RESUMEN
The WHO European Region has been declared polio-free since 2002. By 2010, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was the only polio vaccine in use in the EU/EEA for the primary vaccination of children. A systematic review of the literature on polio seroprevalence studies, complemented by the analysis of available vaccine coverage data, has been carried out with the aim of assessing the level of protection against polio in the European population. A total of 52 studies, with data from 14 out of the 31 EU/EEA countries, were included in the analysis. This systematic review shows that, overall, seroprevalence for PV1 and PV3 is high in most countries, although seroimmunity gaps have been detected in several birth cohorts. In particular, relatively low immunity status was found in some countries for individuals born in the 60's and 70's. Discrepancies between reported vaccination coverage and immunity levels have been also highlighted. Countries should make sure that their population is being vaccinated for polio to reduce the risk of local poliovirus transmission in case of importation. Moreover, assessing immunity status should be priority for those traveling to areas where wild polioviruses are still circulating.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Poliomielitis/prevención & control , Poliovirus/inmunología , Unión Europea , Humanos , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
We previously reported that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a naturally occurring fatty acid, inhibits the growth of ERalpha(+) MCF-7 and ERalpha(-) MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells by negative modulation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and apoptosis induction. Here we show that in these cell lines CLA also down-regulates the PI3K/Akt cascade. In MCF-7 cells CLA also triggers ERalpha/PP2A complex formation reducing the phosphorylation state and transcriptional activity of Eralpha whereas in MDA-MB-231 cells CLA does not induce PP2A activation. Moreover, CLA induces the expression of proteins involved in cell adhesion and inhibits cell migration and MMP-2 activity. These findings suggest that CLA may induce the down-regulation of ERalpha signalling and the reduction of cell invasion through the modulation of balancing between phosphatases and kinases.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/farmacología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Neoplasias de la Mama/enzimología , Adhesión Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Regulación hacia Abajo , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividad Neoplásica , Proteína Fosfatasa 2/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
This study demonstrates how the potentiating effects of E2 on insulin signaling in ER-positive breast cancer cells are consequent to an enhanced IRS-1 expression [corrected]. It induces an increase of both PI-3K/AKT and ERK1/2 activities. A direct action of E2 in the regulating mouse IRS-1 gene is also investigated in both Chinese hamster ovary and MCF-7 cells that are transfected with mouse IRS-1 regulatory sequences. The authors have reported, for the first time, how E2 induction of IRS-1 mRNA was correlated with a direct positive regulatory role of E2 on the IRS-1 promoter. This effect seems to be not strictly related to the cell type.
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Estradiol/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Insulina/fisiología , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosforilación , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , ARN Mensajero/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Geiparvarin, a natural compound isolated from the leaves of Geijera parviflora, inhibits the growth of various tumor cell lines with a mode of action which may be attributed to its anti-microtubular activity. Our previous findings indicated that geiparvarin is able to inhibit the in vitro polymerization of tubulin and to derange the microtubular network in fibroblasts more effectively in the presence of paclitaxel. To further explore its biological activity here we have studied the effects exerted on the other components of the cytoskeleton by geiparvarin and two derivatives obtained by conjugating the 3(2H)-furanone ring of geiparvarin with diethylstilbestrol (DES). Firstly, observations by electron microscopy confirmed anti-microtubular properties, a near-total absence of microtubules is detected when tubulin is incubated with drugs in the presence of paclitaxel, whereas microtubule formation is not inhibited by drugs when assembly is induced by guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP). Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that geiparvarin and DES act in a vinblastine-like fashion, causing a marked depletion of intermediate filaments while the network of microfilaments is not affected. Both the conjugates alter the 'stress fibers' organization of actin and disrupt the vimentin pattern; generally they derange cytoskeleton more markedly than the parent compounds. The cell growth inhibiting effects of geiparvarin and derivatives are dose-dependent; they vary according to the cell line used, when compounds were administered either alone or simultaneously with paclitaxel. Unlike other anti-microtubule agents, they do not exhibit cell-cycle compartment specificity and do not influence thymidine uptake in the cell.