RESUMEN
1. This work investigates the apparent metabolisable energy (AME), its nitrogen-corrected form (AMEn) and amino acid (AA) digestibility coefficients of the microalgae Spirulina platensis as an ingredient in broiler chicken diets. 2. One group of birds was fed with a basal control diet (BD), and another was fed with a test diet composed of the BD with the addition of the microalgae at a proportion of 200 g/kg. AME and AMEn were assessed by total excreta collection and indigestibility analysis using acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as a marker. 3. The microalgae comprised 888.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), 18.42 MJ/kg gross energy, 514.7 g/kg crude protein, 9.9 g/kg ether extract, 10.6 g/kg crude fibre, 94.4 g/kg ash, 3.1 g/kg Ca and 11.0 g/kg P. 4. The values obtained for AME (13.48 MJ/kg DM) and AMEn (11.72 MJ/kg DM) were higher (p < 0.01) than those obtained using the AIA method (9.39-8.29 MJ/kg DM). The microalgae ileal digestibility coefficients were 0.80 ± 0.04 and 0.78 ± 0.04 for essential and non-essential AA, respectively. 5. Overall, the metabolisable energy content and digestibility of AA for S. platensis indicated that the microalgae are potentially an alternative nutrient source for broilers. The AIA method underestimated AME and AMEn in comparison to the total excreta collection method.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinaria , Digestión , Aditivos Alimentarios/farmacología , Spirulina , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Metabolismo Energético , Heces/química , Masculino , Microalgas/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Non-modulators are a subset of essential hypertensive individuals in whom renal hemodynamic and adrenal aldosterone responses to angiotensin II fail to modulate appropriately during high dietary salt intake. The main aim of this study was to investigate the familial aggregation of non-modulation and several erythrocyte Na+ transport systems in normotensive and hypertensive individuals as well as offspring of hypertensive parents. An additional aim was to evaluate the effect of treatment with enalapril on erythrocyte Na+ transport. We studied 15 normotensive subjects (6 males, 27+/-6 years), 14 untreated modulating essential hypertensive subjects (7 males, 38+/-7 years), 12 untreated non-modulating essential hypertensive subjects (7 males, 38+/-6 years), 14 modulating offspring of hypertensive parents (8 males, 25+/-6 years), and 14 non-modulating offspring of hypertensive parents (8 males, 26+/-4 years). Blood pressure was recorded with an oscillometric device and renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate by clearances of para-aminohippurate and inulin, respectively. Non-modulating subjects were identified as individuals who failed to increase effective renal plasma flow by 30% and decrease filtration fraction by at least 30% 10 days after changing from a low (20 mmol/d) to a high (250 mmol/d) sodium intake. Erythrocyte Na+ transport was characterized by measurements of the Na+-K+ pump, Na+-Li+ countertransport, Na+-K+-Cl- cotransport, passive Na+ permeability, and Na+ content. After the initial studies, hypertensive individuals were treated with enalapril (20 mg/d P.O.) for 6 months, after which erythrocyte Na+ transport measurements were again made. The main findings were that Na+-Li+ countertransport is increased in non-modulating hypertensive subjects and non-modulating offspring of hypertensive parents, that the increase in blood pressure in response to high salt intake is greater in non-modulating than modulating hypertensive subjects, and that enalapril decreases Na+-Li+ countertransport activity to normal in non-modulating hypertensive subjects. These findings provide support for a possible genetic role in the development of salt sensitivity and suggest that Na+-Li+ countertransport and non-modulation are related phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Enalapril/uso terapéutico , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/genética , Litio/sangre , Sodio/sangre , Adulto , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/administración & dosificación , Antihipertensivos/administración & dosificación , Transporte Biológico , Cloruros/metabolismo , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Enalapril/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Litio/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sodio/análisis , Sodio/metabolismo , Sodio en la Dieta/efectos adversos , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of treatment with cilazapril versus nifedipine on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), microalbumin excretion rate (mu Alb) and baseline plasma renin activity (PRA) levels in non-diabetic or diabetic essential hypertension. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-four moderate essential hypertensives and thirty-two type II diabetic hypertensives with currently normal renal function completed the study, receiving treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI, 5-10 mg/day cilazapril) or a non-CEI (20-40 mg slow-release nifedipine three times a day) during a 12-month controlled follow-up study. RESULTS: Either treatment induced a similar reduction in blood pressure. Patients with PRA > 3 ng/ml per h treated with cilazapril showed a proportional increase in GFR, whereas in those treated with a non-CEI there was a decline in GFR after 8 and 12 months. Only diabetic patients treated with cilazapril showed a mu Alb reduction associated with a stable GFR. CONCLUSION: PRA predicts the effect of CEI preserving renal function in essential and diabetic hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Renina/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Riñón/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Enalapril/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Circulación Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/efectos de los fármacos , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Renina/sangre , Sodio/orinaRESUMEN
La dermatitis del área del pañal es una manifestación cutánea que se localiza en los genitales externos, nalgas, parte inferior de abdomen y muslos pudiendo o no afectar los pliegues. En el presente trabajo clasificamos a la misma de acuerdo a nuestra experiencia clínica, mencionamos los factores etiológicos y damos pautas sobre la terapéutica utilizada. Consideramos que es una afección frecuente en primera infancia, con predominio en lactantes, que en oportunidades llega complicada al dermatólogo por no ser ésta la primera consulta
Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido , Lactante , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Dermatitis del Pañal , Dermatitis del Pañal/diagnóstico , Dermatitis del Pañal/etiología , Dermatitis del Pañal/terapiaRESUMEN
La dermatitis del área del pañal es una manifestación cutánea que se localiza en los genitales externos, nalgas, parte inferior de abdomen y muslos pudiendo o no afectar los pliegues. En el presente trabajo clasificamos a la misma de acuerdo a nuestra experiencia clínica, mencionamos los factores etiológicos y damos pautas sobre la terapéutica utilizada. Consideramos que es una afección frecuente en primera infancia, con predominio en lactantes, que en oportunidades llega complicada al dermatólogo por no ser ésta la primera consulta (AU)