RESUMEN

Sleep disorders and fatigue represent prominent symptoms frequently experienced by individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Some psychological factors such as depression, stress, and anxiety seem to have a relationship with such problems. This study aimed to examine the role of depression, stress, and anxiety in predicting sleep disorders and fatigue among patients with MS. Employing a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design, the study involved a sample size of 252 participants selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We utilized a demographic information questionnaire along with the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to collect data and analyzed them applying SPSS22, incorporating statistical measures including Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that sleep disorders had a positive and significant relationship with depression (r = 0.56; P < 0.001), stress (r = 0.40; P < 0.001), and anxiety (r = 0.52; P < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between age and the development of sleep disorders in total score (r = -0.001; P < 0.985), but age had a relationship with insomnia (r = -0.146; P < 0.021) and oversleeping (r = 0.153; P < 0.015). Age and fatigue did not have a significant relationship as well (r = -0.044; P < 0.941). In addition, fatigue had a positive and significant relationship with depression (r = 0.52; P < 0.001), stress (r = 0.48; P < 0.001), and anxiety (r = 0.54; P < 0.001). The results of the regression analysis also showed that depression, stress, and anxiety predict 0.37% of the total variance of sleep disorders (F = 48.34; P < 0.001) and 0.35% of the total variance of fatigue (F = 44.64; P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that depression, stress, and anxiety play a significant role in predicting sleep disorders and fatigue among patients with MS. This study has been reported in accordance with the TREND checklist for nonrandomized trials.

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Infertility is a multifaceted problem that can cause significant impairments with emotional, social, and psychological consequences, including problems in the marital relationship. This study aimed to mediate the role of relational aggression in the association between infertility stigma and marital relationship distress in infertile women. The research method was descriptive and path analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all infertile women who were referred to infertility centers and obstetrics and gynecology medical centers in Tehran in 2021 (July to October), and due to lack of full access to them, 300 people were selected by available sampling method who participated in the research through an online questionnaire. Data were collected using the Marital Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Infertility Stigma, and Relational Aggression Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the causal model of the relationship between infertility stigma, relational aggression, and marital relationship distress in infertile women was confirmed based on different fitting indices. Infertility stigma and associated aggression directly affect the marital turmoil of infertile women. On the other hand, infertility stigma indirectly affects infertile women's marital distress through relational aggression (P < .05). Therefore, the infertility stigma and relational aggression play an important role in marital distress in infertile women, and targeting these two components in psychological therapies can effectively reduce marital chaos.

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This work aimed to explore the relationship between social anxiety with benign and toxic online self-disclosures with the mediating role of rejection sensitivity, self-regulation, and Internet addiction. In this study, 358 students who were active members of social networks at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran were evaluated in the form of a structural equation model. The results substantiated that social anxiety could explain 47% of the variance in benign online self-disclosure and 27% of toxic online self-disclosure with the mediating role of rejection sensitivity, self-regulation, and Internet addiction. It was found that people with high social anxiety had higher rejection sensitivity and lower self-regulation. Also, people with higher social anxiety had directly higher benign and toxic online self-disclosures. The results indicated that self-regulation did not have a direct impact on benign online self-disclosure; however, it had a direct negative impact on toxic online self-disclosure.

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Child abuse has proved to be one of the most important social challenges. The present study attempts (a) to determine the prevalence of child abuse in an urban area in Iran and (b) to differentiate abused from non-abused adolescent boys using parental and child characteristics. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of different types of child abuse. The prevalence sample comprised 2,100 students selected through a multistage random sampling procedure. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Depression Inventory, II (BDI-II), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), modified Hazan & Shaver Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90-R). Descriptive statistics and discriminant function analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 14.85% of the subjects were exposed to child abuse, with emotional abuse being most prevalent (52.09%). Also, it appeared that variables such as parental depression and anxiety and children's attachment styles, anxiety, and aggression can help discriminate abused boys from their non-abused counterparts.

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