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Cumarinas/farmacología , Dietilestilbestrol/farmacología , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , Células 3T3/citología , Células 3T3/efectos de los fármacos , Células 3T3/metabolismo , Animales , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocalasina B/farmacología , ADN/análisis , ADN/biosíntesis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Ratones , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/ultraestructura , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Timidina/metabolismo , Vinblastina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Scombroid poisoning is a form of ichthyosarcotoxism caused by eating spoiled fish, mainly of the scombroid family. Inappropriate storage of these fish can lead to the decarboxylation of histidine in the flesh to histamine by enterobacteria. The symptoms of histamine poisoning mimic those of an IgE-mediated food allergy, as well as flushing, headache, diarrhea and palpitations. However, in some cases, the scombroid poisoning can be characterized by very serious symptoms, as well as cardiovascular compromission. We describe two cases of scombroid poisoning with severe hypotension requiring continuous intravenous dopamine with resolution of symptoms only several hours later.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Conservación de Alimentos , Toxinas Marinas/envenenamiento , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Síndrome , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: The authors examined a case series of patients under the age of 18 years treated for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate postoperative and long-term results of surgery in patients younger than 18 years. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There are only a few series, with controversial results, available on the surgical treatment of disc herniation in growing patients. METHODS: Between 1975 and 1991, a consecutive series of 129 patients 9-18 years of age (average age, 16.2 years) underwent surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Low back pain associated with leg pain was the main clinical symptom in 106 subjects (82%), back pain in 17 (13%), and leg pain in 6 (5%). RESULTS: Short-term results were excellent or good for 123 cases (95%), with complete pain relief in 97 (75%) and moderate but incomplete relief in 26 (20%). A total of 98 (76%) long-term responses obtained at a mean follow-up of 12.4 years revealed excellent outcomes in 40% of the cases, good in 47%, and poor in 13%. Ten patients (10%) underwent reintervention after 9 years on average (2 fusions and 8 re-explorations for herniated disc). CONCLUSIONS: Results have confirmed a tendency for outcomes to deteriorate between the short-term and long-term follow-up in young patients treated by discectomy: this tendency and the rate of reintervention (10%) confirmed the need for long-term follow-up of children and adolescents treated for disc herniation.
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Discectomía , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/complicaciones , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/etiología , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/cirugía , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Masculino , Ciática/etiología , Ciática/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Geiparvarin is an antiproliferative compound isolated from the leaves of Geijera parviflora, and may represent a new drug which targets tubulin. To better explore the potential use of this agent, we investigated the antimicrotubular and cytotoxic effects of new synthetic aromatic derivatives of geiparvarin. These drugs inhibited polymerization of microtubular protein, particularly when the assembly was induced by paclitaxel. The microtubular network organization of fibroblasts was altered more effectively by some drugs. Normal microtubule architecture completely disappeared when the cells were treated simultaneously with drugs and paclitaxel: microtubules depolymerized or were reorganized into bundles, in a similar but more disarrayed fashion than that observed after treatment with paclitaxel alone. Cytotoxicity studies showed a dose-dependent effect, whereas combined administration of drugs and paclitaxel increased cytotoxicity, more effectively in paclitaxel versus derivatives administration alone.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Cumarinas/farmacología , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Tubulina (Proteína)/efectos de los fármacos , Células 3T3 , Animales , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citoesqueleto/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/química , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tubulina (Proteína)/químicaRESUMEN
Ticlopidine is an antiplatelet agent that is used to reduce the occurrence of atherothrombotic arterial events, but it can sometime cause severe haematological side-effects. We describe the case of a 79-year old woman suffering from ischaemic cardiopathy and chronic cerebral vasculopathy treated with ticlopidine, who developed a rare pancytopenia on the 26th day of ticlopidine treatment. The patient was successful treated with intravenous antibiotics and with filgrastim, with complete reversion of the pancytopenia.
