuroglia, and nerve stems. On the basis of some signs the authors classify these tumors as malignant.