RESUMEN
The medical devices, biotechnology, and healthcare industries are closely tied to innovation, with companies relying on research and development and new product introduction. However, innovation activities like research and development can be costly, and commercializing new products faces complexities. Having effective business models (BMs) aligned with such innovation activities is crucial. This study delves into the intricacies of BMs in these innovator companies, emphasizing the pivotal role of effective BMs in navigating uncertainties and fostering innovation. This study conducted a systematic literature review to synthesize knowledge on BMs in innovator health-tech companies and compare models on dimensions like infrastructure, offering, customers, and finances. The review of 34 recent papers revealed 9 key BMs - open innovation, sustainable, dynamic, dual, spin-off, frugal, high-tech entrepreneurial content marketing, back-end, and product-service systems BMs. The analysis found open innovation, sustainability, and dynamicity as foundational models that can serve as a basis when combined with others. The paper unveils a tailored Dynamic Sustainable Business Model (DSBM) for Health-Tech, designed to integrate adaptability and sustainability, providing a framework for companies to leverage emerging technologies effectively. Additionally, a conceptual framework outlining 28 groups of uncertainty factors in BMs was developed to aid risk management in health-tech. The findings offer crucial insights for companies in health-tech industries, aiding them in managing innovation and value creation amidst a rapidly evolving landscape.
RESUMEN
Negotiation scoring systems are fundamental tools used in negotiation support to facilitate parties searching for negotiation agreement and analyzing its efficiency and fairness. Such a scoring system is obtained in prenegotiation by implementing selected multiple criteria decision-aiding methods to elicit the negotiator's preferences precisely and ensure that the support is reliable. However, the methods classically used in the preference elicitation require much cognitive effort from the negotiators, and hence, do not prevent them from using heuristics and making simple errors that result in inaccurate scoring systems. This paper aims to develop an alternative tool that allows scoring the negotiation offers by implementing a sorting approach and the reference set of limiting profiles defined individually by the negotiators in the form of complete packages. These limiting profiles are evaluated holistically and verbally by the negotiator. Then the fuzzy decision model is built that uses the notion of increasing the preference granularity by introducing a series of limiting sub-profiles for corresponding sub-categories of offers. This process is performed automatically by the support algorithm and does not require any additional preferential information from the negotiator. A new method of generating reference fuzzy scores to allow a detailed assignment of any negotiation offer from feasible negotiation space to clusters and sub-clusters is proposed. Finally, the efficient frontier and Nash's fair division are used to identify the recommended packages for negotiation in the bargaining phase. This new approach allows negotiators to obtain economically efficient, fair, balanced, and reciprocated agreements while minimizing information needs and effort.