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Fibrinolíticos/efectos adversos , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/uso terapéutico , Pancitopenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos adversos , Ticlopidina/efectos adversos , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Filgrastim , Humanos , Pancitopenia/inducido químicamente , Proteínas RecombinantesAsunto(s)
Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C Crónica , Interferón-alfa/administración & dosificación , ARN Viral/análisis , Ribavirina/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C Crónica/enzimología , Hepatitis C Crónica/virología , Humanos , Interferón alfa-2 , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Interferon alpha provides benefit in only a limited number of patients with chronic anti-HBe-positive hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to verify the long-term efficacy of lamivudine treatment of these patients and the incidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with chronic anti-HBe-positive hepatitis B were treated with lamivudine 100 mg once daily for 52 weeks. Levels of alanine aminotransferase, HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, and IgM antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen were monitored during therapy and 12-month follow up. The polymerase gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the region coding for YMDD amino acid motif was directly sequenced. RESULTS: Only 2/15 patients (13%) had a sustained virological and biochemical response and improved histologically. Eleven out of 15 (74%) showed inhibition of viral replication and normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels during lamivudine treatment but relapsed 1-12 months after terminating therapy. In the two remaining patients (13%), HBV DNA initially became negative but reappeared in the serum after 24 weeks, and in both patients the emergence of YMDD mutants was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the antiviral efficacy of lamivudine in anti-HBe-positive patients, but response to a 1-year course was only transient as the majority of patients relapsed after therapy withdrawal. The lack of a sustained effect and the emergence of lamivudine-resistant mutants suggest that therapy for chronic hepatitis B should be based on a combination of several therapeutic agents.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , ADN Viral/análisis , Antígenos e de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis B Crónica/virología , Lamivudine/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Secuencia de Aminoácidos/genética , Fármacos Anti-VIH/efectos adversos , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ADN/genética , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Hepatitis B Crónica/inmunología , Hepatitis B Crónica/patología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/análisis , Inmunoglobulina M/inmunología , Lamivudine/efectos adversos , Hígado/patología , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
Solid Lipid Nanospheres (SLN) are colloidal therapeutic systems proposed for several administration routes and obtained by dispersing warm microemulsions in cold water. SLN as carriers of doxorubicin and paclitaxel have been previously studied. In this study, the cellular uptake of SLN and the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and paclitaxel incorporated into SLN were investigated on two cell-lines, human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7). Cellular uptake of SLN was determined by incorporating 6-coumarin as fluorescent marker. The cellular uptake of fluorescent SLN was clearly evidenced by fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin incorporated in SLN was higher compared to the conventional doxorubicin solution, even at the lower concentrations. Paclitaxel in SLN was about 100-fold more effective than free paclitaxel on MCF-7 cells, while on HL60 cells a lower sensitivity was achieved with paclitaxel in SLN. Unloaded SLN had no cytotoxic effect on HL60 and MCF-7 cells.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Paclitaxel/metabolismo , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Química Farmacéutica , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Microscopía Fluorescente , Microesferas , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
A total of 25 pathologic fractures in patients affected with thoracolumbar vertebral metastases associated with neurologic deficit are reported. None of the pathologic fractures were stable, while 14 were unstable and 11 were very unstable. Decompression with intralesional excision of the neoplastic mass compressing the dural sac was performed in all of the cases. Posterior stabilization was performed in the first cases using systems of sublaminar segmental fixation, and thereafter using systems of pedicle fixation. Removal of the vertebral body followed by anterior fusion after preventive posterior stabilization was performed in 2 cases. Pain symptoms regressed in 85% of the cases and in more than 50% of the patients there was improvement in the neurologic findings and in vertebral deformity consequent to fracture. Mean survival rate was 12 months. Despite the limited number of cases posterior stabilization of pathological fractures is a good choice of treatment in patients with severe neurologic deficit.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Espontáneas/cirugía , Vértebras Lumbares , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/secundario , Vértebras Torácicas , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Fijación de Fractura , Fracturas Espontáneas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Espontáneas/etiología , Humanos , Laminectomía , Vértebras Lumbares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/etiología , Fusión Vertebral , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) has been used as an index of endothelial dysfunction. Increased release of vWF from endothelial cells has been reported in several conditions, and there is also evidence that dysfunctioning endothelial cells synthesize defective molecules. In fact, unusually large vWF multimers have been described and related to the pathogenesis of some microangiopathic diseases. Abnormal levels of vWF have been reported in primary glomerulitis, but this was no referred to histological diagnosis. Furthermore, no qualitative vWF analysis was performed in these glomerulopathies. Therefore the aim of our study was to analyse quantitatively and qualitatively vWF in patients with IgA (IgAN) and non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN). METHODS: Fourteen IgAN patients, eight PGN patients, seven subjects with different glomerulonephritides, and 10 healthy controls formed the basis of this study. On peripheral venous blood collected in the presence of protease inhibitors, vWF parameters were investigated. vWF antigenic activity (vWF:Ag) was measured by electroimmunodiffusion. vWF subunits mobility was studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and in some patients vWF multimeric analysis was performed by SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Mean vWF:Ag was significantly higher in PGN patients as compared to controls, while there was no significant difference between PGN and IgAN patients and between IgAN and controls. CIE revealed a pre-peak in 12 of 14 IgAN patients and a migration index which did not differ between controls, IgAN, and PGN subjects. No pre-peak was observed in PGN and in other glomerulonephritides. Analysis of plasma vWF multimeric pattern by SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis disclosed in four IgAN patients abnormally large vWF multimers that were not documented in PGN subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study, by showing the presence of a pre-peak and of large vWF multimers in IgAN patients, suggests an altered postsecretory handling of the vWF in IgAN and possibly a different role of the vWF in IgAN in respect to PGN.
Asunto(s)
Glomerulonefritis por IGA/sangre , Factor de von Willebrand/análisis , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Femenino , Glomerulonefritis por IGA/fisiopatología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Geiparvarin, a natural product that exhibits antiproliferative activity, inhibits the growth of various tumour cell lines with a mechanism of action so far unknown. Our preliminary findings showed that geiparvarin and some derivatives obtained from its conjugation with diethylstilboestrol and meso-hexestrol significantly inhibit taxol-induced in vitro polymerization of both tubulin and microtubular protein. In this study we investigated the effect of geiparvarin and of the oestrogen-combined derivatives on the cellular microtubular network of fibroblasts. Geiparvarin altered the microtubular organization of fibroblasts and strengthened the derangement of the microtubular pattern in cells exposed simultaneously to taxol. However, the microtubular network remained quite well organized in fibroblasts exposed to geiparvarin and preincubated with taxol, which in this case prevented the deranging effect of the former. The antimicrotubular activity of the oestrogen-combined derivatives was more similar to that of geiparvarin than to that of the oestrogens, and often this activity was stronger than that of each reference drug alone; the cytotoxic activity examined in the same experimental conditions generally confirmed the microscopic analysis.
Asunto(s)
Células 3T3/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Cumarinas/farmacología , Dietilestilbestrol/farmacología , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Animales , Centrosoma/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , RatonesRESUMEN
The authors report the data concerning 2295 women tested for toxoplasmosis immunodiagnosis, in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of "La Sapienza" University of Rome in the years 1993-1994. Four hundred eleven cases (17.9%) were positive for IgG only; 2 cases (0.1%) for IgM only; 15 cases (0.6%) for both IgG and IgM while 1867 cases (81.4%) were negative. 1668 women were pregnant. In this group 260 (15.6%) were positive for IgG only, 2 (0.1%) for IgM only, and 10 (10.6%) for both IgG and IgM; in one case there was a spontaneous absorption in the 10th week of pregnancy, in another case a still-birth in the 20th week with brain lesions; a child was born with phocomelia of the right arm and one with a clubfoot. While it is possible to explain the absorption and the still-birth with the toxoplasma infection, it is difficult to understand the causes of the abnormality of the limbs.
Asunto(s)
Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina M/análisis , Inmunoglobulina M/inmunología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/inmunología , Ciudad de Roma/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Geiparvarin is an antiproliferative compound whose mechanism of action has not yet been identified. We have investigated the biochemical action on purified microtubular protein, as well as on tubulin, of geiparvarin and of some derivatives resulting from its conjugation with two synthetic oestrogens, diethylstilboestrol and meso-hexoestrol, in comparison with the antimicrotubular action of the reference oestrogens. Geiparvarin and derivatives did not inhibit colchicine binding to tubulin nor did they significantly influence GTP-induced polymerization. On the contrary, they effectively counteracted the stimulating effect of taxol on microtubule formation, both in the presence and in the absence of microtubule-associated proteins. A competitive inhibition mechanism at the taxol binding site of tubulin may thus be proposed to explain the antimicrotubular action of geiparvarin.
Asunto(s)
Cumarinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/farmacología , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Unión Competitiva , Encéfalo , Bovinos , Colchicina/química , Cumarinas/química , Dietilestilbestrol/química , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/química , Guanosina Trifosfato/química , Paclitaxel/química , Tubulina (Proteína)/químicaRESUMEN
A structure-activity relationship has been established between calvatic acid and some related synthetic compounds, and their ability to inhibit GTP-induced microtubular protein polymerization in vitro. These compounds were effective in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. The most active drug was the p-chloro substituted compound, which showed its inhibitory activity without any preincubation period, which the others needed. Since if cysteine was present, polymerization was no longer affected, an involvement of titratable -SH groups of tubulin could be suggested. In contrast, taxol-induced polymerization was only slightly inhibited by these compounds, and colchicine-binding activity was not generally impaired.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos Azo/farmacología , Proteínas de Microtúbulos/química , Animales , Benzoatos/farmacología , Bovinos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Técnicas In Vitro , Nitrilos/farmacología , Polímeros , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
In this study we examined the interactions of liver microsomes with the antibiotic calvatic acid and with structural analogues, some of which had shown antimicrotubular properties. These drugs decreased cytochrome P-450 content differently according to the substitutions on the azoxy function and the ethoxycarbonyl derivatives were found to be the most effective ones. The decrease in cytochrome P-450 could be prevented by addition of cysteine or GSH, suggesting an involvement of sulphydryl groups. Furthermore, chromatographic analyses showed that ethoxycarbonyl derivatives were completely metabolized, and this would explain the different behaviour of these compounds towards microtubular protein when they were incubated with purified bovine brain protein or with liver or hepatoma extracts.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Nitrilos/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Benzoatos/farmacocinética , Benzoatos/farmacología , Biotransformación , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Nitrilos/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
AIM: To identify and study cases of mild balanoposthitis (MBP) with penile pathology among patients observed at a dermatology clinic over an 18-month period. MATERIALS: The study included 321 patients with penile pathology. The term MBP was used to describe balanoposthitis of a localised, inflammatory nature with few, non-specific symptoms and a tendency to become chronic or recur. Two hundred and seventy had diseases clearly identifiable by clinical examination or laboratory tests; 51 cases were diagnosed as MBP and these patients had blood tests (to evaluate immune status) and microbiological examination; when these proved negative, a series of patch tests was also used. RESULTS: Of the 51 patients diagnosed as having MBP, the cause was ascertained in 34 cases (infection, mechanical trauma, contact irritation, contact allergy, etc.), whereas no specific aetiological factor was detected to explain the symptoms in the remaining 17 cases.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Pene/patología , Pene/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Balanitis/etiología , Balanitis/patología , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Pene/etiología , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
A total of 40 patients affected with lumbosacral degenerative pathology and submitted to pedicular synthesis and laminectomy were followed-up. There was an 86% success rate after an average of 2 years. The authors conclude by recognizing the effectiveness of pedicular fixation, and the need to associate laminectomy with fusion because of the frequent association of instability and stenosis in degenerative low back pain.